Electron gun system for NSC KIPT linac

In the NSC KIPT linac, a neutron source based on a subcritical assembly driven by a 100 MeV/100 kW electron linear accelerator is under design and development. The linear accelerator needs a new high current electron gun. In this paper, the physical design, mechanical fabrication and beam test of this new electron gun are described.The emission current is designed to be higher than 2 A for the pulse width of 3 μs with repetition rate of 50 Hz.The gun will operate with a DC high voltage power supply that can provide a high voltage up to 150 kV. Computer simulations and optimizations have been carried out in the design stage, including the gun geometry and beam transport line. The test results of high voltage conditioning and beam test are presented. The operation status of the electron gun system is also included. The basic test results show that the design, manufacture, and operation of the new electron system are basically successful.     

Introduction to the overall physics design of CSNS accelerators

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is an accelerator-based facility. The accelerator of CSNS consists of a low energy linac, a Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) and two beam transport lines. The overall physics design of CSNS accelerator is described, including the design principle, the choice of the main parameters and design of each part of accelerators. The key problems of the physics design, such as beam loss and control, are also discussed. The interface between the different parts of accelerator, as well as between accelerator and target, are introduced.     

Physical design and cooling test of C-band standing wave accelerating tube

The physical design and cooling test of a C-band 2MeV standing wave (SW) accelerating tube are described in this paper. The designed accelerating structure consists of 3-cell buncher and 4-cell accelerating section with a total length of about 163mm,excited with 1MW magnetron. Dynamic simulation presents that about 150mA beam pulse current and 30{\%} capture efficiency can be achieved. By means of nonlinear Gauss fit on electron transverse distribution, the diameter of beam spot FWHM (full width at half maximum of density distribution) is about 0.55mm. Cooling test results of the accelerating tube show that frequencies of cavities are tuned to 5527MHz and the field distribution of bunching section is about 3:9:10.     

RF measurements of a C-band cavity beam position monitor

RF cold test of a novel C-band cavity beam position monitor (PBM) to be used in the SDUV-FEL Test Facility is described. The test results are presented and some characteristics discussed. The main parameters obtained are in reasonable agreement with the analytical estimations. Effective suppression of the common mode has been demonstrated. The position sensitivity over the test region of ±0.5 mm is about －21.58 dB/10 μm for the TM₁₁₀ mode and is linear in the central region of the BPM cavity.     

Design and performance of a video-based laser beam automatic alignment system

A laser alignment system is applied to a high power laser facility for inertial confinement fusion. A design of the automated, close-loop laser beam alignment system is described. Its function is to sense beam alignment errors in a laser beam transport system and automatically steer mirrors preceding the sensor location as required to maintain beam alignment. The laser beam is sampled by a sensor package, which uses video cameras to sense pointing and centering errors. The camera outputs are fed to a personal computer, which includes video digitizers and uses image storage and software to sense the centroid of the image. Signals are sent through the computer to a stepper motor controller, which drives stepper motors on mirror mounts preceding the beam sampling location to return the beam alignment to the prescribed condition. Its optical principles and key techniques are given. The pointing and centering sensitivities of the beam alignment sensor package are analyzed. The system has been verified on the     

Design and test of the microwave cavity in an optically-pumped Rubidium beam frequency standard

We are developing a compact rubidium atomic beam frequency standard with optical pumping and detection.The cavity for microwave interrogation is an important part of the clock.The cavity in our design is a Ramsey-type,E-bend one,which is the same as the conventional method in most cesium beam clocks.Requirements for the design are proposed based on the frequency shift associated with the cavity.The basic structure of the cavity is given by theoretical analysis and detailed dimensions are determined by means of electromagnetic field simulation with the help of commercial software.The cavity is manufactured and fabricated successfully.The preliminary test result of the cavity is given,which is in good agreement with the simulation.The resonant frequency is 6.835 GHz,equal to the clock transition frequency of87Rb,and the loaded quality factor is 500.These values are adjustable with posts outside the cavity.Estimations on the Ramsey line width and several frequency shifts are made.     

Design Consideration of 650-MHz Circular Electron-Positron Collider Klystron and Simulation of Its Beam Tester

We present the first phase RD for the 800 kW cw, 650 MHz klystron for the future circular electron-positron collider(CEPC) project in China. The CEPC requires 192 klystrons and it is desired to be designed in the Institute of High Energy Physics,CAS, and manufactured domestically. Therefore,we present the manufacturing schedule of this project; the three-stage development from the beam test tube to the klystron having a high efficiency structure. Design of the beam test tube that comprises electron gun and collector is presented. First, gun simulation having a modulating anode is performed using DGUN software. The uniform beam trajectories with a beam perveance of 0.64 μA/V~(3/2) are simulated. We employ a Ba-dispenser cathode of radius 35 mm with φ10 hole at the center and obtain a current density on cathode less than 0.45 A/cm~2. The beam trajectories are also simulated over beam test tube of length about 2 m with a magnetic field of 213 Gauss. Thermal analysis of the collector is performed using the ANSIS-CFX code and hence the cooling structure is determined. Mechanical design is almost carried out and it is in manufacturing stage.     

Low beta spoke cavity multipacting analysis

The simulation and analysis for electron multipacting phenomenon in a low β spoke superconducting cavity in ADS proton accelerator are proposed. Using both CST and Track3P codes, the electron multipacting calculation for β=0.12 spoke superconducting cavity is implemented. The methods of multipacting calculation on both codes are studied and described. With the comparison between the calculation results and the cavity vertical test result, the accuracy and reliability of different codes on calculating multipacting are analyzed. Multipacting calculation can help to understand the results of vertical test and also can help to do the optimization in cavity design.     

Quality control and database on resistive plate chambers for the BESⅢ experiment

The chamber production and installation of the BESⅢ MUON identifier system have been finished. The cosmic ray test result after installation shows that the average efficiency is bigger than 95% and can meet the requirement of the design report. A database including all the chamber parameters and performance data has been constructed and is accessible online. The quality control procedures during the production and the database are described.     

Power test of the separated function RFQ accelerator

The progress of the Separated Function RFQ (SFRFQ) accelerator, which can raise the field gradient of acceleration while maintaining the transverse focusing power sufficient for high current beam, is presented. In order to demonstrate the feasibilities of the novel accelerator, a prototype cavity was designed and constructed. Correspondingly, a code SFRFQCODEV1.0 was developed specially for cavity design and beam dynamics simulation. The prototype cavity will be verified as a post-accelerator for ISR RFQ-1000 (Integral Split Ring RFQ) and accelerate O+ from 1 MeV to 1.6 MeV. To inject a higher current oxygen beam for the prototype cavity, the beam current of ISR RFQ-1000 was upgraded to 2 mA. The status of high power and beam test preparation for the prototype cavity are presented in this paper.     

Capacitive beam position monitors for the low-β beam of the Chinese ADS proton linac

Beam Position Monitors(BPMs) for the low-β beam of the Chinese Accelerator Driven Subcritical system(CADS) Proton linac are of the capacitive pick-up type.They provide higher output signals than that of the inductive type.This paper will describe the design and tests of the capacitive BPM system for the low-β proton linac,including the pick-ups,the test bench and the read-out electronics.The tests done with an actual proton beam show a good agreement between the measurements and the simulations in the time domain.     

Design studies on the ERL-FEL test facility at IHEP, Beijing

A proposed compact ERL test facility at IHEP, Beijing, is presented in this paper, and includes the design parameters, the essential lattice, and the key components features, such as the photocathode DC gun and the CW superconducting accelerating structures. Some important beam physics issues such as the space charge effect, the coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) effect and the beam break-up (BBU) effect are briefly described with the simulation results.     

DESIGN OF SF—10 COMPOUND—BAR TRANSDUCER AND THEIR APPLICATION TO CYLINDRICAL ARRAY FOR DEEP-OCEAN OPERATION

This paper presents the design of the compound-bar transducer in which the usual central pre-stressed bar is replaced by the external prestressed tube and an unidirectional projector without baffleis obtained.This structure is shown to provide a good deep-water seal therefore it may be appliedto some arrays for deep-ocean operation.The construction and the test results of a cylindrical arrayfor deep-ocean operation are described in detail.     

Investigation of intense sheet electron beam transport using the macroscopic cold-fluid model and the single-particle orbit theory

The focusing and the stable transport of an intense elliptic sheet electron beam in a uniform magnetic field are investigated thoroughly by using the macroscopic cold-fluid model and the single-particle orbit theory.The results indicate that the envelopes and the tilted angles of the sheet electron beam obtained by the two theories are consistent.The single-particle orbit theory is more accurate due to its treatment of the space-charge fields in a rectangular drift tube.The macroscopic cold-fluid model describes the collective transport process in order to provide detailed information about the beam dynamics,such as beam shape,density,and velocity profile.The tilt of the elliptic sheet beam in a uniform magnetic field is carefully studied and demonstrated.The results presented in this paper provide two complete theories for systemically discussing the transport of the sheet beam and are useful for understanding and guiding the practical engineering design of electron optics systems in high power vacuum electronic devices.     

Design and test of frequency tuner for a CAEP high power THz free-electron laser

Peking University is developing a 1.3 GHz superconducting accelerating section highpower THz freeelectron laser for the China Academy of Engineering Physics(CAEP). A compact fast/slow tuner has been developed by the Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP) for the accelerating section to control Lorentz detuning, compensate for beam loading effect, microphonics and liquid helium pressure fluctuations. The tuner design, warm test and cold test of the first prototype are presented, which has a guiding significance for the manufacture of the formal tuner and cryomodule assembly.     

Study on space charge effects of the CSNS/RCS

The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) is a key component of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The space charge effect is one of the most important issues in the CSNS/RCS, which limits the maximum beam intensity, as well as the maximum beam power. Space charge effects are the main source of emittance growth and beam loss in the RCS. Space charge effects have been studied by simulation for the CSNS/RCS. By optimizing the painting orbit, the optimized painting distribution was obtained. The space charge effects during the acceleration are studied and dangerous resonances, which may induce emittance growth and beam loss, are investigated. The results are an important reference for the design and commissioning of the CSNS/RCS.     

Comparison of GEANT4 Simulations with Testbeam Data and GEANT3 for the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter

We present several comparisons of GEANT4 simulations with test beam data and GEANT3 simulations for different liquid argon(LAr) calorimeters of the ATLAS detector,All relevant parts of the test beam setup(scintilators,multi wire proportional chambers,cryostat etc.)are described in GEANT4 as well as in GEANT3.Muon and electron data at different energies have been compared with Monte Carlo prediction.     

Beam collimation for CSNS/RCS

The current design of the CSNS/RCS beam collimation system consists of a two-stage betatron collimation and a single momentum collimator. This paper summarizes various aspects of collimator design, including collimation principle and layout, material choice and collimator mechanical structure, etc. At last, radiation and thermal analysis are carried out to illustrate the feasibility of the current beam collimation scheme.     

Study on the RF performance of 2-cell superconducting cavity

The physical design of the 2-cell superconducting cavity is presented. The RF parameters of the cavity and HOMs （high order modes） are reported. In this paper, we put the emphasis on the analysis of the HOMs and interaction between beam and cavity.     

Design and fabrication of the star coupler based on SOI material

A 1×25 star coupler is designed through calculation and beam propagation method (BPM) simulation. Improvement methods are focused on the design of the tapered waveguides in the device, improving the uniformity of the output light power of the star coupler. Utilizing the conventional Si process technology, the device is fabricated based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material. The test result shows that the star coupler has a perfect function of power splitting.