Observation of a baryon exchange dip and parton effects in backward photoproduction of ω

A measurement of backward photoproduction of omega mesons on protons is reported. Data are presented which show a dip in the differential cross section at u = ?0.15 (GeV/c)² and an s dependence which varies strongly with u. The s dependence suggests an incoherent sum of a Regge and a parton term and differential cross sections for the two components are presented.     

Cross-section energy dependence of planar and non-planar two-body hypercharge-exchange reactions

The energy dependence of total cross sections for twenty-three two-body hypercharge-exchange reactions is studied. It is found that the planar reactions have in general a less steep fall-off with increasing energy than the non-planar reactions. Explanations of the difference in terms of kinematics and dynamics (baryon exchange and t-channel exchange effects) are discussed and found highly improbable. Implications of the effects observed are discussed.     

Observation of meson central production in baryon exchange processes

The central production of ⁰,f ₂ and ₃ ⁰ mesons is observed for the first time in processes which are originated by ⁺ p reactions proceeding via baryon exchange mechanism. The data come from the CERN WA56 experiment designed to separate the baryon exchange reactions in ⁺ p-collisions at 20 GeV/c. We report on the measured integral and differential cross sections and also give the density matrix elements of the meson resonances observed.     

Three-flavor quark mass dependence of baryon spectra in holographic QCD

We introduce the strange quark mass to the Sakai–Sugimoto model of holographic QCD. We compute mass shifts in the spectra of three-flavor baryons at the leading order in perturbation in quark masses. Comparison with experimental data shows an agreement only qualitatively.     

Casimir energy and baryon number for small hedgehogs

It is shown that in the nonlinearO(4) σ model the Casimir energy and the baryon number vanish as the hedgehog size goes to zero.     

Charge distributions of many particle final states and the energy dependence of forward charge exchange

We will describe a possible dynamical origin of the energy dependence of charge exchange cross sections. Our main assumption is local compensation of charge in a certain class of many particle final states.     

Progress towards determining the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy using heavy-ion reactions

The latest development in determining the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy using heavy-ion collisions is reviewed. Within the IBUU04 version of an isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model using a modified Gogny effective interaction, recent experimental data from NSCL/MSU on isospin diffusion are found to be consistent with a nuclear symmetry energy of E _sym(ρ)≈31.6(ρ/ρ₀)^1.05 at subnormal densities. Predictions on several observables sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy at supranormal densities accessible at GSI and the planned Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) are also made.     

Maximal net baryon density in the energy region covered by NICA

There are several theoretical indications that the energy region covered by the proposed NICA accelerator in Dubna is an extremely interesting one. We present a review of data obtained in relativistic heavy ion collisions and show that there is a gap around 10 GeV where more and better precise measurements are needed. The theoretical interpretation can only be clarified by covering this energy region. In particular the strangeness content needs to be determined, data covering the full phase space (4π) would be very helpful to establish the thermal parameters of a possible phase transition.     

Temperature dependence of the lattice locations of boron implanted in germanium

The β-NMR of the probe atom ¹²B implanted in In-doped germanium was measured as a function of temperature. As a result, three resonances were observed: sharp and broad resonances around the Larmor frequency and a resonance split by the electric quadrupole interaction. It was found that the appearance of the resonances is similar to the case of Si host (Izumikawa et al. Hyperfine Interact. 136/137:559–605, 2001). The quadrupole coupling constant for the split resonance was deduced as ∣eqQ/h∣ = 252(3) kHz under the assumption that it has <111> axial symmetry. And furthermore, assuming that the defect atom jumps thermally between the identical defect sites, the activation energy of the jump was deduced as 0.4 ± 0.1 eV.     

Determining the nuclear temperature dependence on source neutron-proton asymmetry in heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energy

In this article, we investigate the dependence of nuclear temperature on emitting source neutron-proton (\begin{document}$ N/Z $\end{document}) asymmetry with light charged particles (LCPs) and intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) generated from intermediate-velocity sources in thirteen reaction systems with different \begin{document}$ N/Z $\end{document} asymmetries, \begin{document}$ ^{64} \rm{Zn} $\end{document} on \begin{document}$ ^{112} \rm{Sn} $\end{document}, and \begin{document}$ ^{70} \rm{Zn} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{64} \rm{Ni} $\end{document} on \begin{document}$ ^{112,124} \rm{Sn} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{58,64} \rm{Ni} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ ^{197} \rm{Au} $\end{document}, and \begin{document}$ ^{232} \rm{Th} $\end{document} at 40 MeV/nucleon. The apparent temperature values of LCPs and IMFs from different systems are deduced from the measured yields using two helium-related and eight carbon-related double isotope ratio thermometers, respectively. Then, the sequential decay effect on the experimental apparent temperature deduction with the double isotope ratio thermometers is quantitatively corrected explicitly with the aid of the quantum statistical model. The present treatment is an improvement compared to our previous studies in which an indirect method was adopted to qualitatively consider the sequential decay effect. A negligible \begin{document}$ N/Z $\end{document} asymmetry dependence of the real temperature after the correction is quantitatively addressed in heavy-ion reactions at the present intermediate energy, where a change of 0.1 units in source \begin{document}$ N/Z $\end{document} asymmetry corresponds to an absolute change in temperature of an order of 0.03 to 0.29 MeV on average for LCPs and IMFs. This conclusion is in close agreement with that inferred qualitatively via the indirect method in our previous studies.     

Two-stage magnetization reversal in exchange biased bilayers

MnF(2)/Fe bilayers exhibit asymmetric magnetization reversal that occurs by coherent rotation on one side of the loop and by nucleation and propagation of domain walls on the other side of the loop. Here, we show by polarized neutron reflectometry, magnetization, and magnetotransport measurements that for samples with good crystalline "quality" the rotation is a two-stage process, due to coherent rotation to a stable state perpendicular to the cooling field direction. The result is remarkably asymmetrically shaped hysteresis loops.     

Significance of the second dip in the ultra-high energy cosmic ray spectrum

A new feature in the spectrum of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) has been announced in the paper by Berezinsky, Gazizov and Kachelrieβ. The ratio of the solution of the exact transport equation to its solution in the continuous energy loss limit shows intriguing features which, according to the Authors, are related to the very nature of the energy loss processes of UHECR: the very sharp second dip predicted at 6.3 × 10¹⁹ eV can be used as an energy calibration point and also as the UHECR mass indicator for big future cosmic ray experiments. In the present paper we would like to advocate that this statement is an overinterpretation. The second dip is a result of an inappropriate approximation used, and thus it cannot help to understand the nature of UHECR in any way.      

Temperature-induced reversal of magnetic interlayer exchange coupling

For epitaxial trilayers of the magnetic rare-earth metals Gd and Tb, exchange coupled through a nonmagnetic Y spacer layer, element-specific hysteresis loops were recorded by the x-ray magneto-optical Kerr effect at the rare-earth M5 thresholds. This allowed us to quantitatively determine the strength of interlayer exchange coupling (IEC). In addition to the expected oscillatory behavior as a function of spacer-layer thickness dY, a temperature-induced sign reversal of IEC was observed for constant dY, arising from magnetization-dependent electron reflectivities at the magnetic interfaces.     

Gluon saturation and baryon stopping in the SPS, RHIC, and LHC energy regions

A new geometrical scaling method with a gluon saturation rapidity limit is proposed to study the gluon saturation feature of the central rapidity region of relativistic nuclear collisions. The net-baryon number is essentially transported by valence quarks that probe the saturation regime in the target by multiple scattering. We take advantage of the gluon saturation model with geometric scaling of the rapidity limit to investigate net baryon distributions, nuclear stopping power and gluon saturation features in the SPS and RHIC energy regions. Predictions for net-baryon rapidity distributions, mean rapidity loss and gluon saturation feature in central Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC are made in this paper.     

Orientation dependence of center baryon density in central 0.52 GeV/n U-U collisions

With a relativistic transport model, We performed simulation for deformed UU collision with vast different orientation at CSR energy area corresponding to the high net-baryon density region in QCD phase diagram. By investigating the centrality and initial collision orientation dependence of the baryon density form, we found that those tip-tip like UU collisions with extended high density phase, which is very important for studying the nuclear EoS of high baryon density matter and the possible end-point of the phase boundary, are those events with small orientations (< 20°) in reaction plane and small impact parameter (< 2.4 fm). We have developed a measurable quantity that allows us to select those most interesting events (i.e. tip-tip like) in the experiment.