Collectivity of plasmon excitations in small sodium clusters with planar structure

The collectivity of the electronic motion in small sodium clusters with planar structure is studied by the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The formation and development of collective resonances in the absorption spectra were obtained as the function of the size and shape of the plane. We find the symmetry plays an important role in the collective excitation. Resonance peaks increase with the reduction of the symmetries and, on the contrary, resonance peaks decrease with the increase of the symmetries. In the planar cluster, there are two main excitation modes: the higher-energy mode and the competitive mode, which is due to the coupling and competition of the quasi-lower-energy effect and the quasi-higher-energy effect. With the increase of the interatomic distance, peaks of the absorption spectra are all red-shifted and the evolutionary trend is also discussed.     

Effective theory for deformed nuclei

Techniques from effective field theory are applied to nuclear rotation. This approach exploits the spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetry and the separation of scale between low-energy Nambu–Goldstone rotational modes and high-energy vibrational and nucleonic degrees of freedom. A power counting is established and the Hamiltonian is constructed at next-to-leading order.     

A comparative study of optic phonon-like excitations in liquid mixtures and molten salts

We report a study of collective excitations in an equimolar Lennard–Jones liquid mixture KrAr and a molten salt NaCl within the parameter-free generalized collective modes (GCM) approach. It is shown that the high-frequency propagating modes in liquid KrAr and molten NaCl correspond to optic phonon-like excitations, caused by fast mass-concentration (charge in NaCl) fluctuations. Dispersion curves for optic collective excitations are discussed.     

Unconventional interaction between vortices in a polarized Fermi gas

Recently, a homogeneous superfluid state with a single gapless Fermi surface was predicted to be the ground state of an ultracold Fermi gas with spin population imbalance in the regime of molecular Bose-Einstein condensation. We study vortices in this novel state using a symmetry-based effective field theory, which captures the low-energy physics of gapless fermions and superfluid phase fluctuations. This theory is applicable to all spin-imbalanced ultracold Fermi gases in the superfluid regime, regardless of whether the original fermion-pairing interaction is weak or strong. We find a remarkable, unconventional form of the interaction between vortices. The presence of gapless fermions gives rise to a spatially oscillating potential, akin to the RKKY indirect-exchange interaction in non-magnetic metals. We compare the parameters of the effective theory to the experimentally measurable quantities and further discuss the conditions for the verification of the predicted new feature. Our study opens up an interesting question as to the nature of the vortex lattice resulting from the competition between the usual repulsive logarithmic (2D Coulomb) and predominantly attractive fermion-induced interactions.     

Chaotic motion in axially symmetric potentials with oblate quadrupole deformation

By computing the Poincaré?s surfaces of section and Lyapunov exponents, we study the effect of introducing an oblate quadrupole in the dynamics associated with two generic spherical potentials of physical interest: the central monopole and the isotropic harmonic oscillator. In the former case we find saddle points in the effective potential, in contrast to the statements presented by Guéron and Letelier in [E. Guéron, P.S. Letelier, Phys. Rev. E 63 (2001) 035201]. The results we show in the second case have application in nuclear or atomic physics. In particular, we find values of oblate deformation leading to a disappearance of shell structure in the single-particle spectrum.     

Bayesian methods for parameter estimation in effective field theories

We demonstrate and explicate Bayesian methods for fitting the parameters that encode the impact of short-distance physics on observables in effective field theories (EFTs). We use Bayes’ theorem together with the principle of maximum entropy to account for the prior information that these parameters should be natural, i.e., O(1) in appropriate units. Marginalization can then be employed to integrate the resulting probability density function (pdf) over the EFT parameters that are not of specific interest in the fit. We also explore marginalization over the order of the EFT calculation, M, and over the variable, R, that encodes the inherent ambiguity in the notion that these parameters are O(1). This results in a very general formula for the pdf of the EFT parameters of interest given a data set, D. We use this formula and the simpler “augmented χ²” in a toy problem for which we generate pseudo-data. These Bayesian methods, when used in combination with the “naturalness prior”, facilitate reliable extractions of EFT parameters in cases where χ² methods are ambiguous at best. We also examine the problem of extracting the nucleon mass in the chiral limit, M₀, and the nucleon sigma term, from pseudo-data on the nucleon mass as a function of the pion mass. We find that Bayesian techniques can provide reliable information on M₀, even if some of the data points used for the extraction lie outside the region of applicability of the EFT.     

Crystal electric field excitations in ferromagnetic CeTX compounds

A ferromagnetic ground state was identified for the compounds CeCuGe (T_C=10 K), CeCuSi (T_C=15 K) [F. Yang, et al., J. Appl. Phys. 69 (1991) 4705] and CeAuGe (T_C=10 K) [R. Pottgen, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 152 (1996) 196]. The observed saturation magnetic moment values at low temperatures for all three compounds are considerably less than the theoretically expected value g_JJ=2.14μ_B for the free Ce³⁺ ion involving the entire six-fold J=5/2 multiplet, and thus provide a first indication of partial lifting of the f-electron level degeneracy in these compounds. Specific heat data yield crystal electric field (CEF) excitation energies (Δ_Sch) equivalent to 140 K for CeCuGe, 110 K for CeCuSi and 280 K for CeAuGe. To confirm the presence of CEF excitations directly, we have carried out inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements on all three compounds, using the HET spectrometer at ISIS Facility. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the INS spectra of CeCuSi on the basis of a CEF model and the detailed analysis of the INS of the other two compounds will be reported elsewhere.     

Collective excitations of a periodic Bose condensate in the Wannier representation

We study the dispersion relation of the excitations of a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a periodic optical potential and its Bloch oscillations in an accelerated frame. The problem is reduced to one-dimensionality through a renormalization of the s-wave scattering length and the solution of the Bogolubov-de Gennes equations is formulated in terms of the appropriate Wannier functions. Some exact properties of a periodic one-dimensional condensate are easily demonstrated: (i) the lowest band at positive energy refers to phase modulations of the condensate and has a linear dispersion relation near the Brillouin zone centre; (ii) the higher bands arise from the superposition of localized excitations with definite phase relationships; and (iii) the wavenumber-dependent current under a constant force in the semiclassical transport regime vanishes at the zone boundaries. Early results by Slater [Phys. Rev. 87, 807 (1952)] on a soluble problem in electron energy bands are used to specify the conditions under which the Wannier functions may be approximated by on-site tight-binding orbitals of harmonic-oscillator form. In this approximation the connections between the low-lying excitations in a lattice and those in a harmonic well are easily visualized. Analytic results are obtained in the tight-binding scheme and are illustrated with simple numerical calculations for the dispersion relation and semiclassical transport in the lowest energy band, at values of the system parameters which are relevant to experiment. Received 3 December 1999 and Received in final form 22 March 2000     

Collective excitations of a degenerate Fermi vapour in a magnetic trap

We evaluate the small-amplitude excitations of a spin-polarized vapour of Fermi atoms confined inside a harmonic trap. The dispersion law is obtained for the vapour in the collisional regime inside a spherical trap of frequency , with n the number of radial nodes and the orbital angular momentum. The low-energy excitations are also treated in the case of an axially symmetric harmonic confinement. The collisionless regime is discussed with main reference to a Landau-Boltzmann equation for the Wigner distribution function: this equation is solved within a variational approach allowing an account of non-linearities. A comparative discussion of the eigenmodes of oscillation for confined Fermi and Bose vapours is presented in an Appendix. Received 23 February 1999 and Received in final form 21 April 1999     

Evolution of fractal particles in systems with conserved order parameter

Computer simulations of the evolution of fractal aggregates in systems with conserved order parameter are described in this work. The aggregates are generated by diffusion-limited aggregation. This model describes such important processes as annealing of dendrite inclusions in solids, healing of cracks in ceramics, temperature-induced transformations in composites, relaxation of rough surfaces, aging of colloid particles, etc. It is shown that the evolution in fractal media differs significantly from that occurring in initially homogeneous systems and leads to different values of the scaling exponent. A relationship between the fractal dimension, mechanism of relaxation, and scaling exponent was also derived.     

Probing the discrete motion of vortices with rf excitations

In this work we present experimental results on the rectification of vortices in a superconductor/ferromagnet system under a high frequency drive. The two-dimensional pinning landscape, induced by the stray fields of the ferromagnetic template, has no intrinsic asymmetry. Nevertheless, an asymmetric potential is artificially induced by an applied dc bias. The experimental results unambiguously show a biased, discrete motion of the vortices in the periodic potential at frequencies above 10 MHz. This synchronized motion is very sensitive to the external applied field. Increasing temperature leads to a reduction of the pinning potential, which in turn results in a lower ac power needed to drive the vortex lattice.     

The kinetics of phase transition in systems with nonconservative order parameter

The kinetics of ordering in systems described by the nonconservative order parameter is studied near the second-order transition critical point.On leave fromDepartment of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of P. J. afárik, Moyzesova 11, 041 67 Koice, Czechoslovakia.     

The dynamics of disordered systems and the motion of vortices in disordered type-II superconductors

We develop a field theoretical method which permits us to study the dynamics of interacting particles in disordered systems. In particular, making use of a Hartree-type approximation, we obtain a self-consistent system of equations for disorder averaged quantities. The method is first applied to a single particle on a rough surface. Then, we calculate the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of a type-II superconductor in the flux flow regime. Finally, the structure of the steps is discussed which arise in the I-V-characteristics when a small ac field is superimposed on the constant voltage. These may serve as a probe for incipient melting of the vortex lattice.     

Erratum to “Bayesian methods for parameter estimation in effective field theories” [Ann. Phys. 324 (2009) 682–708]

We have discovered an error in the numerical calculations for the extraction of parameters from the nucleon mass “data” presented in Sections 4 and 5 of our paper [M.R. Schindler, D.R. Phillips, Ann. Phys. 324 (2009) 682. Available from: <hep-ph/0808.3643>]. We present the corrected results and discuss the implications. We stress that the material presented in Sections 1–3 of our paper [M.R. Schindler, D.R. Phillips, Ann. Phys. 324 (2009) 682. Available from: <hep-ph/0808.3643>] is unaffected.     

Absence of tricritical behavior of the random field Ising model in a honyecomb lattice

In this letter, we study the behavior of the random field Ising model on a honeycomb lattice by means of the effective field theory. We obtain the phase diagram in the T$T$–H$H$ plane for clusters with one spin in a finite size cluster scheme and it is observed the absence of a tricritical point.     

Unifying treatment of nonequilibrium and unstable dynamics of cold bosonic atom system with time-dependent order parameter in Thermo Field Dynamics

The coupled equations which describe the temporal evolution of the Bose–Einstein condensed system are derived in the framework of nonequilibrium Thermo Field Dynamics. The key element is that they are not the naive assemblages of assumed equations, but are the self-consistent ones derived by appropriate renormalization conditions. While the order parameter is time-dependent, an explicit quasiparticle picture is constructed by a time-dependent expansion. Our formulation is valid even for the system with a unstable condensate, and describes the condensate decay caused by the Landau instability as well as by the dynamical one.     

High-fidelity quantum sensing of magnon excitations with a single electron spin in quantum dots

Single-electron spins in quantum dots are the leading platform for qubits, while magnons in solids are one of the emerging candidates for quantum technologies. How to manipulate a composite system composed of both systems is an outstanding challenge. Here, we use spin-charge hybridization to effectively couple the single-electron spin state in quantum dots to the cavity and further to the magnons. Through this coupling, quantum dots can entangle and detect magnon states. The detection efficiency can reach 0.94 in a realistic experimental situation. We also demonstrate the electrical tunability of the scheme for various parameters. These results pave a practical pathway for applications of composite systems based on quantum dots and magnons.     

Influence of angular momentum in axially symmetric potentials with octupole deformation

The chaotic classical single-particle motion in an oblate octupole deformed potential with a nonzero z-component of angular momentum Lz is investigated. The stability analysis of the trajectories shows that with increasing rotation of the system, the unstable negative curvature regions of the effective potential surface decrease, which converts the chaotic motion of the system into a regular one.     

Influence of angular momentum in axially symmetric potentials with octupole deformation

The chaotic classical single-particle motion in an oblate octupole deformed potential with a non-zero z-component of angular momentum Lz is investigated. The stability analysis of the trajectories shows that with increasing rotation of the system, the unstable negative curvature regions of the effective potential surface decrease, which converts the chaotic motion of the system into a regular one.     

轴对称磁场的束流光学及其在ECR离子源中的应用

带电粒子在轴对称磁场中一边沿着对称轴向前运动,一边绕对称轴旋转。所以横向运动可以分解为两部分：聚焦运动和子午面的旋转。因此,4维横向传输矩阵可以表示为聚焦矩阵和旋转矩阵的乘积。用旋转矩阵和聚焦矩阵重新推导了总的传输矩阵。然后给出了相应的相椭圆系数矩阵来进一步估算从ECR离子源引出束流的发射度.详细地讨论了束流分布函数的二次矩。