Tough Ramsey Graphs Without Short Cycles

A graph G is t-tough if any induced subgraph of it with x > 1 connected components is obtained from G by deleting at least tx vertices. It is shown that for every t and g there are t-tough graphs of girth strictly greater than g. This strengthens a recent result of Bauer, van den Heuvel and Schmeichel who proved the above for g = 3, and hence disproves in a strong sense a conjecture of Chvátal that there exists an absolute constant t ₀ so that every t ₀-tough graph is pancyclic. The proof is by an explicit construction based on the tight relationship between the spectral properties of a regular graph and its expansion properties. A similar technique provides a simple construction of triangle-free graphs with independence number m on (m ^4/3) vertices, improving previously known explicit constructions by Erdös and by Chung, Cleve and Dagum.     

Acyclic Edge Coloring of Planar Graphs Without Small Cycles

A proper edge coloring of a graph G is called acyclic if there is no 2-colored cycle in G. The acyclic edge chromatic number of G, denoted by a′(G), is the least number of colors in an acyclic edge coloring of G. Alon et al. conjectured that a′(G) ≤ Δ(G) + 2 for any graphs. In this paper, it is shown that the conjecture holds for planar graphs without 4- and 5-cycles or without 4- and 6-cycles.     

Homology Cycles and Dependent Cycles of Hypergraphs

In this paper, some new concepts for hypergraphs are introduced. Based on the previous results, we do further research on cycle structures of hypergraphs and construct a more strictly complete cycle structure system of hypergraphs.     

混合超图的染色理论

混合超图是含有两种超边的超图，一种称为D-超边，一种称为C-超边，它们的区别主要体现在染色要求上．混合超图的染色，要求每-D-超边至少有两个点染不同的颜色，每一C-超边至少有两个点染相同的颜色．用颜色最多的染色所用的颜色数称为该混合超图的上色数，用颜色最少的染色所用的颜色数称为该混合超图的下色数．混合超图的染色理论是目前国际组合学界比较新的研究课题之一．本文主要概括介绍关于混合超图染色理论已经取得的一些成果，其中包含本文作者的研究成果．并提出了一些可供进一步研究的问题．     

A Note on Generalized Lagrangians of Non-uniform Hypergraphs

Set \(A\subset {\mathbb N}\) is less than \(B\subset {\mathbb N}\) in the colex ordering if m a x(A△B)∈B. In 1980’s, Frankl and Füredi conjectured that the r-uniform graph with m edges consisting of the first m sets of \({\mathbb N}^{(r)}\) in the colex ordering has the largest Lagrangian among all r-uniform graphs with m edges. A result of Motzkin and Straus implies that this conjecture is true for r=2. This conjecture seems to be challenging even for r=3. For a hypergraph H=(V,E), the set T(H)={|e|:e∈E} is called the edge type of H. In this paper, we study non-uniform hypergraphs and define L(H) a generalized Lagrangian of a non-uniform hypergraph H in which edges of different types have different weights. We study the following two questions: 1. Let H be a hypergraph with m edges and edge type T. Let C _m,T denote the hypergraph with edge type T and m edges formed by taking the first m sets with cardinality in T in the colex ordering. Does L(H)≤L(C _m,T ) hold? If T={r}, then this question is the question by Frankl and Füredi. 2. Given a hypergraph H, find a minimum subhypergraph G of H such that L(G) = L(H). A result of Motzkin and Straus gave a complete answer to both questions if H is a graph. In this paper, we give a complete answer to both questions for {1,2}-hypergraphs. Regarding the first question, we give a result for {1,r ₁,r ₂,…,r _l }-hypergraph. We also show the connection between the generalized Lagrangian of {1,r ₁,r ₂,? ,r _l }-hypergraphs and {r ₁,r ₂,? ,r _l }-hypergraphs concerning the second question.     

On Extremal Hypergraphs for Hamiltonian Cycles

We study sufficient conditions for Hamiltonian cycles in hypergraphs and obtain both Turán- and Dirac-type results. While the Turán-type result gives an exact threshold for the appearance of a Hamiltonian cycle in a hypergraph depending only on the extremal number of a certain path, the Dirac-type result yields just a sufficient condition relying solely on the minimum vertex degree.     

线性超图的边染色

超图$H$的一个$k$-边染色是用$k$种颜色的边染色, 使得相交的边染不同的颜色. Erd\H{o}s-Faber-Lov\''asz猜想认为任一$n$个顶点的无环线性超图都有一个$n$-边染色. 2021年, Kang, Kelly, K\"uhn, Methuku和Osthus对充分大的$n$确认了该猜想成立. 在本文中, 我们证明该猜想对弱冲突的超图是成立的. 这严格拓展了Bretto, Faisant 和Hennecart在2020年的两个相关结果.     

完全3-一致超图的圈分解

The problem of decomposing a complete 3-uniform hypergraph into Hamilton cycles was introduced by Bailey and Stevens using a generalization of Hamiltonian chain to uniform hypergraphs by Katona and Kierstead. Decomposing the complete 3-uniform hypergraphs K_n~(3) into k-cycles(3 ≤ k n) was then considered by Meszka and Rosa. This study investigates this problem using a difference pattern of combinatorics and shows that K_(n·5m)~(3) can be decomposed into 5-cycles for n ∈{5, 7, 10, 11, 16, 17, 20, 22, 26} using computer programming.     

Long Monochromatic Berge Cycles in Colored 4-Uniform Hypergraphs

Here we prove that for n ≥ 140, in every 3-coloring of the edges of K_n⁽⁴⁾{K_n^{(4)}} there is a monochromatic Berge cycle of length at least n − 10. This result sharpens an asymptotic result obtained earlier. Another result is that for n ≥ 15, in every 2-coloring of the edges of K_n⁽⁴⁾{K_n^{(4)}} there is a 3-tight Berge cycle of length at least n − 10.     

Efficiently Recognizing the P 4-Structure of Trees and of Bipartite Graphs Without Short Cycles

A 4-uniform hypergraph represents the P ₄-structure of a graph G if its hyperedges are the vertex sets of the P ₄'s in G. By using the weighted 2-section graph of the hypergraph we propose a simple efficient algorithm to decide whether a given 4-uniform hypergraph represents the P ₄-structure of a bipartite graph without 4-cycle and 6-cycle. For trees, our algorithm is different from that given by G. Ding and has a better running time namely O(n ²) where n is the number of vertices. Revised: February 18, 1998     

Path Separation by Short Cycles

Two Hamilton paths in are separated by a cycle of length k if their union contains such a cycle. For we bound the asymptotics of the maximum cardinality of a family of Hamilton paths in such that any pair of paths in the family is separated by a cycle of length k. We also deal with related problems, including directed Hamilton paths.     

Linear Coloring of Planar Graphs Without 4-Cycles

A proper vertex coloring of a graph G is linear if the graph induced by the vertices of any two color classes is the union of vertex-disjoint paths. The linear chromatic number lc(G) of G is the smallest number of colors in a linear coloring of G. In this paper, we prove that if G is a planar graph without 4-cycles, then lc ${(G)\le \lceil \frac {\Delta}2\rceil+8}$ , where Δ denotes the maximum degree of G.     

Domination Number of Graphs Without Small Cycles

It has been shown (J. Harant and D. Rautenbach, Domination in bipartite graphs. Discrete Math. 309:113–122, 2009) that the domination number of a graph of order n and minimum degree at least 2 that does not contain cycles of length 4, 5, 7, 10 nor 13 is at most \frac3n8{\frac{3n}{8}}. They believed that the assumption that the graphs do not contain cycles of length 10 might be replaced by the exclusion of finitely many exceptional graphs. In this paper, we positively answer that if G is a connected graph of order n and minimum degree at least 2 that does not contain cycles of length 4, 5 nor 7 and is not one of three exceptional graphs, then the domination number of G is at most \frac3n8{\frac{3n}{8}}.     

路与圈图的联图的均匀强边染色

For a proper edge coloring c of a graph G,if the sets of colors of adjacent vertices are distinct,the edge coloring c is called an adjacent strong edge coloring of G.Let c i be the number of edges colored by i.If |c i c j | ≤ 1 for any two colors i and j,then c is an equitable edge coloring of G.The coloring c is an equitable adjacent strong edge coloring of G if it is both adjacent strong edge coloring and equitable edge coloring.The least number of colors of such a coloring c is called the equitable adjacent strong chromatic index of G.In this paper,we determine the equitable adjacent strong chromatic index of the joins of paths and cycles.Precisely,we show that the equitable adjacent strong chromatic index of the joins of paths and cycles is equal to the maximum degree plus one or two.     

Decomposing Various Graphs into Short Even-Length Cycles

We prove that a complete bipartite graph can be decomposed into cycles of arbitrary specified lengths provided that the obvious necessary conditions are satisfied, the length of each cycle is at most the size of the smallest part, and the longest cycle is at most three times as long as the second longest. We then use this result to obtain results on incomplete even cycle systems with a hole and on decompositions of complete multipartite graphs into cycles of uniform even length.     

Ford-Fulkerson算法与嵌入图中的短圈

关于嵌入图中最短圈的多项式算法的存在性问题,是由Thomassen最早提出的.本文通过改进的Ford-Fulkerson算法,可以得到最短割算法.另一方面,通过定义嵌入图的几何对偶图及其相应的嵌入系统,得到几何对偶图中的可分离圈就对应于原图中的割;反之,若几何对偶图中的割在原图中对应于-个圈,那么该圈一定可分离.从而在射影平面上解决了Mohar与Thomassen关于是否存在多项式算法寻找短圈的问题.对于-般曲面上嵌入图,只要它的面宽度充分大,那么同样有多项式算法发现最短可收缩圈.     

短圈并图的列表极值数(英文)

The list extremM number,f(G) is defined for a graph G as the smallest integer k such that the join of G with a stable set of size k is not |V(G)|-choosable.In this paper,we find the exact value of f (G),where G is the union ofedge-disjoint cycles of length three,four,five and six.Our results confirm two conjectures posed by S.Gravier,F.Matfray and B.Mohar.