四臂星型聚苯乙烯-聚4-乙烯基吡啶嵌段共聚物纤维状胶束及负载金纳米粒子的研究

通过两步原子转移自由基聚合,制备了4种不同嵌段长度的四臂星型嵌段共聚物苯乙烯-聚4-乙烯基吡啶嵌段共聚物(PS-b-P4VP)4.在选择性溶剂甲苯中,随着嵌段长度的变化,自组装胶束的形态从球型到短棒状和纤维状的转变,其中(PS25-b-P4VP90)4自组装形成的以P4VP为核,以PS为花瓣型壳的纤维状胶束.以这种纤维状胶束作为模板,制备了金纳米粒子均匀分布的一维纳米材料     

双响应性嵌段共聚物聚异丙基丙烯酰胺-b-聚(L-谷氨酸)的合成与表征

通过组合可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)和氨基酸可控开环聚合(ROP)两种方法,合成得到聚异丙基丙烯酰胺-b-聚(L-谷氨酸)嵌段共聚物(PNIPAAm55-b-PLGA35).以5-氨基戊醇、12-硫醇等为原料,合成了新型的芴甲氧基保护的三硫酯链转移剂.使用核磁氢谱、凝胶排阻色谱对产物进行验证.并通过紫外-可见分光光度法、透射电镜、动态光散射表征,证明了该嵌段共聚物具有刺激响应性的胶束化行为.     

基于PAA——PAN嵌段共聚物胶束制备磁性碳纳米粒子

本文采用原子转移自由基聚合方法合成了聚丙烯酸叔丁酯-聚丙烯腈嵌段共聚物(PtBA-b-PAN), 酸解得到聚丙烯酸-聚丙烯腈两亲嵌段共聚物(PAA-b-PAN). 随后, PAA-b-PAN嵌段共聚物在水溶液中自组装形成以PAA为壳, PAN为核的胶束. 用此胶束为模板, 加入FeCl₃溶液后得到了壳层负载Fe³⁺的聚合物纳米粒子, 经230 ℃空气中预氧化, 600 ℃氮气氛煅烧, 得到了核壳结构的, 具有磁性的碳纳米粒子. 用1H NMR, IR, GPC, TGA, TEM, XRD, AGM等技术对嵌段共聚物及纳米粒子进行了表征, 结果表明纳米粒子的壳层含γ-Fe₂O₃, Fe_2.5C混合物, 核含碳, 直径为35 ± 5 nm, 饱和磁化强度为2.16 emu/g. 在分离、吸波和传感器等方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

均聚物链吸附在胶束表面上的非平衡态耗散粒子动力学

利用平衡态耗散粒子动力学（Dissipative Particle Dynamics, DPD）方法,研究了嵌段共聚物自组装形成胶束以及均聚物链在其表面的吸附。进一步采用非平衡态耗散粒子动力学（Non-Equilibrium Dissipative Particle Dynamics, NEDPD）方法,通过加入剪切,研究了均聚物的脱落和胶束的分裂过程。模拟结果揭示了脱落时间随剪切速率的变化规律。     

聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)-b-聚环氧乙烷-b-聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)的合成及其用于毛细管电泳分离碱性蛋白质

用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法合成了结构可控的三嵌段共聚物聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)-b-聚环氧乙烷-b-聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)(P4VP-b-PEO-b-P4VP).用核磁共振氢谱和凝胶渗透色谱对该共聚物进行了表征;将该共聚物作为毛细管物理吸附涂层,用毛细管电泳对碱性混合蛋白质进行了分离.结果表明:蛋白质的分离效率随着P...     

聚(偏氯乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯)-b-聚丙烯酸嵌段共聚物的胶束化行为

通过可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)溶液聚合制备了不同组成的两亲性聚(偏氯乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯)-b-聚丙烯酸(PVDC-b-PAA)嵌段共聚物,采用动态光散射、表面张力仪和透射电镜等研究了PVDC-b-PAA共聚物在水溶液中的胶束化行为,结果表明采用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解、水相渗析可实现PVDC-b-PAA共聚物的自组装,形成均一透明的胶束水溶液;随着亲水PAA嵌段含量的增加,PVDC-b-PAA共聚物的临界胶束浓度逐渐增大;PVDC-b-PAA共聚物自组装形成的胶束呈现典型的球状结构,胶束粒径在70.9~110.9 nm之间,粒径分布较窄;水相p H值影响PVDC-b-PAA共聚物胶束表面zeta电位及胶束的聚集行为,当水相p H值由3变为1,胶束表面由带负电荷变为带正电荷,胶束聚集程度和聚集体平均粒径显著增大,粒径分布变宽.     

反应性嵌段共聚物自组装制备无机纳米粒子研究进展

具有"核-壳"结构的嵌段共聚物胶束具有广泛的用途.本文介绍了反应性嵌段共聚物的自组装技术应用于制备具有独特的光、电、磁等以及催化特性的无机纳米粒子,特别是介绍了近年来在制备纳米贵金属粒子的研究进展.     

温敏性嵌段共聚物纳米胶束的制备及其稳定性

通过N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)和N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAAm)在链转移剂巯基乙醇存在下的自由基共聚,制备了具有端羟基的共聚物P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm).利用其端羟基在异辛酸亚锡催化下引发己内酯开环聚合,得到了两亲性嵌段共聚物P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm)-b-PCL,并在聚己内酯(PCL)链末端引入可光催化反应的不饱和双键.通过1H-NMR、GPC和相转变温度(LCST)等方法对聚合物进行了结构表征,测定了嵌段共聚物形成胶束的临界胶束浓度和胶束粒径,比较了核交联前后胶束的粒径和稳定性.结果表明:通过调节共聚物的组成,可获得LCST在40℃附近的胶束,胶束经核交联后,粒径有所减小,但稳定性明显提高,可用于对药物的温敏控制释放.     

以聚乙二醇-b-聚四乙烯基吡啶为模板制备聚联苯胺微/纳米颗粒及其电容特性

以两亲性嵌段共聚物聚乙二醇-b-聚四乙烯基吡啶(PEO-b-P4VP)为模板制备聚联苯胺微/纳米颗粒,调节模板剂胶束溶液pH,得到了一系列形貌和尺寸可控的聚联苯胺微/纳米颗粒。利用红外光谱、核磁共振、透射电镜、循环伏安、恒电流放电、交流阻抗等测试对材料的结构和性能进行了表征。模板法合成的聚联苯胺为平均直径小于200nm的亚微米至纳米级棒状颗粒,其直径随着模板剂胶束溶液pH的降低而增加。所得聚联苯胺颗粒均显示了一定的电化学活性,当电流密度为1A/g时,聚联苯胺的比电容量达到306.3F/g,经过长时间的充放电测试,不同条件下合成的聚联苯胺的容量衰减率均很小,表现出良好的循环稳定性且各样品电化学性能呈现出随着直径的减小而增强的趋势。     

聚苯乙烯-聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)嵌段共聚物LB膜结构形态的研究

采用氯仿作为铺展溶剂,将嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)(PS-b-P4VP)稀溶液铺展于空气与水界面上,利用Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)膜技术转移至固体基底.研究了不同的嵌段比、表面压和小分子1-芘丁酸(PBA)的加入对嵌段共聚物气液界面聚集组装的影响.研究发现随着亲水段(P4VP)的增加,聚集组装结构由纳米片状、带状转变成纳米条状、纳米点状结构.表面压对纯PS-b-P4VP聚集组装产生影响,表面压增大,组装体排列紧密;随着表面压的继续增大,单层聚集结构遭到破坏,发生堆叠.加入PBA小分子后,PBA与PS-b-P4VP形成氢键,形态发生明显变化,原来的片状结构转变为条状或点状结构.     

两亲性嵌段共聚物的自组装及载药胶束的研究

采用可逆-加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)技术合成了两亲性嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇单甲醚-b-聚苯乙烯(PSt-b-POEOMA-b-PSt),通过FT-IR、1 HNMR、GPC确定共聚物的结构。将三个具有不同嵌段比的共聚物在水溶液中自组装,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察得到的胶束的形貌,发现随着亲水性嵌段的比例减小,胶束的直径略微减小。通过透析方法,以共聚物作为载体,负载维生素E,TEM观察载药胶束的形貌,仍然为核-壳状的球形胶束。差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试共聚物载药胶束前后的热性能,发现药物分子在载入内核的过程中,聚苯乙烯的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)有所降低。通过紫外(UV)分析计算得出共聚物的药物负载量(DLC)为70%～80%。     

meso-四(4-磺基苯基)卟啉(TPPS)在水及胶束体系中的二聚行为研究

研究了meso-四（4-磺基苯基）卟啉（TPPS）在胶束（TritonX－100）、KCl水溶液中的电子吸收光谱变化,计算了TPPS的二聚常数KD,用分光光度法研究了TPPS在KCI水溶液中的二聚反应动力学,提出了与实验结果相吻合的二聚机理．根据温度对二聚平衡的影响,计算了二聚平衡的乙和     

Hybridization of poly(4-vinyl pyridine)-b-polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) aggregates in dioxane/water solution

Self-assembly of binary blends of two triblock copolymers of poly(4-vinyl pyridine)-b-polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinyl pyridine), i.e., P4VP₄₃-b-PS₂₆₀-b-P4VP₄₃ (P1) and P4VP₄₃-b-PS₃₆₆-b-P4VP₄₃ (P2), in dioxane/water solution was studied. These two triblock copolymers individually tend to form vesicles (P2) and cylindrical micelles (P1) in dilute solution. It was found that copolymer components in the blend, sample preparation method, and annealing time had significant effect on hybridization aggregate morphology. By increasing P1 content in the copolymer blends, fraction of looped and stretched cylinders increased, while fraction of bilayers decreased. Nearly no bilayer was observed when P1 content was above 85 wt%. On the other hand, fraction of cylinders decreased while fraction of bilayers increased with the increase of P2 content in copolymer blends. Lamellar structures were obtained, when P2 content was 60 wt% in the copolymer blends, whereas cylinders were seldom found when P2 content was above 80 wt%. These results indicate that P1 and P2 copolymer molecules cooperatively participate in the formation of cylinders and vesicles. Some exotic structures, such as lamellae with protruding cylinders (LPC), incomplete vesicles with protruding cylinders (VPC), and cylindrical bilayers, have been kinetically trapped. These structures may result from intramicellar fusion processes in cylindrical micelles. The striking structures represent a compromise between bilayer and cylindrical geometries.     

嵌段共聚物自组装及其在纳米材料制备中的应用(上)

嵌段共聚物分子链中，嵌段间的相互热力学不相容性及化学键相连接性，使体系发生自组装，通过适当的分子及体系设计，嵌段共聚物体系能够自组装形成丰富的周期性有序微结构。本文概要地总结了嵌段共聚物体系主要的三方面自组装物理行为：本体自组装、在选择性溶剂中的缔合，及薄膜自组装，同时，介绍了这三方面的一些新的研究进展。     

Adsorption of polystyrene-poly(4-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer on the assembled latex film

The Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique was effectively used to embed anionic polystyrene (PS) latex particles into the assembled film deposited on a glass substrate. The high surface coverage of particles on poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI)-coated glass, determined from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (80%), was attained within 1 h when using the latex containing sodium chloride (5 × 10⁻⁵ mol/l) at pH 6. After immersing the particles coated substrate in the polystyrene-poly(4-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer (PS-PVPy) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, the contact angle value indicated that the PS-PVPy could be adsorbed on the film to provide PS block at the outermost layer. The selective solvent, block length of PVPy, latex concentration, immersion time and ionic strength of aqueous solution of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) previously adsorbed on the substrate showed influence on the adsorption of the block copolymer and, hence, the contact angle of the film.     

Preparation of organic/inorganic hybrid nanomaterials using aggregates of poly(stearyl methacrylate)-b-poly(3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate) as precursor

A novel brush-type amphiphilic copolymer of PSMA-b-PTMSPMA was synthesized via ATRP technique. As-synthesized polymer was characterized by GPC and ¹H NMR. It was of interest that the resultant polymer could self-assemble into micelles with different morphologies and sizes in selective solvents by adjusting the copolymer concentrations. These aggregates could be prepared into novel stable organic/inorganic hybrid nanomaterials by the gelation process. The size and structure of these aggregates and the corresponding hybrid nanomaterials were observed by TEM.     

稀溶液滴膜法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯伸展链及其构象转变

采用聚苯乙烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物(PS-b-PMMA)的甲苯稀溶液滴膜法制备PMMA伸展链,用原子力显微镜观察了PMMA分子链形貌及其在丙酮、水蒸气退火后的构象转变.结果表明,浓度(聚合物质量/溶液质量)为1×10~(-6)的PS-b-PMMA甲苯溶液可以在云母基底表面制备出高度为0.2 nm、长度为100~300 nm的PMMA伸展链;该方法可以适用于不同分子量的PS-b-PMMA共聚物,当PMMA嵌段分子链大于PS时,更容易制备高度伸展的PMMA分子链.丙酮蒸气退火可使胶束中的PMMA伸展链迅速收缩并与PS核融为一体变成球形结构.水蒸气退火作用下PMMA分子链的构象转变与制备胶束的起始浓度有关,浓度为1×10~(-6)的胶束只形成球状结构;浓度为5×10~(-6)的胶束含有较多的PMMA伸展链,在水蒸气退火后可形成花状胶束并可以组装成周围带有台阶状PMMA分子层的棒状胶束.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Thermo-responsive Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone)-block-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Micelles

A novel thermo-responsive diblock copolymer of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone)-block-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNVP-b-PNIPAM) was synthesized. FT-IR, ¹H-NMR and SEC results confirmed the successful synthesis of PNVP-b-PNIPAM diblock copolymer via anionic polymerization. The polymeric micelles formed from PNVP-b-PNIPAM copolymer in aqueous solution were developed and characterized as a potential thermo-responsive and biocompatible drug delivery system. Micellization of the diblock copolymer in aqueous solution was characterized by dynamic laser scattering (DLS), turbidity measurement, tension measurement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermo-responsive polymeric micelles with the size ranges of 200 to 260 nm and thickness of 30 nm are localized, selected and targeted for drug release, having a great potential in response to external-stimulus such as temperatures from 35 to 39°C. The critical micellization concentration (cmc) of PNVP-b-PNIPAM in aqueous solution is 0.0026 wt% determined by turbidity measurement. The size of micelles determined by DLS increased from 163 to 329 nm with increasing concentration of PNVP-b-PNIPAM from 0.25 to 0.5 wt% in aqueous solution at 40°C, which is determined by DLS.     

Complexation induced by weak interaction between DNA and PEO-b-P4VP below the CMC of the polymer

The complexation between circular DNA and individual chains of PEO-b-P4VP with a relatively long PEO block and a short P4VP block is highly controllable when the interaction between DNA and the polymer is weak enough. When one circular DNA chain is taken into consideration, and the polymer concentration is far below its critical micelle concentration(CMC), polymer chains are absorbed by DNA chain due to the interaction between the negatively charged DNA chain and the slightly positively charged P4VP block chains. After the adsorption/complexation, the DNA chain is converted into a nanoring(type 1). In the nanoring, the DNA chain is sufficiently wrapped by the polymer and adopts a fully stretched conformation, so that the DNA compact ratio in the nanorings is close to 1. When the polymer concentration is close to but lower than the CMC, the free polymer chains in the solution are adsorbed not only by the DNA chain but also by the polymer chains that have already been adsorbed on the DNA chain. As a result, the circular DNA chain adsorbs more polymer chains, and thus the resultant nanoring(type 2) has a larger width. In the type 2 nanoring, the DNA chain is slightly compressed; the DNA compact ratio is only about 2-3. Therefore, complexation induced by the weak interaction between DNA and PEO-b-P4VP below the CMC can produce narrow-disperse and large nanorings with a perimeter of micrometers, which are difficult to prepare by existing methods.     

Use of Micelles in the TLC Separation of Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds and Amino Acids

Abstract

The polynuclear aromatic compounds (PNA): anthracene, napthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, pyrenecarboxaldehyde, benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (e) pyrene, perylene and fluorene can be chromatographed on polyamide TLC sheets using an aqueous micellar solution cf sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as the mobile phase. Reversed micellar solutions (of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate) were used in a reverse phase chromatographic separation of amino acids. Some amino acids tended to streak slightly rather than move as discrete spots. Conditions could be adjusted, however, so that most of the amino acids and all PNA's would move as spots.