Tracking noisy limit cycle oscillation with nonlinear filters

For engineering systems, the dynamic state estimates provide valuable information for the detection and prediction of failure due to noise and vibration. From this perspective, nonlinear filtering techniques are applied to the problem of state estimation of dynamical systems undergoing noisy limit cycle oscillation. Specifically, the extended Kalman filter, ensemble Kalman filter and particle filter are used to track the limit cycle oscillations of a Duffing oscillator using noisy observational data. The noisy limit cycle oscillations feature highly non-Gaussian trends. The efficiency and limitations of the extended Kalman filter, ensemble Kalman filter and particle filter in tracking limit cycle oscillations are examined with respect to the model and measurement noise and sparsity of measurement data. For the limit cycle oscillations considered here, it is demonstrated that the ensemble Kalman filter and particle filter outperform the extended Kalman filter in the presence of sparse observational data or strong measurement noise. For moderate measurement noise and frequent measurement data, the ensemble Kalman filter and particle filter perform equally well in comparison to the extended Kalman filter.     

Fundamental investigation of charge injection type of electrostatic oil filter (effect of filter element on filtration speed)

This paper deals with the effect of filter element on the filtration speed of a charge injection type of electrostatic oil filter proposed by Yanada and his coworkers. The effect of the filter elements that are inserted between the emitter and collector electrodes on the filtration speed is examined using several types of oil. In order to discuss the effect of the filter elements on the filtration speed, numerical simulations of electrostatic field are conducted and ion drag flow patterns are measured using two-dimensional filter models. An optimal filter configuration is proposed.     

基于科赫曲线分形结构太赫兹带通滤波器

太赫兹滤波器是太赫兹通信、太赫兹成像和太赫兹检测等太赫兹应用系统中不可或缺的功能器件。按照不同的分类方式,滤波器有不同的种类,常见的按照选频功能可分为高通滤波器、低通滤波器、带阻滤波器和带通滤波器。为了实现在太赫兹波段的滤波效果,世界各地的研究人员利用不同的结构、材料和控制方式实现了功能各异的太赫兹滤波器,但是考虑到设计的器件要应用到太赫兹系统中,成本低廉、结构简单、性能优越的太赫兹滤波器一直是研究人员的追求。分形概念自提出以来在很多研究领域都有了快速发展,但是在太赫兹波段的应用还不是很常见,特别是应用于太赫兹功能器件的设计。引入分形中科赫曲线的概念设计并制备了一种新型的太赫兹带通滤波器,该滤波器是在金属薄膜上刻蚀出科赫曲线分形结构,当太赫兹波垂直入射到该滤波器时候实现了在太赫兹波段的窄带滤波。在滤波器的设计过程中,追求理论与实验相结合,首先在电磁仿真软件中建立科赫曲线分形结构滤波器模型进行计算,探究分形结构应用于太赫兹波段进行滤波的可行性,在进行多次计算之后得到优化后的尺寸和结构,然后根据优化后的尺寸加工出科赫曲线分形结构太赫兹滤波器样品,并且将样品放在太赫兹时域光谱系统中进行实验测量,得到实验数据后与仿真结果进行比较。在仿真中利用了时域有限差分法模拟科赫曲线分形结构太赫兹带通滤波器的传输特性,优化后的仿真结果表明:滤波器的谐振频率为0.715 THz,透射系数能够达到0.92,-3 dB带宽为21.9 GHz,将仿真得到的散射参数进行S参数反演得到了太赫兹滤波器样品的电磁参数,这在理论上分析了太赫兹波在谐振点处产生透射增强的原因。利用飞秒激光微加工系统制备了尺寸优化后的科赫曲线分形结构太赫兹带通滤波器样品,然后使用太赫兹时域光谱系统对样品的传输特性进行测试,对实验得到的时域数据进行快速傅里叶变换之后得到频域数据,再把频域数据进行归一化处理后与之前的电磁仿真结果进行对比,发现实验测得的结果与电磁软件仿真得到的结果较为吻合。     

Comparison of the roex and gammachirp filters as representations of the auditory filter

Although the rounded-exponential (roex) filter has been successfully used to represent the magnitude response of the auditory filter, recent studies with the roex(p, w, t) filter reveal two serious problems: the fits to notched-noise masking data are somewhat unstable unless the filter is reduced to a physically unrealizable form, and there is no time-domain version of the roex(p, w, t) filter to support modeling of the perception of complex sounds. This paper describes a compressive gammachirp (cGC) filter with the same architecture as the roex(p, w, t) which can be implemented in the time domain. The gain and asymmetry of this parallel cGC filter are shown to be comparable to those of the roex(p, w, t) filter, but the fits to masking data are still somewhat unstable. The roex(p, w, t) and parallel cGC filters were also compared with the cascade cGC filter [Patterson et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 1529-1542 (2003)], which was found to provide an equivalent fit with 25% fewer coefficients. Moreover, the fits were stable. The advantage of the cascade cGC filter appears to derive from its parsimonious representation of the high-frequency side of the filter. It is concluded that cGC filters offer better prospects than roex filters for the representation of the auditory filter.     

一种级联马赫-曾德尔滤波器设计的新方法

级联马赫—曾德尔干涉仪滤波器可实现平顶化的滤波器频谱响应,但是利用传统的传输矩阵法。并不能方便地得到级联马赫—曾德尔干涉仪滤波器中各耦合器的耦合系数。将级联马赫—曾德尔干涉仪滤波器与数字信号处理中的有限脉冲响应滤波器进行了类比,并将数字滤波器的设计方法引入到级联马赫—曾德尔干涉仪滤波器的设计中,将滤波器的传输函数表示成为各耦合器耦合系数的显式函数,同时利用遗传算法,计算了对于给定的滤波器频谱响应,级联马赫—曾德尔干涉仪光滤波器中各耦合器的耦合系数。通过实例证明了利用数字滤波器的设计方法及遗传算法设计级联马赫—曾德尔干涉仪光滤波器,不仅可以得到理想的结果,而且可以提高光滤波器的设计效率。     

A new shunt DC active filter of power supply in a steady high magnetic field facility

A DC active power filter is an indispensable part in a high power and high stability power supply system, especially in the power supply system of the Steady High Magnetic Field Facility, which requires that the current ripple should be limited to 50 parts per million. In view of the disadvantages of the series DC active power filter and shunt Pulse Width Modulation DC active filter, this paper puts forward a novel DC active filter by combining the advantages of the transistor regulator and the shunt type. The structure and principle of the new shunt linear active filter are introduced. Meanwhile, the design of several key components that construct the new shunt linear active filter is also analyzed. The simulation model and an experimental prototype of the shunt linear active filter are developed, and the results verify that the parameter design is reasonable and the shunt active filter has a good filter effect.     

Tuneable edge enhancement filters for optical correlation

Difference of Gaussian (DOG) filters, a form of wavelet filter, are an extremely useful preprocessing tool for the enhancement of image edge data. The DOG filter is highly tuneable by control of the standard deviations of its constituent Gaussian distributions. These can be used in the frequency plane of optical correlators and implemented in the form of a static non-updateable filter. This article reports on a simple optical technique using photorefractive materials whereby a filter, updateable in real time and very similar to the DOG filter, is implemented by tuning the intensity of the hologram reference wave to give enhanced modulation in a selectable frequency band. This is called a tuneable photorefractive (TPR) filter. The results of the DOG and TPR filters are compared with those of the phase-only filter and classical matched spatial filter with respect to the criteria of signal-to-noise ratio, Horner efficiency and discrimination capability.     

基于双SSLR的小型化双通带带通滤波器设计

设计了一种新的具有良好选择性的小型化的双模双通带带通滤波器。该滤波器的谐振结构由两个短路枝节加载谐振器(SSLR)连接到同一个接地金属柱构成。首先通过奇偶模分析方法分析单个SSLR的谐振频率,得到谐振频率的变化规律;然后为了实现滤波器的小型化,将两个SSLR连接到同一个金属柱上并且折叠微带线,通过调节枝节长度分析滤波器通带的变化;设计中使用双枝节分别对谐振器馈电的结构,并且引入了源与负载耦合,可以在上阻带多提供一个传输零点,以提高阻带抑制;最后对滤波器的传输零点进行分析,提高滤波器的选择性。通过上述的分析,对该滤波器进行仿真、加工以及测试,得到最后实物的测试结果与软件的仿真结果较为一致。     

Energy filter composed of cylindrical and planar electrodes with the rectilinear trajectory of a charged particle beam at the entrance to and the exit from the system

In order to improve the resolution of an energy filter composed of cylindrical and planar electrodes with grounded diaphragms at the end faces, its operating mode in which a charged particle beam crosses the longitudinal axis of the filter twice is studied theoretically. The geometry and blending capacity of the filter that maximize its energy resolution are found. The parameters of the filter under study are compared with those of a similar energy filter in which the beam crosses the longitudinal axis once.     

Tunable dual-band infrared polarization filter based on a metal-dielectric-metal compound rectangular strip array

A tunable dual-band infrared polarization filter is proposed and investigated. Based on the perfect absorption characteristic of the metal-dielectric-metal sandwich structure, the reflection spectrum performs as a filter. The filter consists of three layers. The top layer is a compound metal nano-structure array comprised of rectangular strips. The middle and bottom layers are a dielectric spacer and metal film, respectively. The calculated results show that the filter properties are closely related to the polarization of the incident light. Different dual-band wavelengths are filtered while the incident light has different polarizations, which are parallel or vertical to the x axis. Moreover, it is found that the resonant wavelength strongly depends on the length of the rectangular strip(which causes the resonant effect) and is independent of other strips. Therefore, the filter wavelengths can be tuned freely by adjusting the length of the corresponding rectangular strip. In addition, the calculated results show that all of the intensities at the filter wavelengths are closed to zero, which implies that the filter exhibits good filtering performance.     

三区复振幅光瞳滤波器

利用光瞳滤波器来改变光在焦斑处的分布,是实现光学超分辨的有效途径。由于受到制作上的影响,现有的光瞳滤波器大都是纯相位型或者纯振幅型的。与纯相位或者纯振幅型光瞳滤波器相比较,复振幅型光瞳滤波器能够实现更好的滤波效果。不过由于制作上的困难,影响了复振幅的光瞳滤波器在实际中的应用。为此给出了一种相对容易实现的复振幅型光瞳滤波器,通过计算表明：在横向具有相同的第一零点比和斯特雷尔比下,该复振幅型光瞳滤波器的旁斑强度比优于纯相位型光瞳滤波器50％,并且有效地降低了纯相位型光瞳滤波器的轴向加宽。     

一种带有陷波单元的高温超导滤波器设计

提出了一种带有陷波单元的新型高温超导滤波器设计结构,在输入、输出馈线附近设置陷波单元对特定频率产生陷波作用,在滤波器的传输特性上成传输零点,提高了滤波器设计的灵活性,基于这种新型结构设计了高边缘陡峭度滤波器和邻频双通带滤波器.     

Two-way code translation by computer-generated holographic filters

In two-way code translation, we want to design a single holographic filter that can work in two directions: It converts one specific image into a second associated image, and it can also convert the second image into the first image. Such a filter could be used perhaps as an associative memory. To generate the filter phase properly for the two filtering processes, we can use two complex conjugate filter functions, as they are incorporated automatically in a holographic filter. The filter amplitude cannot in general be made exactly correct for both filtering processes. We investigated different error criteria for the optimization of the filter amplitude, with and without noise in the input. Computer simulations are shown.     

Performance analysis of WDM-PON architecture using different receiver filters

In this paper the performance effect of a 40 Gb/s Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (WDM-PON) is analyzed using different receiver filters namely Integrator filter, Bessel filter, Butterworth filter, Chebyshev filter, Inverse Chebyshev filter, Elliptic filter, Gaussian filter and Rectangular filter. The data rate and channel spacing are taken as 10 Gb/s per channel and 100 GHz, respectively. Among all the investigated filters, Bessel filter is considered to be the best one for WDM-PON network by the obtained BER and Q factor values.     

楔角参量对角度调谐滤光片反射特性影响的光谱学研究

三端口可调谐滤波器是全光智能交换网络和密集波分复用系统中的核心器件。其反射端口的光谱特性,尤其是反射率和信道隔离度对于滤波器的性能至关重要。角度调谐滤光片因其良好的矩形度和温度稳定性被广泛应用于三端口可调谐滤波器的制备,其反射端口的光谱特性不仅与倾斜入射角度的大小有关,而且与其非平行端面间的楔角参量有关。文章详细分析了楔角参量对非平行角度调谐滤光片的反射率及半宽的影响,仿真计算了楔角参量在不同极性和大小条件下角度调谐滤光片的反射光谱特性,揭示了保持适当的楔角参量和方向性可以改善倾斜入射状态下滤光片的反射光谱特性。设计并制备了楔角为0.8°的楔形角度调谐滤光片,实验证明了当保持楔角方向与倾斜入射方向相同时会严重的劣化透反射光谱的半宽和隔离度,方向相反时则可以改善反射光谱的反射率和半宽指标。通过负楔角参量的引入使得角度调谐滤光片较之高平行度的同类器件具有更高的反射率和信道隔离度。     

强激光束在柱面镜空间滤波器中的传输特性

为了解决空间滤波器滤波针孔堵孔问题,提出了一种新型柱面镜空间滤波器,新型柱面镜空间滤波器由柱面镜和狭缝构成。利用线性传输理论,对高功率激光束在新型柱面镜空间滤波器中的传输特性进行了数值模拟。结果表明:新型柱面镜空间滤波器的焦斑面积比传统滤波器大,而焦斑功率密度较小;新型柱面镜空间滤波器的滤波效果与传统滤波器相同,近场均匀性也相同。因此新型柱面镜空间滤波器能够抑制空间滤波器堵孔效应,可以缩短空间滤波器系统透镜焦距,从而提高功率装置的整体性价比。由此,采用新型柱面镜空间滤波器替换传统球面镜空间滤波器具有可行性。     

反射式窄带全息滤光片

根据耦合波理论,体积全息图有很好的滤光特性,可以作为一种窄带滤光片在实际中得到应用.本文针对峰值波长、带宽和衍射效率这三个主要参数讨论了全息滤光片的性质,提出了全息滤光片的设计步骤,并指出了全息滤光片的特点及应用前景.     

一种采用互补结构的宽阻带共模缺陷地滤波器

为了抑制高速差分信号传输中的共模噪声, 提出了一种基于低成本FR4材料制作的互补型缺陷地结构(defected ground structure, DGS)共模阻带滤波器. 滤波器两边采用对称性酒杯形DGS结构, 中间采用对称伞形DGS结构. 由于这两种DGS 结构互补, 整个滤波器结构紧凑, 可以实现小面积设计目的; 另外, 由于三个DGS结构相邻较近, 相互之间存在互感, 可以通过改变相互之间的距离来调节相互之间的互感, 从而实现宽阻带滤波的目的. 仿真和测试结果表明, 该DGS滤波器的差模信号损耗小, 在抑制共模噪声20 dB条件下其阻带范围为4.8–11.4 GHz, 而且面积仅为10 mm×10 mm. 与周期性DGS结构相比, 本方法在相同共模噪声抑制深度下, 具有占用面积不到30%、阻带宽度增加约50%等优点.     

空间滤波法检测透明材料的相位缺陷

利用二元滤波器改造透明材料光信号频谱,实现光信号的相位调制到光信号的强度调制,从而检测到透明材料的相位缺陷.给出了利用高通滤波器、低通滤波器、相位滤波器、刀口滤波器检测人工相位缺陷和普通玻璃的自然相位缺陷的试验结果.     

宽带飞秒脉冲双折射干涉滤波的研究

对宽带飞秒脉冲双折射干涉滤波进行了理论和实验研究。首先给出了一种新型的双折射干涉滤波器的原理和设计，得到了输出滤波光谱强度分布的解析表达式。然后进行了15fs宽带脉冲的干涉滤波的实验研究，实验得到了一组性能良好的透射和反射输出的干涉滤波谱图，实验测量与理论计算基本一致。同时还分析了群速失配以及色散对宽带飞秒脉冲双折射干涉滤波的影响。结果表明这种滤波器对宽带飞秒脉冲有很好的干涉滤波作用，能同时前向透射和侧向反射干涉滤波输出，且无插入功率损耗，可以用来获得波长稳定的多波长可调谐超短脉冲光源。对于飞秒脉冲干涉滤波器的设计和应用具有重要的参考价值。