舰载导弹捷联系统姿态及初始对准算法的研究

舰载导弹自动驾驶仪是一个强实时姿态控制系统，姿态控制除了满足对精度的要求外，还要求具有很强的实时性。本文主要研究了舰载．导弹捷联系统的姿态和初始对准算法中姿态矩阵的求解、实时计算等问题。对欧拉角法、四元数微分方程法以及四元数递推法进行了详细的推导和计算机仿真。结果表明：四元数违推法在实时性和计算精度方面优于其它两种方法。     

基于四元数自适应卡尔曼滤波的快速对准算法

针对捷联惯导初始对准问题,提出了一种具有干扰抑制能力的四元数自适应卡尔曼滤波初始对准算法。通过将初始对准问题转化为Wahba姿态确定问题,直接建立四元数的滤波模型,并采用自适应卡尔曼滤波对初始时刻姿态四元数进行估计,利用姿态四元数更新求出当前姿态来实时地反映载体的姿态变化。针对直接构建量测模型导致收敛速度慢的问题,提出一种基于最优四元数估计法构造K矩阵原理的改进算法。利用三轴转台模拟不同的摇摆环境进行实验,转台实验表明了改进算法具有较快的收敛速度和良好的稳定性及精度,中等精度的惯导系统在150s至200s的对准时间内,航向角均值误差小于2'。     

舰载导弹用捷联惯导系统校准技术研究

舰载导弹惯导系统初始对准结束后即转入待机发射状态，为了保证导弹长时间待机发射后惯导系统的导航精度，惯导系统在待机过程中需要进行校准。针对舰载导弹武器系统作战使用要求，进行了导弹惯导系统射前校准技术研究，设计了一种采用速度匹配方法对惯导系统进行校准的方案，给出了校准滤波器的模型和校准过程中的修正方法。通过舰载试验对该方案进行了试验验证，试验结果表明该方案具有校准时间短、校准精度高、可以适应舰船各种机动航行等优点，保证了舰载导弹惯导系统长时间待机发射后的导航定位精度。     

大方位失准角的舰载武器INS对准

研究了舰载武器惯导系统（INS）大方位失准角的传递对准问题。首先,给出了适用于大方位失准角的INS姿态误差和速度误差传播模型。然后,提出了一种改进的利用速度＋角速率匹配的传递对准算法,该算法能够借助海浪引起的舰船运动进行传递对准。通过基于奇异值分解的卡尔曼滤波器（SVD-KF）的引入,给出了非线性滤波算法的实现方案,并对SVD-KF和EKF在大方位失准角的舰载武器INS对准就姿态失准角的估计精度和收敛速度进行了比较。仿真结果验证了所提大方位失准角传递对准算法的可行性。     

舰载高速导弹SINS/GPS组合导航系统二次快速传递对准

基于惯性导航基本方程的精确表达式,采用二次传递对准的概念与方法,对舰载高速导弹SINS/GPS组合导航系统的动基座传递对准进行了研究。传递对准方案的设计充分利用了垂直发射的特点,将传递对准分为两次进行。第一次对准利用载舰的机动运动,快速完成航向对准,同时初步完成水平对准。第二次对准利用导弹垂直发射和大加速度的特点精确而快速地实现水平对准。仿真结果表明:第一次对准在30s内使航向失准角的估计误差减少到3.05′;在垂直加速度为20g的情况下,第二次传递对准在10s的时间内使东向和北向两个失准角都能得到快速的估计,误差分别为0.4′和0.465′。     

舰载导弹惯导系统姿态变化量匹配法传递对准

针对捷联惯导系统的动基座传递对准问题,采用姿态变化量匹配法,在不依赖舰船自主机动运动而仅仅依靠外界风浪随机干扰的情况下,对系泊状态下的舰载导弹捷联惯导系统传递对准进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明:在三种海况下,姿态变化量匹配法可以使3个失准角估计在短时间内均达到要求精度;随着舰船摇摆频率和幅度的增大,失准角的估计精度会进一步得到提高。研究表明姿态变化量匹配法具有对准算法简单、对准速度快、精度高等优点;利用一定强度的风浪,通过该种匹配方法能够成功的解决动基座传递对准问题。     

系泊状态舰载捷联惯导初始对准算法设计

系泊状态下舰船因风浪影响而产生摇摆,陀螺输出信息中信噪比很低,地球自转角速度信息难以提取出来,从而给舰载捷联惯导的初始对准带来困难.针对这一问题,研究了摇摆状态下捷联惯导系统的初始对准技术,基于舰载武器特点建立了捷联惯导系统在系泊状态下的误差模型,采用卡尔曼滤波和自适应滤波进行精对准,并根据摇摆频率与地球自转角速度频带的不同设计了巴特沃思低通滤波器对惯性器件的输出信息进行预滤波,从而一定程度上隔离舰船晃动.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方案能有效地解决舰船系泊状态下捷联惯导系统的初始对准问题,而且具有较高的精度,研究结果对舰载捷联惯导初始对准具有一定的参考价值.     

基于谱分解的SINS传递对准可观测度分析方法

针对舰载武器捷联惯导系统的快速精确传递对准问题,对"速度+姿态"匹配进行了简化,给出"速度+航向"匹配的传递对准模型。在此基础上,提出了一种基于Hermite矩阵谱分解的可观测度分析方法,该方法仅需要对阶数与系统状态维数相同的Hermite矩阵进行谱分解,算法简单。最后,应用该方法分别对三种匹配(速度匹配、"速度+姿态"匹配和"速度+航向"匹配)的系统状态进行可观测度分析。仿真试验结果表明:基于谱分解的可观测度分析方法是正确有效的,"速度+航向"匹配的对准精度在10 s内优于4′,能够实现捷联惯导系统的快速精确传递对准。     

捷联惯导晃动基座四元数估计对准算法

针对捷联惯导晃动基座下的初始对准问题,提出了一种基于四元数估计(QUEST)的抗干扰对准算法。将惯性系对准方法中,求取初始姿态阵的问题转化为基于观测矢量确定载体姿态的Wahba问题,利用四元数估计算法得到最小二乘意义下载体初始姿态的最优四元数解。阐述了四元数估计算法的基本原理,详细给出了基于四元数估计算法的捷联惯导晃动基座对准方案。进行了车载实验,实验结果表明:四元数估计对准算法姿态角误差的收敛速度优于双矢量定姿对准算法,同时可进一步提高对准精度。经120 s对准后,水平姿态误差在5″以内,航向误差在1.3′以内。     

捷联惯导初始对准中杆臂效应误差的补偿

重点介绍了杆臂效应原理和舰载水下潜器传递对准误差模型，针对潜器用捷联式惯性导航系统(SINS)，在释放前摇摆基座上进行初始传递对准时，系统中存在的杆臂效应误差问题，提出了直接补偿杆臂干扰加速度和设计低通滤波器的补偿方案。通过计算机仿真：验证了方案可以有效的提高传递对准精度，提供高准确性的导航姿态基准。     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.     

Impact non-pénétrant sur le thorax : influence de la courbure sur la propagation des ondesNonpenetrating impact on the thorax: influence of curvature on wave propagation

Theoretical studies of the propagation of impact waves through the thorax are needed to improve the design of bulletproof jackets and blast protections (Fung in ‘Biomechanics Motions, Flow, Stress, and Growth’, Springer-Verlag, 1990; Cooper et al., J. Trauma 40 (1996) S38–S41). The influence of the weak acoustic coupling at the interface between the thoracic wall and the lung were described in (Grimal et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. IIB 329 (2001) 655–662); in this work, we study, within the frame of elastodynamics and with an approximate analytical method, the effects of the curvature of this interface. Results are given in terms of strain energy for the pressure wave, transmitted or converted. Focalisation of energy in the medium representing the lung is important for curvatures measured in humans. To cite this article: Q. Grimal et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 569–574.     

Vérification expérimentale de la relation de réciprocité d'Onsager pour l'électro-osmose et l'électro-filtration dans une argile naturelleExperimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations for electro-osmosis and electro-filtration phenomena on a saturated clay

This Note is devoted to the experimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations in the particular case of electro-osmosis and electro-filtration. A special set up has been designed to carry out the measurements of both the electro-osmotic permeability and the streaming potential. This has been performed by using a natural material i.e., saturated kaolinite. To cite this article: K. Beddiar et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 893–898.