Iron-catalyzed rearrangements and cycloaddition reactions of 2H-chromenes

Iron(III) salts catalyze the tandem rearrangement/hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of 2H-chromenes to yield tetrahydrochromeno heterocycles. The process can occur as a homodimerization and cycloaddition process using electron-rich dienophiles. Deuterium labeling and mechanistic studies revealed a hydride shift and ortho-quinone methide cycloaddition reaction pathway.     

New Direct Synthesis of 3-Nitro-2H-chromenes Using Nitroethylene

The treatment of substituted 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes by nitroethylene, prealably prepared or generated in situ within the reaction, in the presence of di-n-butylamine gave 3-nitro-2H-chromenes in fair to excellent yields.     

An overview of the retro-Diels-Alder reaction in semiunsaturated heterocyclic rings: mass spectra of new substituted 1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinolines and their oxo-analogues 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromenes

Electron impact ionization (EI), chemical ionization (CI), electrospray ionization (ESI) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were used to investigate a number of relatively large and structurally related new heterocycles such as substituted 1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinolines and their oxa-analogues 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromenes. In the EI spectra the hexahydroquinolines undergo the loss of the substituent attached at the C4 position, while the 4H-chromenes undergo a retro-Diels-Alder reaction (RDA) after elimination of the C4 substituent. Under chemical ionization conditions the RDA reaction is observed only for the 4H-chromenes. The ESI-MS/MS spectra reveal results similar to the EI and CI spectra, since the 4H-chromenes undergo RDA reactions while the hexahydroquinolines form a very stable even-electron pyridium ion derived from the loss of the C4 substituent.     

Highly efficient enantioselective three-component synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes catalysed by chiral tertiary amine-thioureas

A three-component cascade reaction of salicylaldehyde, malononitrile/cyanoacetate and nitromethane catalysed by chiral tertiary amino-thioureas was developed, which leads to the production of highly functionalized 2-amino-4H-chromenes in good yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities.     

Cu(I)-catalyzed domino reactions: efficient and selective synthesis of 4H-chromenes and naphthalenes

Depending on the ratio of the substrates and the reaction conditions, the Cu(I)-catalyzed domino reaction between bromobenzyl bromides and β-ketoesters exclusively yields either 4H-chromenes or naphthalenes.     

Iron-catalyzed synthesis of functionalized 2H-chromenes via intramolecular alkyne-carbonyl metathesis

An iron-catalyzed intramolecular alkyne-aldehyde metathesis strategy of the alkynyl ether of salicylaldehyde derivatives has been developed which works under mild reaction conditions to produce the functionalized 2H-chromene derivatives. This protocol is compatible toward a wide range of functional groups, such as methoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, and phenyl groups. This method provides an atom-economical and environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of a series of substituted 2H-chromenes.     

Copper-catalyzed tandem reaction of 2-bromobenzyl bromides with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds leading to 4H-chromenes

A Cu(Ⅰ)-catalyzed one-pot tandem reaction of 2-bromobenzyl bromides with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds leading to 4H-chromene derivatives has been developed.This new approach toward 4H-chromenes combines several reactions in one pot and builds molecular complexity from readily available starting materials.     

Enantioselective one-pot synthesis of 2-amino-4-(indol-3-yl)-4H-chromenes

An enantioselective one-pot synthesis of 2-amino-4-(indol-3-yl)-4H-chromenes via a Knoevenagel/Pinner/Friedel-Crafts reaction of salicylaldehyde, malononitrile, and indole is presented. Moderate to good yields (up to 89%) and high enantioselectivities (up to 90% ee) were obtained with an N,N'-dioxide-Zn(II) complex as the catalyst. This strategy provides an efficient and convenient method to access enantiomerically enriched 2-amino-4H-chromene derivatives.     

Reaction of polyhaloalkyl-substituted chromones, pyrones, and furanones with salicylaldehydes as a direct route to fused 2H-chromenes

Polyhaloalkyl-substituted chromones, gamma-pyrones, and beta-furanones react with salicylaldehydes in the presence of piperidine to give a wide variety of fused 2H-chromenes in good yields. This novel annulation reaction presumably proceeds by a tandem intermolecular oxa-Michael addition and subsequent intramolecular Mannich condensation.     

Efficient and Green Preparation of 2-Amino-4H-chromenes by a Room-Temperature,Na2CO3-Catalyzed,Three-Component Reaction of Malononitrile,Benzaldehydes, and Phloroglucinol or Resorcinol in Aqueous Medium

The preparation of substituted 2-amino-4H-chromenes by a Na₂CO₃-catalyzed reaction of malononitrile, benzaldehydes, and phloroglucinol or resorcinol in aqueous medium and at room temperature is reported. The merits of this procedure include limited use of organic solvents, easy workup technique, and high purity of products. The 2-amino-4H-chromenes were prepared in yields of 54–96%.     

"One-pot" access to 4H-chromenes with formation of a chiral quaternary stereogenic center by a highly enantioselective iminium-allenamine involved oxa-Michael-aldol cascade

An unprecedented organocatalytic highly enantioselective cascade Michael-aldol reaction has been developed in high yields under mild reaction conditions. The "one-pot" process affords an efficient approach to the synthetically and biologically important chiral 4H-chromenes bearing a quaternary stereogenic center. The study significantly expands the scope of less explored organocatalytic iminium-allenamine chemistry.     

Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry of 2H-chromenes

Several 2H-chromenes derived from carbazoles were analyzed by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The 2H-chromenes constitute an important class of compounds that exhibit photochromic activity. The fragmentation pathways of the protonated molecular species [M+H]+ were studied, and main fragmentation pathways of these compounds were identified. Fragmentation pathways of [M+D]+ ions were also studied in order to obtain information about the location of the ionizing proton or deuteron. It was found that the proton is not preferentially located on the nitrogen atom. The charge is preferentially located as a tertiary carbocation, resulting from the uptake of the proton (or deuteron) by the zwitterionic open structure of the chromenes. The major fragmentation occurred by cleavage of the gamma-bond relative to the carbocation center, leading to a fragment at m/z 191 (C5H11+ or C14H9N+), which are the most abundant fragment ions for almost all compounds. The presence of substituents in the chromene ring does not change this behavior. Other observed common fragmentation pathways included loss of CH3* (15 Da), loss of CO (28 Da), combined loss of CO and CH3 (43 Da), and loss of the phenyl ring via combined loss of C6H4 and CH3* (-91 Da) and combined loss of C6H6 and CO (-106 Da).     

Novel synthesis of 2-(trifluoromethyl)- and 2-(perfluoroalkyl)-2-hydroxy-2H-chromenes and their regiospecific reaction with silyl enol ethers

The synthesis of substituted 2-(trifluoromethyl)- and 2-(perfluoroalkyl)-2-hydroxy-2H-chromenes 2a-o was achieved in good yields by intramolecular cyclization of 3-(perfluoroalkyl)-3-phenoxypropenals 1 in the presence of aluminum chloride. Then a Lewis acid mediated nucleophilic reaction with silyl enol ethers 3 proceeded with complete regiospecificity to afford 4-functional 2-(trifluoromethyl)- and 2-(perfluoroalkyl)-4H-chromenes 4a-p with high yields.     

Functionalized CoFe2O4/lamellar mesopore silica anchored to melamine nanocomposite as a novel catalyst for synthesis of 4H-chromenes under mild conditions

In this research, it was displayed an efficient method for the one-pot reaction of cyclohexanone, benzaldehyde and malononitrile for the synthesis of 4H-chromenes by using CoFe₂O₄/lamellar mesopore silica anchored to melamine as a magnetic nanocatalyst. This nanocatalyst was prepared in several steps and discriminated by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, VSM, TGA and BET techniques. The catalyst has a large active base site that has functionalized in both the surface and the pore of nanostructure. The advantages of magnetic nanocatalyst were simple accessible, heterogeneous nanocatalyst, easy work up and reusability. The various derivatives of 4H-chromenes were synthesized in the presence of CoFe₂O₄/lamellar mesopore silica/melamine magnetic nanocatalyst with the excellent yields and appropriate times. The products were identified by the melting point, FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and C.H.N techniques.     

Asymmetric Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with 3-nitro-2H-chromenes catalyzed by diphenylamine-linked bis(oxazoline) and bis(thiazoline) Zn(II) complexes

An efficient diastereo- and enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with 3-nitro-2H-chromenes catalyzed by diphenylamine-linked bis(oxazoline) and bis(thiazoline) Zn(II) complexes has been developed. This asymmetric Friedel-Crafts alkylation led to medicinally privileged indolyl(nitro)chromans in good yields with high enantioselectivities (up to 95% ee) and diastereoselectivities under mild reaction conditions.     

One-pot synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes catalyzed by Fe(ClO4)3/SiO2

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - A highly efficient one-pot three-component synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-chromenes has been developed by annulation of aldehydes, malononitrile and dimedone...     

Synthesis of 2, 2-Dimethyl-2H-chromenes via a Palladium (II) Catalysed Reaction

The antijuvenile hormones Precocene-I, Precocene-II and other bioactive 2, 2-dimethyl-2H-chromenes have been synthesised by intramolecular oxidative cyclisation of 2-isoprenyl phenols catalysed by a palla-dium(II) salt.     

Synthesis and some transformations of functionally-substituted coumarins and 2-thioxo-2H-chromenes

A synthesis has been developed for substituted coumarins and 2-thioxo-2H-chromenes and some of the chemical transformations of these compounds were studied.Yerevan State University, 375049 Yerevan, Armenia. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 909–912, July, 1996. Original article submitted December 30, 1995; revision submitted April 16, 1996.     

A Convenient Synthesis of 2-Acyl-2-alkyl-3-nitro-2H-chromenes

Treatment of 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes by potassium t-butoxide in THF at 0°C, followed by addition of β-nitroenones 1 affords 2-acyl-2-alkyl-4-hydroxy-3-nitrochromanes 3. Subsequent treatment of these nitro alcohols by silica gel at 50°C leads to the desired 2-acyl-2-alkyl-3-nitro-2H-chromenes 4 in good yields.     

支持向量机法用于4-芳基-4氢-苯并比喃化合物的凋亡诱导活性研究

通过计算获得了39个4-芳基-4氢.苯并吡喃化合物的11个结构特征参数,应用逐步线性回归方法对参数进行筛选.并用支持向量回归(SVR)算法,对4-芳基-4氢-苯并吡喃化合物与其凋亡诱导活性进行定量构效关系(QSAR)研究.通过核函数参数的优化,建立了预测模型,训练集和预测集的实验值与计算值的平方相关系数R2分别为0.997和0.893.研究结果表明,支持向量回归算法可用于小样本数的药物分子设计研究,以合成具有更高生物活性的新药物.