A new scheme for solving nonlinear Stratonovich Volterra integral equations via Bernoulli’s approximation

In this paper, an efficient method for solving nonlinear Stratonovich Volterra integral equations is proposed. By using Bernoulli polynomials and their stochastic operational matrix of integration, these equations can be reduced to the system of nonlinear algebraic equations with unknown Bernoulli coefficient which can be solved by numerical methods such as Newton’s method. Also, an error analysis is valid under fairly restrictive conditions. Furthermore, in order to show the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method, the new approach is compared with the block pulse functions method by some examples. The obtained results reveal that the proposed method is more accurate and efficient than the block pulse functions method.     

Simultaneous Preservation of Orthogonality of Polynomials by Linear Operators Arising from Dilation of Orthogonal Polynomial Systems

For an orthogonal polynomial system and a sequence of nonzero numbers,let be the linear operator defined on the linear spaceof all polynomials via for all .We investigate conditions on and under which can simultaneously preserve the orthogonality ofdifferent polynomial systems. As an application, we get that for , a generalized Laguerre polynomial system, no can simultaneously preserve the orthogonality of twoadditional Laguerre systems, and , where and . On the other hand, for ,the Chebyshev polynomial system and , simultaneously preserves the orthogonality of uncountablymany kernel polynomial systems associated with p. We study manyother examples of this type.     

On Kernel polynomials and self-perturbation of orthogonal polynomials

Given an orthogonal polynomial system {Q _n (x)} _n=0 ^∞, define another polynomial system by where α _n are complex numbers and t is a positive integer. We find conditions for {P _n (x)} _n=0 ^∞ to be an orthogonal polynomial system. When t=1 and α₁≠0, it turns out that {Q _n (x)} _n=0 ^∞ must be kernel polynomials for {P _n (x)} _n=0 ^∞ for which we study, in detail, the location of zeros and semi-classical character. Received: November 25, 1999; in final form: April 6, 2000?Published online: June 22, 2001     

Chebyshev's maximum principle in several variables

In this short note, we discuss the Chebyshev's maximum principle in several variables. We show some analogous maximum formulae for the common zeros in some special cases. It can be regarded as the extension of the univariate case.     

非线性Volterra积分方程非平凡解的逼近方法及其应用

本文对一类具有卷积核的非线性Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ型积分方程进行了讨论，给出了关于这类方程的非平凡解的存在性和解的逼近方法的一些结果。通过有关微分方程问题的实例，说明了所给结果的重要应用。     

Hungry Lotka–Volterra lattice under nonzero boundaries,block-Hankel determinant solution,and biorthogonal polynomials

In this paper, we first extend the hungry Lotka–Volterra lattice to a case of nonzero boundary conditions and present its corresponding exact solution expressed in terms of a block-Hankel determinant. Then, we establish a connection between this hungry Lotka–Volterra lattice under nonzero boundary conditions and a set of biorthogonal polynomials. It turns out that the hungry Lotka–Volterra lattice under nonzero boundary conditions possesses a Lax pair expressed in terms of the biorthogonal polynomials. Moreover, we consider two special cases of the hungry Lotka–Volterra lattice. For the case , it reduces to the Lotka–Volterra lattice under nonzero boundary condition, which has been discussed in literature. We also present the result for in detail, which extends a known result to a case of nonzero boundary functions. All these results are obtained by virtue of Hirota's bilinear method and determinant techniques.     

Has the iPhone cannibalized the iPad? An asymmetric competition model

Product cannibalization is a well‐known phenomenon in marketing, describing the case when a new product steals sales from another product under the same brand. A special case of cannibalization may occur when the older product reacts to the competitive strength of the newer one, absorbing the corresponding market shares. We show that such cannibalization occurred between two Apple products, the iPhone and the iPad, and the first has succeeded at the expense of the second. We propose an innovation diffusion model for asymmetric competition, Lotka‐Volterra with asymmetric competition, allow to test the presence and the extent of the inverse cannibalization phenomenon. A nondimensional representation of the model helps showing the effects of cannibalization on life cycle length.     

Representation of Reproducing Kernels and the Lebesgue Constants on the Ball

For the weight function (1−x²)^μ−1/2 on the unit ball, a closed formula of the reproducing kernel is modified to include the case −1/2<μ<0. The new formula is used to study the orthogonal projection of the weighted L² space onto the space of polynomials of degree at most n, and it is proved that the uniform norm of the projection operator has the growth rate of n^(d−1)/2 for μ<0, which is the smallest possible growth rate among all projections, while the rate for μ0 is n^μ+(d−1)/2.