利用质量流注入的流激孔腔噪声共振峰抑制

通过数值仿真揭示了开口前缘垂直注入质量流和前壁面平行注入质量流抑制流激孔腔噪声的机制,研究了多参数影响下脉动压力峰值降噪量和总降噪量随质量流注入速度的变化规律。开口前缘垂直注入质量流通过抬升剪切层,避免漩涡冲击开口后缘,抑制流激孔腔噪声脉动压力峰值;在一定范围内质量流注入速度越大,脉动压力峰值降噪量越大,但是低频部分引起的抬升也会越高,导致总降噪量先增大后减小;经优化后的峰值降噪量和总降噪量分别可以达到15dB和9.5dB。开口前壁面平行注入质量流则是通过加强开口处剪切层的稳定性,避免发生漩涡脱落,达到抑制流激孔腔噪声的目的;当质量流入口面积大于孔腔开口前壁面积2/3时,不仅可以显著降低流激孔腔噪声脉动压力的峰值,并且可以很好地抑制其它频段噪声的抬升;质量流注入速度为来流速度的0.5倍时,脉动压力峰值降噪量和总降噪量分别可以达到18dB和15.4dB。     

射流抛光多相紊流流场的数值模拟

 理论分析了射流抛光的紊动冲击射流特点,构建了射流抛光的垂直冲击射流模型和斜冲击射流模型。根据射流抛光冲击射流的特点,比较各种流体模型后,采用RNG k-e 模型应用于射流抛光模型的计算。利用计算流体力学理论的二阶迎风格式对抛光模型方程离散,用SIMPLEC数值计算方法对射流抛光过程的紊动冲击射流和离散相磨粒分布进行数值模拟,得到了射流抛光过程的连续流场和离散相磨粒与水溶液的耦合流场,同时计算出了抛光液射流在工件壁面上的压力、速度、紊动强度、剪切力分布和磨粒体积质量分布,分析了垂直射流抛光模型和斜冲击射流抛光模型紊流流场的特点。     

射流抛光多相紊流流场的数值模拟

理论分析了射流抛光的紊动冲击射流特点,构建了射流抛光的垂直冲击射流模型和斜冲击射流模型。根据射流抛光冲击射流的特点,比较各种流体模型后,采用RNG k-e 模型应用于射流抛光模型的计算。利用计算流体力学理论的二阶迎风格式对抛光模型方程离散,用SIMPLEC数值计算方法对射流抛光过程的紊动冲击射流和离散相磨粒分布进行数值模拟,得到了射流抛光过程的连续流场和离散相磨粒与水溶液的耦合流场,同时计算出了抛光液射流在工件壁面上的压力、速度、紊动强度、剪切力分布和磨粒体积质量分布,分析了垂直射流抛光模型和斜冲击射流抛光模型紊流流场的特点。     

三角波脉动流通栓的晶格玻尔兹曼方法模型

血液栓塞作为心血管疾病的一大诱因, 其形成机理及外部因素一直是医学、生物物理等领域专家关心的问题. 血栓的形成及其结构复杂多样, 大大增加了治愈血栓的难度. 脉动对于疏通血液栓塞有良好的作用, 而由于血液的黏滞作用以及红细胞的惯性, 脉动流的波形、振幅和频率都会影响通栓的效果. 本文主要基于晶格玻尔兹曼方法, 在栓塞的锥形管中, 用三角波脉动流进行通栓计算, 探索三角波脉动流的波形、压差、频率对血管通栓效果的影响. 计算发现, 低频低压条件下三角波脉动流通栓效果不明显, 而高频条件下通栓效果良好; 适当增加压差, 可以提高能通栓的三角波脉动流的频率.     

单环路平板脉动热管定向循环的数值研究

根据脉动热管薄液膜蒸发和凝结相变换热的特点,对基于体积分数法的VOF相变进行了改进,建立了单环路板式脉动热管的三维流固耦合仿真模型,对高充液率下的定向循环工作特性和传热性能进行了数值研究。结果表明:仿真得到的泡状流,柱塞流以及环状流的分布以及转换规律和可视化实验结果较好吻合;在一定的充液率下,随着热负荷的增加,热阻先减小,然后上升,充液率越低,热阻越小,和实验结果的热阻误差在10%以内。分析发现,除了相变换热系数,脉动热管的热阻还和系统压力密切有关,高充液率、高功率下,内部压力(相变温度)上升过快,是其热阻升高的主要原因之一。     

光腔与扩压器化学反应流场优化数值模拟

氧碘化学激光器（COIL）在化学反应条件下,由于光腔及扩压器的气流通道内存在残余化学反应放热,从而导致热堵现象发生,影响了扩压器的正常启动及光腔内超声速流场的流动品质。采用数值模拟方法对COIL光腔与超声速扩压器流道内的化学反应流场进行研究,对超声速扩压器插入段的长度、楔形体的数量级扩散段长度对化学反应流场的影响进行研究。数值模拟结果表明：通过优化插入段及楔形体长度、取消扩压器侧壁的半楔形体,改善了因化学反应放热对光腔及扩压器流场造成的不利影响。优化后,光腔内的流动不再受气流分离产生的斜激波的影响,扩压器二喉道内的分离现象消失,扩压器壁面的分离区减小,出口流动更加均匀,热堵塞现象消失。化学反应条件下的气流总压损失比冷流时提高约15%,光腔与扩压器的总压恢复系数为0.426,进出口的静压比为3.75,比优化前提高了约25%。     

基于MHD的磁射流抛光中流场的分析与模拟

从理论上分析了磁射流抛光中的磁场与流场的相互作用,构建了磁射流抛光的冲击射流模型,基于磁流体动力学对磁射流抛光过程的紊动冲击射流进行数值模拟,得到了磁射流抛光过程的连续流场和射流在工件壁面上的压力、速度、紊动强度分布。通过比较射流抛光和磁射流抛光的数值计算结果,分析了磁流变效应对射流稳定性的影响,从射流的流场、速度、紊动强度等方面分析射流在磁场中稳定的原因。     

Measurement of gas jet flow velocities using laser-induced electrostrictive gratings

We used time-resolved light scattering of cw probe laser radiation from laser-induced electrostrictive gratings for the determination of flow velocities in air at room temperature. Some possibilities of the technique have been experimentally demonstrated with submerged planar air jets in atmosphere, both for accumulated and single-shot measurements. The range of investigated flow velocities was 5–200 m/s. The method of data treatment and of the estimate of the experimental parameters is described. Received: 8 Febuary 2000 / Revised version: 2 May 2000 / Published online: 2 August 2000     

DNS study of swirling intensity effect on flow pattern of a circular jet

Abstract  

The figures show the 3D flow pattern of a circular jet with different swirling intensity. Reynolds number is approximately 4300 computed based on the nozzle diameter (d), jet velocity (U), and air fluid property at 1 atm and 300 K. The overall computational domain is set to be 4 × 4 × 12 d in spanwise, height, and streamwise direction. The governing equations are the fully compressible Navier–Stokes equations, firstly differenced by eighth-order explicit scheme and then advanced temporarily by using the fourth-order explicit Runge–Kutta method. 3D characteristics non-reflecting boundary condition including transverse source contribution is imposed on all other boundaries except the inflow boundary handled by assigning fixed profiles of temperature and velocity. To ensure the simulation resolution, here over 16 million grids are employed in sum, combined with a handful of grids located at buffer zones of outflow boundaries. To correctly represent the vortex in the flow field, velocity gradient tensor invariant Q is used here. And ψ refers to the swirling intensity defined as the ratio of tangential momentum to axis momentum. As shown in velocity profile, the flow pattern of the jet changes from a close mode to a totally open mode as ψ increases from 0.4 to 1.5. Accordingly, the recirculation zone gradually moves upstream and backflow velocity is enlarged as well. It is inteseting to found that the obvious drops of the momentums in two shown directions always occur at the same position downstream, no matter how large the ψ value is. Therefore, a momentum compensatory mechanism is expected to exist in the vortex-abundant zone. With the increase of ψ value, the increased strain rate in tangential direction can induce vortex more quickly, intensifying the entrainment and velocity-attenuation, which can be observed in Q value profile.     

Numerical simulation of water jet breakup under the influence of flow velocity oscillations

Numerical investigations of forced water jet breakup under the influence of harmonic oscillations of the inlet velocity are carried out. An adequate model is used. Areas of jet breakup regimes under the influence of sinusoidal oscillations are determined.     

Study on bi-direction pedestrian flow using cellular automata simulation

A simulation of bi-direction pedestrian flow based on cellular automata (CA) will be presented from two aspects: direction split and pedestrians’ walking habit in this paper. The simulation uses Dynamic Parameters Model (DPM) to simplify tactically the decision-making process of pedestrians in their movements. A new parameter right-hand parameter is introduced to describe the pedestrians’ walking preference. The relationships of velocity–density and flow–density will be studied and analyzed. It is found that there are phase transitions at the critical density point, and the pedestrian flow shows distinctive characteristics at different phases with different relationships of velocity–density and flow–density. It is also found that direction split and pedestrians’ walking habit affect the value of critical density point and the figures of velocity–density and volume–density curves. In conclusion, the simulation can reflect and describe some pedestrian flow self-organization phenomena and transition trend of empirical pedestrian flow curves.     

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分析了磁流体力学效应对液态金属自由表面射流稳定性的影响。从射流的感应电势、电流、速度等方面,解释射流在磁场中稳定的原因。数值计算结果验证了理论分析。     

Direct pore-scale flow simulation using quasi-hydrodynamic equations

The use of the set of quasi-hydrodynamic equations for mathematical simulation of flows of a viscous heat-conducting compressible fluid in digital samples of rocks is considered. On the basis of a computation experiment, the permeability coefficient is determined.     

High-precision pressure shifting measurement technique using frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy

We describe a high-precision method for measuring pressure shifting of absorption lines. The technique involves the acquisition of high-resolution spectra using a cavity ring-down spectrometer whose length is continuously locked to a frequency-stabilized reference laser over a range of sample pressures. We discuss a relatively large correction arising from the pressure-dependence of dispersion in the cavity modes, and we demonstrate pressure shifting measurements in air for transitions in the ¹⁶O₂A-band. Pressure shifts in the range -0.011 to are reported. We measured relative positions of line centers to within 70 kHz and determined pressure shifting coefficients over a 5 kPa pressure range with relative uncertainties approximately equal to 1.0%, which constitutes a five-fold improvement over previous measurements.     

超声速流场条件下激光辐照耦合效应数值模拟

激光辐照结构物包含复杂的多物理场耦合问题,其存在流、热、固多种机制的耦合效应。结合计算流体力学(CFD)和有限元方法,对超声速条件下的激光辐照平板问题进行了热流固耦合分析。采用CFD方法得到平板附近流场分布,利用有限元方法计算平板的温度分布,并将二者结合起来实现流体和固体间的数据交互。理论分析确定了流场效应的最主要影响参数为来流马赫数与攻角。对于不同马赫数,激光区域在6 Ma条件下存在温度的谷值,小于等于6 Ma条件下主要体现为冷却效应,而6 Ma以上主要体现为气动加热效应。攻角增大会导致激光区流体质量流量的增加,使冷却效应更加明显。最后综合分析了流场气动加热和冷却两种效应的产生机制。     

超声速流场条件下激光辐照耦合效应数值模拟

激光辐照结构物包含复杂的多物理场耦合问题,其存在流、热、固多种机制的耦合效应。结合计算流体力学（CFD）和有限元方法,对超声速条件下的激光辐照平板问题进行了热流固耦合分析。采用CFD方法得到平板附近流场分布,利用有限元方法计算平板的温度分布,并将二者结合起来实现流体和固体间的数据交互。理论分析确定了流场效应的最主要影响参数为来流马赫数与攻角。对于不同马赫数,激光区域在6Ma条件下存在温度的谷值,小于等于6Ma条件下主要体现为冷却效应,而6Ma以上主要体现为气动加热效应。攻角增大会导致激光区流体质量流量的增加,使冷却效应更加明显。最后综合分析了流场气动加热和冷却两种效应的产生机制。     

考虑驾驶员预估效应的交通流格子模型与数值仿真

考虑驾驶员的预估效应对车流的影响,提出了一个改进的一维交通流格子模型.基于线性稳定性理论得到了该模型的线性稳定性判据;运用非线性分析方法导出了描述交通阻塞相变时的mKdV方程.应用数值仿真验证了mKdV方程的解,研究表明适当考虑车流中预估效应的作用能够增强交通流稳定性,从而能有效抑制交通阻塞的形成. 关键词： 预估效应 交通流 格子模型 数值仿真