Superconducting transition temperatures of the system V1−xTixHy

T_c measurements for V_1?xTi_xH_y show that a decrease in T_c always occurs upon hydrogenation, but with slopes ($\text{?T}{}_{\mathrm{c}}\text{?y}\text{)}{}_{\mathrm{x}}$ that change with x. A phenomenological model is suggested, associating the T_c decrease in most of the range of x to changes in nominal number of conducting electrons and in the volume induced by the hydrogenation. The model roughly accounts for the variations in T_c in the V-rich alloys. It fails to explain the T_c variation at the Ti end.     

Superconducting and magnetic properties of La3−x In Cex

Measurements of the critical temperature, T_c(x), the critical field, H_c2(x,T) and the susceptibility, χ (T), as a function de la concentration, x, in the system La₃₋x Ce_xIn, are compared with the theories of Muller-Hartmann and Zittsrtz, and Abrikosov and Gor'kov. The H_c2(x, T = 0) and χ(T) measurements indicate the appearance of short range antiferromagnetic order around x = 0.04 which is probably responsible for the anomalous behavior of T_c(x).     

Electrical resistivity and the phase transition temperatures of Ti1−xHfxSe2 mixed crystals

The onset temperature of the superlattice T_c developed in the mixed system Ti_1-xHf_xSe₂ is determined from measurements of the electrical resistivity. As x is increased, the onset temperature T_c reaches the maximum around x?0.07 before the superlattice formation is completely suppressed around x?0.35. The functional dependence of T_c(x) can be interpreted by considering TiSe₂ as an excitonic insulator.     

High pressure study of BaPb0.7Bi0.3O3 films

The resistance R, the superconducting transition temperature T_c and the energy gap Δ(T) have been measured on the BaPb_0.7Bi_0.3O₃ films up to 14 kbar. We have found that up to 14 kbar: (1) pressure suppresses T_c and Δ(T) while enhances R, (2) the value of 2Δ(0)/kT_c is 3.8±0.1, independent of pressure, and (3) the Δ(T)/Δ(0) varies with T/T_c in a BCS fashion but only for T/T_c<0.75 and independent of pressure. The results show that BaPb_1?xBi_xO₃ is a weak-coupling superconductor, but fail to provide information about the cause for the high T_c of the compound.     

Searching for key parameter for determining Tc in Fe-based superconductors: Study of P/As substitution in RFe(P,As)(O,F) [R=La and Nd]

We have investigated the relation between the temperature-dependence of resistivity and superconducting transition temperature T_c in RFeP_1−xAs_xO_0.90F_0.10 (x=0-1.0) (R=La and Nd). In contrast to the linear change of the crystal structure with increasing x, the temperature dependence of resistivity and T_c show non-monotonous x-dependence. When the As concentration x is increased, the temperature-dependence of resistivity changes from T² to T-linear, and T_c distinctly increases in all the La compounds and the Nd ones with x<0.60. The results indicate that the substitution of As for P induces the spin fluctuation and resultantly enhances T_c. On the other hand, we could not find any relation between the temperature-dependence of resistivity and T_c in the Nd samples with x>0.60. This may suggest the existence of other parameters for determining T_c besides the antiferromagnetic correlation in this system.     

Superconducting properties of the oxygen vacancy phase of LnBa2Cu3Ox with Ln=Nd,Sm, Eu,Gd, Dy,Ho, Er,Tm and Yb

The temperature dependence of the resistivity for quickly quenched LnBa₂Cu_x ceramics, with with Ln=Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb, has been investigated. It is shown that for the materials LnBa₂Cu₃O_x, with Ln=Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm, the oxygen vacancy phase with T_c=60 K exists, although for the materials with Ln=Nd and Yb the existence of the T_c=60 K phase is not clear. The onset T_c of the T_c=60 K phase changes slightly depending on Ln involved in LnBa₂Cu₃O_x, Analysis of these data includes the determination of the lattice constants of the materials quenched at different temperatures.     

Iron inc-axis oriented thin films of YBa2Cu3O7: A combined cems,SEM, EDX and XRD study

Fullyc-axis oriented thin films of YBa₂(Cu_1?x ⁵⁷Fe _x )₃O₇ on 〈100〉 SrTiO₃ substrate (x=0.15%, 1%, 3%, and 6%) were investigated by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX-analysis), inductiveT _c measurement, and conversion electron Mößbauer spectroscopy (CEMS). For all iron concentrations the films are fullyc-axis oriented and iron is homogeneously distributed in the film. Forx=0.15%, 1%, and 3% thec-axis length is the same as for undoped films, forx=6% it is enlarged. With increasingx the surface of the films, which shows an undulated structure, gets smoother. TheT _c values forx=0.15% and 1% are the same as for the undoped films, forx=3% and 6%T _c is reduced. CEMS spectra for allx values can satisfactorily be fitted with only three quadrupole doubletsA, B, andC, but with different relative intensities for differentx values. The quadrupole splitting of doubletB decreases with increasingx values. The Debye Waller factor does not change significantly withx.     

Limits of solubility,magnetic properties and electron concentration in Fe3-xTxSi system

The role of the outer electrons on the limits of solubility and bulk magnetic properties of the system Fe_3-xT_xSi (T - Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni) is investigated. A correlation with the magnetic and structural behavior of Fe_1-cSi_c and Fe_1-cAl_c alloys is demonstrated.     

Observation of a transition from BCS to HTSC-like superconductivity in Ba1 − x KxBiO3 single crystals

The temperature dependences of the upper critical field B _c2(T) and surface impedance Z(T) = R(T) + iX(T) have been measured in Ba_{1 ? x} K_xBiO₃ single crystals with transition temperatures 6 ≤ T _c ≤ 32 K (0.6 > x > 0.4). A transition from the BCS to an unusual type of superconductivity has been revealed: B _c2(T) curves of the crystals with T _c > 20 K have positive curvature (as in some HTSCs), and those of the crystals with T _c < 15 K described by the usual Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg (WHH) formula. The R(T) and X(T) dependences of the crystals with T _c ≈ 32 K and T _c ≈ 11 K in the temperature range T ? T _c are linear (as in HTSCs) and exponential (BCS), respectively. The experimental results are discussed using the extended saddle point model by Abrikosov.     

The Curie temperature of dilute ferromagnetic alloys near the percolation threshold

Upper limit for the Curie temperature T_c(x) of the dilute Heisenberg ferromagnet near percolation threshold is derived. Qualitative arguments are put forward that this limit gives a correct dependence of T_c on the concentration of magnetic atoms x.     

Weakferromagnetism in FexNi1−xS2 (x = 0−0.075)

The effects of nonmagnetic impurities (Fe²⁺ in a low spin state) on the weakferromagnetism in NiS₂ were investigated. The weak-ferromagnetic moment decreases rapidly with Fe content (x) and almost vanishes at about x = 0.05. On the other hand, T_c remains quite constant. Above T_c, two anomalies in the temperature dependence of the susceptibility were observed except for samples with x = 0 and 0.006. The effective magnetic determined from the susceptibility above T_c is about 3 μ_B/Ni, and is independent of x. Discussions are given on the origin of weakferromagnetism and on the hysteresis of the virgin magnetization curve.     

Superconductivity of hydrides Ti3SbHx

The effect of interstitially dissolved hydrogen on the transition temperature T_c of superconductivity has been investigated in cubic A-15 type (Cr₃Si type) hydrides Ti₃SbH_x, 0 ? x ? 2. The transition temperature T_c decreases with increasing hydrogen content x from 5.6 K in Ti₃Sb to 1.0 K in Ti₃SbH_1.0.     

Polarization properties of Li2−x Na x Ge4O9 (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) crystals

The polarization switching in sinusoidal fields and the pyroelectric properties of Li_2?x Na _x Ge₄O₉ (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) crystals are measured in the temperature range T _c ?T ≤ 40 K. The behavior of the P?E hysteresis loops with variations in temperature is investigated for crystals with phase transition temperatures T _c < 300 K and T _c > 300 K. It is shown that, for crystals with phase transition temperatures T _c < 300 K, the temperature dependence of the hysteresis loop exhibits a behavior typical of crystals with second-order phase transitions. The crystals with phase transition temperatures T _c > 300 K are characterized by double hysteresis loops in the temperature range T _c ?T ₁ ≈ 30 K. The correlation between the polarization properties and possible structural transformations of the Li_2?x Na _x Ge₄O₉ crystals due to the change in the concentration ratio of Na and Li ions is discussed.     

Magnetic properties and hydrostatic pressure effect on the curie temperature of (Co,Mn)2B amorphous alloys

The temperature dependence of magnetization and magnetic susceptibility and hydrostatic pressure effect on the Surie temperature (dT_c/dP) are measured for (Co_1-xMn_x)₂B (0?x?0.4) amorphous alloys and the results are compared with those of crystalline compounds with the same composition. The Curie temperature decreases linearly with an increasing Mn content but magnetization shows a maximum around x=0.15. The reciprocal magnetic susceptibility of all the prepared alloys obeys the Curie-Weiss law above T_c. The magnitude of the negative value of dT_c/dP decreases linearly with increasing x from about 1.1 K/kbar (x=0) to zero (x=0.4), the composition dependence of which is opposite to that of the crystalline compound. The composition dependence of the average magnetic moment per transition metal atom and the Curie temperature and dT_c/dP are analysed on the basis of the local environment and the pair order interaction mode, respectively.     

Possible role of oxygen monomers reordering in the photoinduced charge transfer in RBa2Cu3O6+x material

The model of photoassisted oxygen ordering assumes that the enhancement of the conducting properties of RBa₂Cu₃O_6+x material during the light illumination, is the consequence of the CuO_x plane oxygen atoms reordering into long chain fragments, which are known to be better hole dopants than the short ones. Some experimental results suggest that this process is performed mainly through the reaccomodation of the oxygen monomer units (isolated oxygen ions). In the present work concentration of oxygen monomers in the CuO_x planes, which is assumed to be equal to the concentration of holes transferred out of the chain planes during the light illumination, is calculated as a function of oxygen content x, and δT_c (photoinduced enhancement of the superconducting critical temperature T_c) was estimated for different oxygen concentrations. Numerically found values of the δT_c are shown to be in good agreement with experimental findings.     

A neutron small angle scattering study of the onset of ferromagnetism in TiBe2-xCux alloys

The onset of ferromagnetic order in TiBe_2-xCu_x alloys, with x = 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.15, has been examined using the technique of neutron small-angle scattering. The Curie temperature, T_c, for these alloys has been determined from the temperature dependence of the magnetic critical scattering. A linear extrapolation of T_c versus copper concentration yields a critical concentration for ferromagnetic order of x_c = 0.05 ± 0.02. For the alloys with x = 0.4, 0.5 the lineshape of the magnetic critical scattering, at and above T_c, is well explained by the Ornstein-Zernicke form of the spin correlation function. For the lower concentration alloys the exact form of the spin correlation function is still unclear.     

Superconductivity in Sr and Co co-doped PrFeAsO

Polycrystalline Sr and Co co-doped superconducting oxypnictides Pr_1−ySr_yFe_1−xCo_xAsO were synthesized by solid state reaction method, and superconductivity was investigated by measuring resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and thermopower. In the PrFe_1−xCo_xAsO samples with only Co doping, T_c reaches a maximum of 16 K at x=0.075-0.1, and the variation of T_c with Co content (x) is dome-shaped, consistent with the other Co-doped 1 1 1 1 phase systems such as LaFe_1−xCo_xAsO and SmFe_1−xCo_xAsO. In the Co and Sr co-doped Pr_0.8Sr_0.2Fe_1−xCo_xAsO system, T_c reaches a maximum of about 16 K at x=0.15, and the T_c‐x dome shifts to higher Co content in the phase diagram of T_c versus Co content (x). Our result indicates that Sr doping effectively induces hole-type charge carriers in the PrFeAsO system and the disorder caused by Sr and Co dopants has little effect on T_c. The thermopower data confirms that Sr dopant is hole-type and Co dopant is electron-type. The shift of T_c‐x dome to higher Co content caused by Sr doping implies that the Sr dopant can compensate for the Co doping effect. The results suggest that there could be a universal dependence of T_c on charge carrier density in both hole-type and electron-type oxypnictide superconductors.     

Superconducting transition parameters in aluminum-lithium alloys (0-10 at.% Li)

The superconducting transition temperatures T_c of face-centered cubic Al_1−x-Li_x alloys (x=0-0.10) exhibit a minimum near x=0.03 (3 at.% Li). The McMillan strong-coupling T_c equation yields a similar trend of the electron-phonon coupling constant λ. Meanwhile, the density of states at the Fermi level N(0) decreases monotonically with increasing x. It appears that T_c drops initially due to a reduced N(0), which is then overtaken by alloying-enhanced factors of phonon or electron-phonon interaction.     

Phase transition and dielectric properties of Li2-x NaxGe4O9 crystals (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.3)

The dielectric nonlinearity of ferroelectric Li_2-x Na_xGe₄O₉ crystals (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) is measured in the region of the phase transition temperatures. The ?(T) dependences for various values of the applied dc electric field E ₌ and the ?(E ₌)_T dependences at a constant temperature are studied in the Li_2-x Na_xGe₄O₉ crystals with T _c > 300 K and T _c < 300 K. It is shown that the Landau theory for second-order phase transitions describes the dielectric properties of the crystals with T _c < 300 K and does not describe the behavior of the crystals with T _c > 300 K. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that the different properties of the crystals with T _c > 300 K are likely to be related to the changed structure of these crystals caused by a change in the ratio between the Li and Na atoms.     

High-pressure synthesis of superconducting Nb1−xB2 (x=0–0.48) with the maximum Tc=9.2 K

Superconductivity with T_c above 9 K was found in metal-deficient NbB₂ prepared under 5 GPa, while no clear superconductivity was observed down to 3 K in stoichiometric NbB₂. The superconductivity was observed above x=0.04 in Nb_1−xB₂, and the lattice parameters also changed abruptly at x=0.04. As x increased, the transition temperature T_c slightly rose and fell with the maximum value of 9.2 K at x=0.24 for the samples sintered at 5 GPa and 1200 °C. The T_c-value changed in the range from 7 to 9 K, depending on the sintering pressure. A series of Ta_1−xB₂ (0⩽x⩽0.24) was also synthesized under high pressure to examine a special effect of high-pressure synthesis.