淀粉/DL-丙交酯接枝共聚物的合成和生物降解性能研究

以淀粉为接枝骨架 ,DL 丙交酯为接枝单体 ,在无水LiCl存在下 ,合成了淀粉 /DL 丙交酯接枝共聚物 .研究了接枝反应的投料比、反应时间、反应温度对单体转化率 (C % )、接枝率 (G % )和接枝效率 (GE % )的影响 .当DL 丙交酯与淀粉结构单元的摩尔比为 10∶1,反应温度为 80～ 85℃ ,反应时间为 4h ,C % ,G %和GE %可分别达到 37 3 %、179 7%和 6 8 0 % .用差示扫描量热 (DSC)分析仪、红外光谱仪和X 射线衍射仪对合成的接枝共聚物进行了表征 ,结果表明 ,淀粉和DL 丙交酯反应生成了淀粉 /DL 丙交酯接枝共聚物 .防水实验结果表明 ,该产物在给定条件下可使纸板的吸水率由 41 1%降低到 1 0 % .降解实验表明该接枝共聚物能够被酸、碱及微生物完全降解     

乙酰化淀粉/DL-丙交酯接枝共聚物的合成及降解性能研究

用醋酸乙烯酯和玉米淀粉反应制备出了不同取代度乙酰化淀粉，再用乙酰化淀粉同DL－丙交酯接枝共聚合成乙酰化淀粉／DL－丙交酯接枝共聚物。研究了原料配比，淀粉取代度对接枝反应单体转化率（C％），接枝率（G％）接枝效率（GE％）和接枝支链数均分子量（Mn)的影响，结果表明在给定的试验条件下接枝共聚反应的C％，G％，GE％和Mn可分别达到40％，225％，80％和1．4万。接枝共聚物在磷酸缓冲溶液和户外土壤掩埋降解实验表明，在160天内样品失重率分别为71％和60％，表明合成的乙酰化淀粉／DL－丙交酯接枝共聚物具有很好的降解性能。     

β-环糊精/聚(DL-丙交酯)接枝共聚物的合成与表征

以β-环糊精(β-CD)为接枝骨架、DL-丙交酯(DLLA)为接枝单体,三乙胺为催化剂,合成了β-环糊精/聚(DL-丙交酯)接枝共聚物(PCDLA).利用IR、1H-NMR、DSC、WXRD和GPC等方法对接枝共聚物的结构进行了表征,测定了共聚物的分子量,并研究了反应投料比对单体转化率(C%)、接枝率(G%)和接枝效率(GE%)的影响.结果表明,在三乙胺催化下,DL-丙交酯与β-环糊精能够发生聚合反应得到接枝共聚物,当DL-丙交酯与β-环糊精结构单元的摩尔比为30∶1,反应时间为10h时,接枝反应的接枝率(G%)和接枝效率(GE%)可分别达到182·9%和21·4%.随着接枝共聚物中β-环糊精含量的增加,共聚物的亲水性得到了改善.     

二醋酸纤维素接枝丙交酯共聚物的合成与表征

以二醋酸纤维素为接枝骨架,在辛酸亚锡的催化下,通过L-丙交酯的开环接枝聚合反应,合成了二醋酸纤维素和聚丙交酯接枝共聚物(CDA-g-PLA),并采用GPC、FTIR、1H-NMR和DSC对接枝共聚物进行表征.研究了原料质量比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度对单体转化率(C%)、接枝率(G%)的影响.结果表明:反应温度150℃,单体丙交酯与二醋酸纤维素质量比为4:1,反应时间30min,催化剂辛酸亚锡与二醋酸纤维素的质量比为1%时,产物的接枝率较高.     

氧化锌催化淀粉/乳酸接枝共聚物的制备与表征

以氧化锌为催化剂,采用原位聚合法制备了淀粉/乳酸接枝共聚物。由FT-IR、1H NMR、XRD和SEM对接枝产物进行了表征,且讨论了反应温度、淀粉与乳酸质量比、催化剂用量和反应时间对淀粉接枝率的影响,结果表明,当反应温度为95℃,淀粉与乳酸质量比为1∶5,催化剂用量为乳酸质量的1.0%,反应时间11 h时,产物的接枝率可达到14.20%。     

高分子量聚L-乳酸热降解回收L-丙交酯

本文综述了高分子量聚L-乳酸(Poly(L-lactide), PLLA)经热降解直接回收L-丙交酯的研究进展。纯PLLA的热降解为无规反应,经添加金属类催化剂后,PLLA则可获得以L-丙交酯为主的热降解产物。本文介绍了聚乳酸热降解的反应机理,详细阐述了添加的金属催化剂的种类,及其催化PLLA热降解生成L-丙交酯及发生消旋化作用的机理。经PLLA热降解直接回收L-丙交酯技术的研究,可缩短PLLA再循环使用周期,既降低生产成本,又充分利用资源,达到促进发展循环经济的目的。     

聚乳酸接枝改性纳米生物玻璃/PLGA复合材料的制备、表面性质及生物活性

以丙交酯开环聚合原位接枝改性的纳米生物玻璃(PLLA-g-BG)与聚丙交酯-乙交酯(PLGA)复合材料为研究对象, 采用TGA, ESEM和EDX分析其接枝率, 粒子分散性和表面元素分布, 通过将兔成骨细胞种植于材料膜表面进行体外培养, 采用荧光染色法、NIH Image J图像分析软件、MTT法和流式细胞术等手段检测细胞在材料表面的平均黏附数量、扩展面积比、增殖能力和细胞周期的变化, 综合评价新型改性纳米复合材料的生物相容性和生物活性. 结果表明, 聚乳酸表面接枝改性可明显改善纳米生物玻璃粒子的团聚; PLGA中掺入一定比例的改性PLLA-g-BG可明显促进兔成骨细胞的黏附、扩展与增殖; 改性纳米生物玻璃的应用可提高生物可降解聚酯材料的生物相容性和生物活性.     

辛酸亚锡对氧化锌催化制备丙交酯的影响

用减压蒸馏法合成了丙交酯,在反应的不同时间段加入辛酸亚锡,可使丙交酯最高馏出温度降低至197 ℃。 采用红外光谱表征了丙交酯,测定了反应体系的表面张力和黏度,结果表明,脱自由水后的乳酸、脱自由水后加氧化锌和脱自由水后加氧化锌和辛酸亚锡体系的表面张力分别为38.8、47.0和40.3 N/m;黏度分别为43.1049、59.6774和48.9376 mPa·s。 辛酸亚锡的加入降低了反应体系表观张力和黏度,有利于低聚物结构中酰氧键断裂生成丙交酯。     

单模微波辐照下壳聚糖-左旋聚乳酸接枝共聚物的酶催化合成

以猪胰脂肪酶(PPL)代替传统的有机金属作为催化剂,在单模微波辐照下利用左旋丙交酯(L-LA)的开环聚合制备壳聚糖-左旋聚乳酸(CS-g-PLLA)接枝共聚物.考察了反应温度及酶用量对接枝率的影响.以此为基础,利用DTG、XRD和3T3成纤维细胞培养对产物的物理性能及细胞相容性进行分析.结果显示,猪胰酶可有效催化接枝反应的进行.反应温度和酶用量对产物的接枝率有较大影响.在单模微波作用下,较低的反应温度(50℃)可获得具有较高接枝率(178.8%)的接枝产物.与纯壳聚糖相比,接枝产物的结晶度和热稳定性降低,说明PLLA的引入破坏了壳聚糖的高结晶性.产物具有良好的细胞相容性,可作为优良的组织工程支架材料.     

由活性大分子环状前体合成环状聚ε-己内酯接枝聚L-乳酸

由2,2-二丁基-2-锡-1,3-二氧环庚烷引发ε-己内酯开环聚合制得环状聚ε-己内酯(3);3与活性单体α-(1-丙烯酰氧乙基)-ε己内酯反应,合成了活性环状聚ε-己内酯(5);5在UV辐照下发生分子内交联反应制得活性大分子引发剂6;6引发L-丙交酯接枝共聚合制得环状聚ε-己内酯接枝聚L-乳酸,其结构经NMR,SEC和DSC表征。     

二醋酸纤维素接枝聚己内酯的核磁共振表征

用^1H-NMR和^13C-NMR研究了二醋酸纤维素(CDA)和聚己内酯(PCL)的接枝共聚反应,确定了^1H-NMR和^13C-NMR谱中各谱峰的归属,为证明二醋酸纤维素和己内酯的接枝共聚反应提供了依据。     

二萜生物碱的~(13)C核磁共振谱

本文通过对186个二萜生物碱及其衍生物的~(13)C NMR谱数据的分析比较,就以下几方面作了归纳总结:①信号归属的方法;②常见取代基OCH_3、NCH_3、、NCH_2CH_3、OCOCH_3、的化学位移范围;③季碳和某些特定碳的化学位移规律。某些特定结构,如C_(20)二萜生物碱中的噁唑烷环以及C_(20)差向异构体等的~(13)C NMR谱特征;④C_(19)二萜生物碱中不同位置上取代基(H→OH、H→OMe、OH→OAc、OH→OMe、OH→C=O)效应和立体化学效应。这些归纳总结有助于此类化合物结构的阐明。     

A Functionalized Cyclic Lactide Monomer for Synthesis of Water‐Soluble Poly(Lactic Acid) and Amphiphilic Diblock Poly(Lactic Acid)

Biodegradable and bioabsorbable poly(lactic acid)s are one of the most important biomedical materials. However, it is difficult to introduce the functional groups into poly(lactic acid)s in order to improve their hydrophilicity and degradation rate. Here the authors describe the synthesis of functionalized cyclic lactide monomer 3,6‐bis(benzyloxymethyl)‐1,4‐dioxane‐2,5‐dione (BnLA) using an advanced synthetic route. Water‐soluble hydroxyl‐functionalized homopoly(lactic acid) (P(OH)LA) is synthesized via ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of BnLA, followed by a hydrogenolytic deprotection reaction. Amphiphilic diblock poly(lactic acid) (P(OH)LA‐PLA) is synthesized via ROP of DL‐lactide using PBnLA as an initiator, followed by a hydrogenolytic deprotection reaction. P(OH)LA‐PLA is able to form polymeric micelles with the diameter of sub‐100 nm.

     

铁系亚胺基吡啶复配催化乙烯原位共聚产物的表征

Branched polyethylene from ethylene as single monomer was prepared by the tandem catalyst system of {2-[2-Me C6 H4 N=Me)]2 C5H3N} FeCl2 (1) and {2,6-[1-(2,6-Me2-4-Br-C6H4N=(Me)]2C5H3N} FeCl2 (2) activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO) . The products of polymerization were characterized by DSC, GPC and ^13C-NMR. The results revealed that the copolymer produced by in situ copolymerization of ethylene was a mixture of branched polyethylene and α-olefin. The content of α-olefin in the mixture was increased with increasing the molar ratio of catalysts 1/2. The MWD paramelers of polyethylene and copolymer were 28.6 and 7.9, respectively. ^13C-NMR spectra showed that there were ethyl groups, butyl groups and long chain alkyl groups in the copolymer. The average degree of branching of such branched polyethylene was less than 5C/1000C.     

纳米羟基磷灰石-聚(己内酯-丙交酯)共聚物复合材料

通过纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)的羟基引发ε-已内酯(ε-CL)开环聚合,再接枝不同量的丙交酯(LA),制备了HA-P(CL-LA)复合材料.采用TEM、FT-IR、~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR等对复合物的结构进行了表征.结果表明:HA在复合物中的分散较均匀,并且保持了原来的针状或棒状形貌;共聚物中n(ε-CL)/n(LA)随着单体投料中n(ε-CL)/n(LA)的增加而增加;样品在制备过程中没有发生丙交酯与己内酯之间的酯交换,只发生了丙交酯自身的酯交换,共聚物中丙交酯链段主要以全同序列为主.     

光谱法分析乙丙共聚物的序列结构及链节比

用FTIR, 1 H NMR和 13 C NMR分析乙丙共聚物的序列结构与链节比. 通过对乙丙共聚物 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR和 13 C-1 H二维核磁共振谱的综合分析, 提出了与前人不同的归属, 并提出了不同位置碳原子积分面积相关性分析方法, 该方法避免了烦琐的理论计算, 可简便地得到乙丙共聚物的主要序列结构. 通过比较 1 H NMR和 13 C NMR计算乙丙共聚物中乙烯、 丙烯链节比, 表明可以用 1 H NMR代替 13 C NMR完成对乙丙共聚物中乙烯、 丙烯链节比的定量计算.     

聚(ε-己内酯-L-丙交酯)无规共聚物与聚乳酸共混材料的制备与性能

通过开环聚合,合成不同比例的ε-己内酯(ε-CL)与L-丙交酯(L-LA)的无规共聚物P(CL/LLA)。 将上述共聚物P(CL/LLA)与聚乳酸(PLLA)共混,制备了PLA/P(CL/LLA)共混材料。 并对其相容性、热性能、力学性能进行了研究。 结果表明,共聚物P(CL/LLA)与PLA相容性与共聚物中LA单元含量和链段的平均长度有密切关系,P(CL/LLA)中LA链段平均长度达到3.4以上时,可以与PLA很好的相互作用。 同时共聚物P(CL/LLA)中-CL-链段有很好的柔性,可以很好的改善PLLA的韧性,使PLLA材料的断裂伸长率达到500%以上。     

Increased expansion ratio,cell density,and compression strength of microcellular poly(lactic acid) foams via lignin graft poly(lactic acid) as a biobased nucleating agent

Green and renewable foaming poly(lactic acid) (PLA) represents one of the promising developments in PLA materials. This study is the first to use the lignin graft PLA copolymer (LG‐g‐PLA) to improve the foamability of PLA as a biobased nucleating agent. This agent was synthesized via ring‐opening polymerization of lignin and lactide. The effects of LG‐g‐PLA on cell nucleation induced by the crystallization, rheological behavior, and foamability of PLA were evaluated. Results indicated that LG‐g‐PLA can improve the crystallization rate and crystallinity of PLA, and play a significant nucleation role in the microcellular foam processing of PLA. LG‐g‐PLA improved the foam morphology of PLA, obtaining a reduced and uniform cell size as well as increased expansion ratio and cell density. With the addition of 3 wt% LG‐g‐PLA content, the PLA/LG‐g‐PLA foams increased the compressive strength 1.6 times than that of neat PLA foams. The improved foaming properties of PLA via a biobased nucleating agent show potential for the production and application of green biodegradable foams.     

High-Toughness Poly(lactic Acid)/Starch Blends Prepared through Reactive Blending Plasticization and Compatibilization

In this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/starch blends were prepared through reactive melt blending by using PLA and starch as raw materials and vegetable oil polyols, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and citric acid (CA) as additives. The effects of CA and PEG on the toughness of PLA/starch blends were analyzed using a mechanical performance test, scanning electron microscope analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, rheological analysis, and hydrophilicity test. Results showed that the elongation at break and impact strength of the PLA/premixed starch (PSt)/PEG/CA blend were 140.51% and 3.56 kJ·m⁻², which were 13.4 and 1.8 times higher than those of pure PLA, respectively. The essence of the improvement in the toughness of the PLA/PSt/PEG/CA blend was the esterification reaction among CA, PEG, and starch. During the melt-blending process, the CA with abundant carboxyl groups reacted in the amorphous region of the starch. The shape and crystal form of the starch did not change, but the surface activity of the starch improved and consequently increased the adhesion between starch and PLA. As a plasticizer for PLA and starch, PEG effectively enhanced the mobility of the molecular chains. After PEG was dispersed, it participated in the esterification reaction of CA and starch at the interface and formed a branched/crosslinked copolymer that was embedded in the interface of PLA and starch. This copolymer further improved the compatibility of the PLA/starch blends. PEGs with small molecules and CA were used as compatibilizers to reduce the effect on PLA biodegradability. The esterification reaction on the starch surface improved the compatibilization and toughness of the PLA/starch blend materials and broadens their application prospects in the fields of medicine and high-fill packaging.