Buoyancy induced flow in a nanofluid filled enclosure partially exposed to forced convection

A numerical study was performed on natural convection for water–CuO nanofluid filled enclosure where the top surface was partially exposed to convection. The cavity has a square cross-section and differentially heated. Except exposed convection part on the top, all sides are adiabatic on horizontal walls. Effects of Rayleigh number (10³ ? Ra ? 10⁵), Biot number (0 ? Bi ? ∞), length of partial convection (0.0 ? L ? 1.0) and volume fraction of nanoparticles (0.0 ? φ ? 0.1) on heat and fluid flow were investigated. The results showed that for the case of high Biot number that heat transfer along the heated was enhanced by increasing the Rayleigh number mainly at the upper portion of the heated wall. When the top wall was totally exposed to convection, the results prevail that the heat transfer was more effective at high Biot number especially at the upper portion of the heated wall. For the case of high Biot number, the results prevailed that the heat transfer at the upper portion of the heated wall increases considerably at high exposed length to convection (L); however, for L ? 0.75 the effect of L was less pronounced. Contour maps for percentage of heat transfer enhancement were presented and it was shown that the location of maximum enhancement in heat transfer was sensitive to Ra, φ and L.     

封闭腔内纳米流体强化自然对流换热的数值模拟

采用F luen软件对封闭腔内Cu-H2O纳米流体强化自然对流换热进行了数值模拟,重点分析Cu纳米粒子添加量和Gr数对换热性能的影响,并解释其换热机理。研究结果表明:在水基液中加入Cu纳米粒子可以显著提高基液的自然对流换热特性。对于一给定的Gr数,随着纳米粒子质量分数的增加,纳米流体的速度组成部分增加,纳米流体质量分数越大,x方向和y方向的速度峰越大,因此加速了流体中能量传输。另一方面,随着Gr数的增加,流线图中旋涡逐渐变大,流线间强度增加,说明换热效果逐渐增强。当Gr数较小时,传热主要是由热壁和冷壁之间的热传导引起的,随着Gr数的增大,换热逐渐变为由对流换热占主导地位。     

Effect of thermal stratification on free convection in a square porous cavity filled with a nanofluid using Tiwari and Das' nanofluid model

Natural convection in a square porous cavity filled with a nanofluid in conditions of thermal stratification has been numerically studied. The mathematical model has been formulated in terms of the dimensionless stream function and temperature using the Darcy–Boussinesq approximation and Tiwari and Das' nanofluid model with new more realistic empirical correlations for the physical properties of the nanofluids. Formulated partial differential equations along with the corresponding boundary conditions have been solved by the finite difference method. Particular efforts have been focused on the effects of the Rayleigh number, thermal stratification parameter, porosity of the porous medium, solid volume fraction parameter of nanoparticles, and the solid matrix of the porous medium (glass balls and aluminum foam) on the local and average Nusselt numbers, streamlines and isotherms. It has been observed an essential effect of thermal stratification parameter on heat and fluid flow fields.     

Numerical study of mixed convection flow in a lid-driven cavity with sinusoidal heating on sidewalls using nanofluid

Mixed convection flow of Cu–water nanofluid inside a lid-driven square cavity with adiabatic horizontal walls and sinusoidal heating on sidewalls has been investigated numerically. The effects of increase in shear force for a fixed buoyancy force and effects of increase in buoyancy force for a fixed shear force were investigated. Effects of variations of Richardson number, phase deviation of sinusoidal heating, and volume fraction of nanoparticles on flow and temperature field were studied. The obtained results showed that for a constant Grashof number at all Richardson numbers, a clockwise eddy was developed inside the cavity, also the rate of heat transfer increases with decrease in Richardson number and increase of volume fraction of nanoparticles. For a constant Reynolds number the clockwise eddy is observed up to Ri = 1. For Ri = 10 a multicellular flow pattern is formed inside the cavity. Moreover it was found that when the Reynolds number is kept constant, the rate of heat transfer increases with increase in Richardson number.     

Effects of inclined magnetic field on mixed convection in a nanofluid filled double lid-driven cavity with volumetric heat generation or absorption using finite element method

A computational analysis has been performed on mixed convection in a double sided lid-driven cavity in the presence of volumetric heat generation or absorption. Effects of inclined magnetic field are also studied. The governing parameters are solved via Galerkin weighted residual finite element method in space and the Crank–Nicolson in time. Governing parameters are nanoparticle volume fraction (0.0?≤???≤?0.04), Richardson number (0.01?≤?Ri?≤?10), internal heat generation or absorption parameter $(?10\le q\le 10),$ inclination angle of magnetic field (0°?≤?γ?≤?90°) and Hartmann number (0?≤?Ha?≤?100). It is observed that the highest heat transfer is obtained in case of the maximum value of heat absorption. As a further finding, heat transfer decreases with increasing of Hartmann number and increases with increasing of nanoparticle volume fraction.     

Linear stability analysis of the natural convection in inclined rotating parallel plates

The linear stability analysis of the natural convection in a rectangular tilted infinite cavity filled with a Boussinesq fluid subject to Coriolis force is presented. The bottom and top surfaces have fixed temperatures. Both unstable and stable thermal conditions are studied (heated from below and heated from above respectively). The rotation axis passes through the center and it is orthogonal to the hot and cold surfaces. The stability equations were solved using the Tau–Chebyshev spectral method. The critical Rayleigh number and critical wave number were obtained for several rotation rates and different orientation of convective oblique rolls in a range of inclination of the cavity from 0 to 120 degrees. The stability analysis show that rotation rate affects the basic velocity profile, onset of convection, wave number and critical orientation of convective rolls.     

Natural convection in a square cavity containing a nanofluid and an adiabatic square block at the center

The problem of free convection fluid flow and heat transfer of Cu–water nanofluid inside a square cavity having adiabatic square bodies at its center has been investigated numerically. The governing equations have been discretized using the finite volume method. The SIMPLER algorithm was employed to couple velocity and pressure fields. Using the developed code, a parametric study was conducted and the effects of pertinent parameters such as Rayleigh number, size of the adiabatic square body, and volume fraction of the Cu nanoparticles on the fluid flow and thermal fields and heat transfer inside the cavity were investigated. The obtained results show that for all Rayleigh numbers with the exception of Ra = 10⁴ the average Nusselt number increases with increase in the volume fraction of the nanoparticles. At Ra = 10⁴ the average Nusselt number is a decreasing function of the nanoparticles volume fraction. Moreover at low Rayleigh numbers (10³ and 10⁴) the rate of heat transfer decreases when the size of the adiabatic square body increases while at high Rayleigh numbers (10⁵ and 10⁶) it increases.     

方腔内Cu/Al2O3水混合纳米流体自然对流的格子Boltzmann模拟

纳米流体作为一种较高的导热介质, 广泛应用于各个传热领域. 鉴于纳米颗粒导热系数和成本之间的矛盾, 本文提出了一种混合纳米流体. 为了研究混合纳米流体颗粒间相互作用机理和自然对流换热特性, 在考虑颗粒间相互作用力的基础上, 利用多尺度技术推导了纳米流体流场和温度场的格子Boltzmann方程, 通过耦合流动和温度场的演化方程, 建立了Cu/Al₂O₃水混合纳米流体的格子Boltzmann模型, 研究了混合纳米流体颗粒间的相互作用机理和纳米颗粒在腔体内的分布. 发现在颗粒间相互作用力中, 布朗力远远大于其他作用力, 温差驱动力和布朗力对纳米颗粒的分布影响最大. 分析了纳米颗粒组分、瑞利数对自然对流换热的影响, 对比了混合纳米流体(Cu/Al₂O₃-水)与单一金属颗粒纳米流体(Al₂O₃-水)的自然对流换热特性, 发现混合纳米流体具有更强的换热特性.     

空温式翅片管气化器自然对流换热的数值模拟

建立了深冷空温式星形翅片管气化器的空气侧自然对流换热模型.利用fluent软件,采用SST k-ω湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,对多组不同结构参数、不同内壁面温度的气化器空气侧自然对流换热进行了三维数值模拟.由数值模拟结果分析了气化器各结构尺寸大小与壁温对翅片管自然对流换热的影响,并拟合了气化器空气侧自然对流换热的Nu...     

Experimental and numerical investigation of natural convection of magnetic fluids in a cubic cavity

In this article, natural convections of a magnetic fluid in a cubic cavity under a uniform magnetic field are investigated experimentally and numerically. Results obtained from experiments and numerical simulations reveal that the magnetic field and magnetization are influenced by temperature. There exist relative larger magnetization and magnetic forces in the regions near the upper wall and center inside the cavity than in the region near the bottom and side walls. A weak flow roll occurs inside cavity under the magnetic force, and it brings the low temperature fluid downward in the center region, and streams the high temperature fluid upward along the regions near the sidewalls. With the magnetic field imposed, the heat transfer inside the cavity is enhanced significantly compared to that without the magnetic field, and increasing the strength of the magnetic field the heat transfer is increased further.     

Nanofluid MHD natural convection through a porous complex shaped cavity considering thermal radiation

Control volume based finite element method (CVFEM) is applied to simulate H₂O based nanofluid radiative and convective heat transfer inside a porous medium. Non-Darcy model is employed for porous media. Influences of Hartmann number, nanofluid volume fraction, radiation parameter, Darcy number, number of undulations and Rayleigh number on nanofluid behavior were demonstrated. Thermal conductivity of nanofluid is estimated by means of previous experimental correlation. Results show that Nusselt number enhances with augment of permeability of porous media. Effect of Hartmann number on rate of heat transfer is opposite of radiation parameter.     

Empirical correlation for performance evaluation of electric/corona wind on natural convection

The effect of the corona wind on the natural convection at a rectangular channel was investigated experimentally. The results indicate that the natural convection in the absence of electric/corona wind at obtuse angles outperforms than acute angles and keeps improving by increasing the angle. However, the efficiency of the electric/corona wind at acute angles is higher than obtuse angles. Generally, in the presence of electric/corona wind, heat transfer coefficient was increased. The effect of the electric/corona wind was decreased by raising heat flux. This mainly stems from the fact that the temperature gradient raises the thermal boundary layer and reduces the secondary flow power. Eventually, empirical correlation for the estimation of Nusselt number was achieved.     

对流传热对冷冻靶温度影响的数值分析

 利用计算流体力学的程序Fluent,以法国的兆焦激光装置LMJ为原型,研究了惯性约束聚变间接驱动靶中黑腔内填充气体的自然对流传热效应对靶丸温度分布的影响;通过在黑腔内加入聚合薄膜,减小靶表面的温度不均匀性,得到了最佳腔体分隔模式;并在分隔成7个分区的腔体中,结合调整黑腔壁上下冷却环的温度,当两冷却环之间存在±0.5 mK 的温差时,使得靶丸表面的温度均匀性最终能够满足聚变的要求。     

Experimental studies on natural convection boiling of water in a vertical annulus of a closed-loop thermo-siphon

Experimental studies on natural convection boiling of water in an internally heated narrow vertical annulus, with the liquid circulating through a cold leg forming a closed-loop thermo-siphon, have been carried out. The radius and aspect ratios of the annulus are 1.184 and 352, respectively. The experimental data, which consist of wall and liquid temperatures, liquid and vapor flow rates, and differential pressure across the test section, are recorded on a data logging system. The experiments have been performed for a constant heat flux of 15–35 kW/m² from the startup period until the steady state to study the transient behavior of the system. The boiling and non-boiling zones in the annulus have been identified and presented graphically through the liquid and wall temperatures for the steady state. They have been also verified through the visual photographs of the flow patterns in the annulus. The flow is found to be oscillatory in nature with no particular trend. Although the experimental data seems to be scattered, but when analyzed for a short duration, they are found well within the ±3σ (three sigma). This confirms the quasi-steady-state condition of the system. The steady-state values of Reynolds number and liquid circulation rate come out to be 133.1–453.5 and 7.0–23.87 g/s, respectively, while the Nusselt number and heat transfer coefficient are 7.98–13.57 and 1433.57–2435.35 W/m²K, respectively. Mathematical correlations for liquid mass flow rates, heat transfer coefficient, Reynolds number, and Nusselt number have been developed and compared with the existing correlations, which are in good agreement.     

自然对流状态下深冷竖直平板霜层导热系数实验研究

利用设计的竖直平板结霜实验台,对自然对流状态下竖直平板表面非稳态结霜过程进行了动态描述,分析了霜层厚度变化规律,描述了湿空气在竖直平板附近的流动状态及温度分布。基于实验观测,把竖直平板非稳态结霜过程分为沿平板法线方向增厚和沿平板切线方向推进两个阶段。利用最小二乘法,拟合了竖直平板霜层导热系数在推进阶段随推移距离的关系式。通过反复实验,不断完善数据,可使拟合结果具有更高的适用性,也为工程设计提供依据。     

毛细管内液氮的自然对流换热数值计算分析

主要探讨了毛细管管径以及倾角对其内的加热丝与液氮的换热效果的影响。应用FLUENT软件对0、30、60、90倾角下管径为1.2mm和2.0mm的毛细管内的加热丝与液氮的换热情况进行了三维数值模拟,得到了管内液氮的速度、温度以及加热丝的温度分布情况。数值计算结果与实验结果吻合的比较好。计算结果表明倾角为30°和60°的换热效果最好,大管径下的换热情况要比小管径的换热效果好。     

三维方腔温盐双扩散的格子Boltzmann方法数值模拟

研究了温盐双扩散系统的多组分格子Boltzmann方法.通过对二维方腔的温盐双扩散系统的数值模拟，检验了方法的可行性及有效性，所得到的结果与差分法结果符合良好，继而将此方法推广到三维，建立了三维温盐双扩散系统的格子Boltzmann方法，对三维方腔双扩散问题进行了模拟和分析，并与差分法模拟的结果进行了比较，结果令人满意.最后，分析了格子Boltzmann方法在模拟双扩散对流问题时存在的局限性. 关键词： 格子Boltzmann方法 温盐双扩散 Boussinesq近似 数值模拟     

Experimental study of transient heat transfer characteristics of single-phase natural convection in multidimensional porous bed with volumetric heat generation

Natural convection in an internally heated porous bed of height and diameter of 450 mm and 500 mm, respectively, and superposed with the fluid layer has been experimentally investigated. The onset of natural convection in the bed is indicated by change in the rate of temperature rise within the bed. An empirical model based on local Nusselt number and local Rayleigh number has been developed. A comparison of the present model with the models in literature is made to draw out the differences between the local heat transfer of large multidimensional beds and the average heat transfer of small beds.     

对流传热对冷冻靶温度影响的数值分析

利用计算流体力学的程序Fluent,以法国的兆焦激光装置LMJ为原型,研究了惯性约束聚变间接驱动靶中黑腔内填充气体的自然对流传热效应对靶丸温度分布的影响;通过在黑腔内加入聚合薄膜,减小靶表面的温度不均匀性,得到了最佳腔体分隔模式;并在分隔成7个分区的腔体中,结合调整黑腔壁上下冷却环的温度,当两冷却环之间存在±0.5 mK 的温差时,使得靶丸表面的温度均匀性最终能够满足聚变的要求。