双原子Jaynes-Cummings模型下的量子失协和超量子失协

在量子信息的研究中,量子关联起着至关重要的作用,而弱测量对揭示量子关联有重要作用.在双原子Jaynes-Cummings(JC)模型下,分析了量子失协和超量子失协两种量子关联随时间演化过程中的差异性,以及测量强度参数、平均光子数在决定量子关联和影响其动态演化的一般作用.结果表明,弱测量可以更好地揭示量子关联,不仅可以更好地揭示量子关联的复活,还可以获得更大的关联最大值;平均光子数会有效影响两种关联的消失与复活,平均光子数越大,量子关联的消失与复活越快;平均光子数较大时,使用旋波近似得到的弱测量下的超量子失协比强测量下的量子失协与实际误差更小.     

Geometric measure of quantum discord over two-sided projective measurements

The original definition of quantum discord of bipartite states was defined over one-sided projective measurements, it describes quantum correlations more extensively than entanglement. Dakic, Vedral, and Brukner [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010) 190502] introduced a geometric measure of quantum discord, Luo and Fu [Phys. Rev. A 82 (2010) 034302] simplified the variation expression of this geometric measure. In this Letter we introduce a geometric measure of quantum discord over two-sided projective measurements. A simplified expression and a lower bound of this two-sided geometric measure are derived and explicit expressions are obtained for some special cases.     

Quantum discord in non-Markovian environments

The quantum discord dynamics of two qubits in two independent non-Markovian reservoirs has been investigated. On the condition of resonant interactions, the result shows that the quantum discord has the phenomenon of “revival”. What is more, even in the region where the entanglement is zero, the quantum discord still can reveal the quantum correlations between the two qubits. Considering the detuning, it is interesting to note that the quantum discord can be preserved when the non-Markovian and the detuning conditions are satisfied simultaneously. Finally, an intuitive physical interpretation has been given by the quasimode approach.     

具有三体相互作用海森堡自旋链模型的纠缠与几何失协

近年来有研究发现量子失协可以度量非纠缠的量子关联,而且非纠缠的量子关联在量子通信和量子计算中起到很重要的作用.本文研究了磁场,两种三体相互作用,各向异性参数,耦合常数,温度等参数对同时具有两种三体相互作用海森堡XXZ自旋链系统的量子纠缠,几何失协的影响以及与量子相变的关系.研究表明:量子纠缠和几何失协都可以清晰的表征本模型系统的量子相变现象;随着XZX+YZY型三体相互作用的增加量子纠缠和几何失协即使在高温时也可达到最大值;几何失协比量子纠缠更全面地描述了量子关联;XZY-YZX型三体相互作用的增加对量子纠缠有抑制作用;XZY-YZX型三体相互作用在一定区域内的增加对几何失协有抑制作用,在另一区域的增加可使几何失协增大到一个稳定的非零值.增大磁场和自旋耦合常数,减小各向异性参数会使纠缠的临界温度变大;调节自旋耦合常数可更有效的使量子纠缠和几何失协在高温时仍有一个较大的值.同时发现,在磁场0B5和各向异性参数-1J_Z10的区域两种量子关联都可以维持在最大值.     

Quantum correlation cost of the weak measurement

Quantum correlation cost (QCC) characterizing how much quantum correlation is used in a weak-measurement process is presented based on the trace norm. It is shown that the QCC is related to the trace-norm-based quantum discord (TQD) by only a factor that is determined by the strength of the weak measurement, so it only catches partial quantumness of a quantum system compared with the TQD. We also find that the residual quantumness can be ‘extracted’ not only by the further von Neumann measurement, but also by a sequence of infinitesimal weak measurements. As an example, we demonstrate our outcomes by the Bell-diagonal state.     

具有三体相互作用海森堡自旋链模型的纠缠与几何失协

近年来有研究发现量子失协可以度量非纠缠的量子关联,而且非纠缠的量子关联在量子通信和量子计算中起到很重要的作用.研究了磁场,两种三体相互作用,各向异性参数,耦合常数,温度等参数对同时具有两种三体相互作用海森堡XXZ自旋链系统的量子纠缠,几何失协的影响以及与量子相变的关系.研究表明:量子纠缠和几何失协都可以清晰的表征本模型系统的量子相变现象; 随着XZX+YZY型三体相互作用的增加量子纠缠和几何失协即使在高温时也可达到最大值;几何失协比量子纠缠更全面地描述了量子关联; XZY-YZX型三体相互作用的增加对量子纠缠有抑制作用;XZY-YZX型三体相互作用在一定区域内的增加对几何失协有抑制作用,在另一区域的增加可使几何失协增大到一个稳定的非零值。增大磁场和自旋耦合常数,减小各向异性参数会使纠缠的临界温度变大; 调节自旋耦合常数可更有效的使量子纠缠和几何失协在高温时仍有一个较大的值.同时发现,在磁场 和各向异性参数 的区域两种量子关联都可以维持在最大值.     

压缩真空态中原子与场的量子纠缠和量子discord

在压缩真空库中,研究了原子与场的相互作用下二比特体系的量子discord和量子纠缠的动力学行为.重点分析了原子的初始态系数和压缩真空库的压缩系数对量子纠缠和量子discord的影响.通过数值分析我们得到,随着原子的初始态系数和压缩真空库的压缩系数值的增加,量子纠缠和量子discord都会减小,但量子纠缠比量子discord减小的更快一些.最后研究了在原子的初始态系数和压缩真空库的压缩系数的值相同的情况下,量子discord比量子纠缠存在的时间更长些.     

Enhancing teleportation fidelity by means of weak measurements or reversal

The enhancement of teleportation fidelity by weak measurement or quantum measurement reversal is investigated. One qubit of a maximally entangled state undergoes the amplitude damping, and the subsequent application of weak measurement or quantum measurement reversal could improve the teleportation fidelity beyond the classical region. The improvement could not be attributed to the increasing of entanglement, quantum discord, classical correlation or total correlation. We declare that it should be owed to the probabilistic nature of the method.     

Quantum discord and classical correlation signatures of mobility edges in one-dimensional aperiodic single-electron systems

We investigate numerically the quantum discord and the classical correlation in a one-dimensional slowly varying potential model and a one-dimensional Soukoulis–Economou ones, respectively. There are well-defined mobility edges in the slowly varying potential model, while there are discrepancies on mobility edges in the Soukoulis–Economou ones. In the slowly varying potential model, we find that extended and localized states can be distinguished by both the quantum discord and the classical correlation. There are sharp transitions in the quantum discord and the classical correlation at mobility edges. Based on these, we study “mobility edges” in the Soukoulis–Economou model using the quantum discord and the classical correlation, which gives another perspectives for these “mobility edges”. All these provide us good quantities, i.e., the quantum discord and the classical correlation, to reflect mobility edges in these one-dimensional aperiodic single-electron systems. Moreover, our studies propose a consistent interpretation of the discrepancies between previous numerical results about the Soukoulis–Economou model.     

Geometric measure of quantum discord in non-Markovian environments

We study the dynamics of geometric measure of quantum discord between two non-interacting qubits each immersed in its own non-Markovian environment with a spectal distribution representing the electromagnetic field inside off-resonant high-Q cavity. We compared the dynamics of geometric measure of quantum discord with quantum discord for an initial Werner-like state and conclude three important findings. First, when there is an instantaneous disappearance in the dynamics of quantum discord at some timepoints, there is a disappearance in geometric measure of quantum discord, but not instantly. Second, the sudden change in the decay rate of geometric measure of quantum discord might not imply the sudden change in the decay rate of the dynamics of quantum discord. Third, there is a preservation for a long time in both quantum discord and geometric measure of quantum discord when the detuning and non-Markovian conditions are simultaneously satisfied.     

Dynamics of quantum discord in the purification process

We investigate the dynamics of quantum discord during the purification process. In the case of Werner states, it is shown that quantum discord is increased after a round of purification protocol. Furthermore, quantum mutual information and classical correlation is also increased during this process. We also give an analytic expression for a class of higher dimensional states which have additive quantum discord.     

Quantum Cheshire cats and their elements of reality

Quantum Cheshire cats represent the violation of the product rule in terms of weak values being either 0 or 1. We explore the generalized fatter quantum Cheshire cats living in the larger Hilbert spaces. Specifically, two even-dimensional quantum systems are exploited. As for the physical implications, given that no disturbance is made in the weak measurements, quantum Cheshire cats reveal an alternative way of defying EPR elements of reality. In addition, we discuss the inconsistency between the Wigner's friend problem and quantum Cheshire cats.     

Quantum state nonclassicality in weak measurements in view of Bochner's criteria

We introduce a new formulation of nonclassicality in weak measurements based on probabilistic behavior of “quasi-moments” of a weakly measured observable. New definition determines existence of classical probabilistic interpretation and can be applied equally to quantum systems without classical counterpart in the usual sense. We show that the only consistent approach to define classicality in weak measurements should be based on the proper behavior of “quasi-moments” according to Bochner's theorem.     

Dynamics and protection of tripartite quantum correlations in a thermal bath

We study the dynamics and protection of tripartite quantum correlations in terms of genuinely tripartite concurrence, lower bound of concurrence and tripartite geometric quantum discord in a three-qubit system interacting with independent thermal bath. By comparing the dynamics of entanglement with that of quantum discord for initial GHZ state and W state, we find that W state is more robust than GHZ state, and quantum discord performs better than entanglement against the decoherence induced by the thermal bath. When the bath temperature is low, for the initial GHZ state, combining weak measurement and measurement reversal is necessary for a successful protection of quantum correlations. But for the initial W state, the protection depends solely upon the measurement reversal. In addition, the protection cannot usually be realized irrespective of the initial states as the bath temperature increases.     

Long-range quantum discord in critical spin systems

We show that quantum correlations as quantified by quantum discord can characterize quantum phase transitions by exhibiting nontrivial long-range decay as a function of distance in spin systems. This is rather different from the behavior of pairwise entanglement, which is typically short-ranged even in critical systems. In particular, we find a clear change in the decay rate of quantum discord as the system crosses a quantum critical point. We illustrate this phenomenon for first-order, second-order, and infinite-order quantum phase transitions, indicating that pairwise quantum discord is an appealing quantum correlation function for condensed matter systems.     

Purified discord and multipartite entanglement

We study bipartite quantum discord as a manifestation of a multipartite entanglement structure in the tripartite purified system. In particular, we find that bipartite quantum discord requires the presence of both bipartite and tripartite entanglement in the purification. This allows one to understand the asymmetry of quantum discord, D(A,B)≠D(B,A)$D(A,B)\ne D(B,A)$ in terms of entanglement monogamy. As instructive special cases, we study discord for qubits and Gaussian states in detail. As a result of this we shed new light on a counterintuitive property of Gaussian states: the presence of classical correlations necessarily requires the presence of quantum correlations. Finally, our results also shed new light on a protocol for remote activation of entanglement by a third party.     

One-norm geometric quantum discord and critical point estimation in the XY spin chain

In contrast with entanglement and quantum discord (QD), we investigate the thermal quantum correlation in terms of Schatten one-norm geometric quantum discord (GQD) in the XY spin chain, and analyze their capabilities in detecting the critical point of quantum phase transition. We show that the one-norm GQD can reveal more properties about quantum correlation between two spins, especially for the long-range quantum correlation at finite temperature. Under the influences of site distance, anisotropy and temperature, one-norm GQD and its first derivative make it possible to detect the critical point efficiently for a general XY spin chain.     

Steady state quantum discord for circularly accelerated atoms

We study, in the framework of open quantum systems, the dynamics of quantum entanglement and quantum discord of two mutually independent circularly accelerated two-level atoms in interaction with a bath of fluctuating massless scalar fields in the Minkowski vacuum. We assume that the two atoms rotate synchronically with their separation perpendicular to the rotating plane. The time evolution of the quantum entanglement and quantum discord of the two-atom system is investigated. For a maximally entangled initial state, the entanglement measured by concurrence diminishes to zero within a finite time, while the quantum discord can either decrease monotonically to an asymptotic value or diminish to zero at first and then followed by a revival depending on whether the initial state is antisymmetric or symmetric. When both of the two atoms are initially excited, the generation of quantum entanglement shows a delayed feature, while quantum discord is created immediately. Remarkably, the quantum discord for such a circularly accelerated two-atom system takes a nonvanishing value in the steady state, and this is distinct from what happens in both the linear acceleration case and the case of static atoms immersed in a thermal bath.