Liouville type theorems for fourth order elliptic equations in a half plane

Consider an elliptic equation in the half plane with boundary conditions if and if where are second and third order differential operators. It is proved that if and, for some , if if where for some nonnegative integer , then . Results of this type are also established in case under different conditions on and ; furthermore, in one case has a lower order term which depends nonlocally on . Such Liouville type theorems arise in the study of coating flow; in fact, they play a crucial role in the analysis of the linearized version of this problem. The methods developed in this paper are entirely different for the two cases (i) and (ii) ; both methods can be extended to other linear elliptic boundary value problems in a half plane.

     

The local dimensions of the Bernoulli convolution associated with the golden number

Let be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables each taking values of 1 and with equal probability. For satisfying the equation , let be the probability measure induced by . For any in the range of , let

be the local dimension of at whenever the limit exists. We prove that

where , are respectively the maximum and minimum values of the local dimensions. If , then is the golden number, and the approximate numerical values are and .

     

Only single twists on unknots can produce composite knots

Let be a knot in the -sphere , and a disc in meeting transversely more than once in the interior. For non-triviality we assume that over all isotopy of . Let () be a knot obtained from by cutting and -twisting along the disc (or equivalently, performing -Dehn surgery on ). Then we prove the following: (1) If is a trivial knot and is a composite knot, then ; (2) if is a composite knot without locally knotted arc in and is also a composite knot, then . We exhibit some examples which demonstrate that both results are sharp. Independently Chaim Goodman-Strauss has obtained similar results in a quite different method.

     

Generalized Weil's reciprocity law and multiplicativity theorems

Fix a one-dimensional group variety with Euler-characteristic , and a quasi-projective variety , both defined over . For any and constructible sheaf on , we construct an invariant , which provides substantial information about the topology of the fiber-structure of and the structure of along the fibers of . Moreover, is a group homomorphism.

     

Boundary limits and non-integrability of )

In this paper we consider weighted non-tangential and tangential boundary limits of non-negative functions on the unit ball in that are subharmonic with respect to the Laplace-Beltrami operator on . Since the operator is invariant under the group of holomorphic automorphisms of , functions that are subharmonic with respect to are usually referred to as -subharmonic functions. Our main result is as follows: Let be a non-negative -subharmonic function on satisfying

for some and some , where is the -invariant measure on . Suppose . Then for a.e. ,

uniformly as in each , where for ( when )

We also prove that for the only non-negative -subharmonic function satisfying the above integrability criteria is the zero function.

     

Symmetric powers of complete modules over a two-dimensional regular local ring

Let be a two-dimensional regular local ring with infinite residue field. For a finitely generated, torsion-free -module , write for the th symmetric power of , mod torsion. We study the modules , , when is complete (i.e., integrally closed). In particular, we show that , for any minimal reduction and that the ring is Cohen-Macaulay.

     

An isometry theorem for quadratic differentials on Riemann surfaces of finite genus

Assume both and are Riemann surfaces which are subsets of compact Riemann surfaces and respectively, and that the set has infinitely many points. We show that the only surjective complex linear isometries between the spaces of integrable holomorphic quadratic differentials on and are the ones induced by conformal homeomorphisms and complex constants of modulus 1. It follows that every biholomorphic map from the Teichmüller space of onto the Teichmüller space of is induced by some quasiconformal map of onto . Consequently we can find an uncountable set of Riemann surfaces whose Teichmüller spaces are not biholomorphically equivalent.

     

The quantum analog of a symmetric pair: a construction in type

Let be the ideal in the enveloping algebra of generated by the maximal compact subalgebra of . In this paper we construct an analog of in the quantized enveloping algebra corresponding to a type diagram at generic . We find generators for and explicit bases for .

     

A Characterization of Finitely Decidable Congruence Modular Varieties

For every finitely generated, congruence modular variety of finite type we find a finite family of finite rings such that the variety is finitely decidable if and only if is congruence permutable and residually small, all solvable congruences in finite algebras from are Abelian, each congruence above the centralizer of the monolith of a subdirectly irreducible algebra from is comparable with all congruences of , each homomorphic image of a subdirectly irreducible algebra with a non-Abelian monolith has a non-Abelian monolith, and, for each ring from , the variety of -modules is finitely decidable.

     

On the Denjoy rank, the Kechris-Woodin rank and the Zalcwasser rank

We show that the Denjoy rank and the Zalcwasser rank are incomparable. We construct for any countable ordinal differentiable functions and such that the Zalcwasser rank and the Kechris-Woodin rank of are but the Denjoy rank of is 2 and the Denjoy rank and the Kechris-Woodin rank of are but the Zalcwasser rank of is 1. We then derive a theorem that shows the surprising behavior of the Denjoy rank, the Kechris-Woodin rank and the Zalcwasser rank.

     

Bloch constants of bounded symmetric domains

Let and be two irreducible bounded symmetric domains in the complex spaces and respectively. Let be the Euclidean metric on and the Bergman metric on . The Bloch constant is defined to be the supremum of , taken over all the holomorphic functions and , and nonzero vectors . We find the constants for all the irreducible bounded symmetric domains and . As a special case we answer an open question of Cohen and Colonna.

     

On the Faber coefficients of functions univalent in an ellipse

Let be the elliptical domain

Let denote the class of functions analytic and univalent in and satisfying the conditions and . In this paper, we obtain global sharp bounds for the Faber coefficients of the functions in certain related classes and subclasses of

     

Congruences between Modular Forms, Cyclic Isogenies of Modular Elliptic Curves, and Integrality of -Functions

Let be a congruence subgroup of type and of level . We study congruences between weight 2 normalized newforms and Eisenstein series on modulo a prime above a rational prime . Assume that , is a common eigenfunction for all Hecke operators and is ordinary at . We show that the abelian variety associated to and the cuspidal subgroup associated to intersect non-trivially in their -torsion points. Let be a modular elliptic curve over with good ordinary reduction at . We apply the above result to show that an isogeny of degree divisible by from the optimal curve in the -isogeny class of elliptic curves containing to extends to an étale morphism of Néron models over if . We use this to show that -adic distributions associated to the -adic -functions of are -valued.

     

Unramified cohomology and Witt groups of anisotropic Pfister quadrics

The unramified Witt group of an anisotropic conic over a field , with , defined by the form is known to be a quotient of the Witt group of and isomorphic to . We compute the unramified cohomology group , where is the three dimensional anisotropic quadric defined by the quadratic form over . We use these computations to study the unramified Witt group of .

     

Absolute Borel sets and function spaces

An internal characterization of metric spaces which are absolute Borel sets of multiplicative classes is given. This characterization uses complete sequences of covers, a notion introduced by Frolík for characterizing Cech-complete spaces. We also show that the absolute Borel class of is determined by the uniform structure of the space of continuous functions ; however the case of absolute metric spaces is still open. More precisely, we prove that, for metrizable spaces and , if is a uniformly continuous surjection and is an absolute Borel set of multiplicative (resp., additive) class , , then is also an absolute Borel set of the same class. This result is new even if is a linear homeomorphism, and extends a result of Baars, de Groot, and Pelant which shows that the \v{C}ech-completeness of a metric space is determined by the linear structure of .

     

The nonexistence of expansive homeomorphisms of a class of continua which contains all decomposable circle-like continua

A homeomorphism of a compactum with metric is expansive if there is such that if and , then there is an integer such that . It is well-known that -adic solenoids () admit expansive homeomorphisms, each is an indecomposable continuum, and cannot be embedded into the plane. In case of plane continua, the following interesting problem remains open: For each , does there exist a plane continuum so that admits an expansive homeomorphism and separates the plane into components? For the case , the typical plane continua are circle-like continua, and every decomposable circle-like continuum can be embedded into the plane. Naturally, one may ask the following question: Does there exist a decomposable circle-like continuum admitting expansive homeomorphisms? In this paper, we prove that a class of continua, which contains all chainable continua, some continuous curves of pseudo-arcs constructed by W. Lewis and all decomposable circle-like continua, admits no expansive homeomorphisms. In particular, any decomposable circle-like continuum admits no expansive homeomorphism. Also, we show that if is an expansive homeomorphism of a circle-like continuum , then is itself weakly chaotic in the sense of Devaney.

     

Coherent functors, with application to torsion in the Picard group

Let be a commutative noetherian ring. We investigate a class of functors from commutative -algebras to sets, which we call coherent. When such a functor in fact takes its values in abelian groups, we show that there are only finitely many prime numbers such that is infinite, and that none of these primes are invertible in . This (and related statements) yield information about torsion in . For example, if is of finite type over , we prove that the torsion in is supported at a finite set of primes, and if is infinite, then the prime is not invertible in . These results use the (already known) fact that if such an is normal, then is finitely generated. We obtain a parallel result for a reduced scheme of finite type over . We classify the groups which can occur as the Picard group of a scheme of finite type over a finite field.

     

Linear isometries between subspaces of continuous functions

We say that a linear subspace of is strongly separating if given any pair of distinct points of the locally compact space , then there exists such that . In this paper we prove that a linear isometry of onto such a subspace of induces a homeomorphism between two certain singular subspaces of the Shilov boundaries of and , sending the Choquet boundary of onto the Choquet boundary of . We also provide an example which shows that the above result is no longer true if we do not assume to be strongly separating. Furthermore we obtain the following multiplicative representation of : for all and all , where is a unimodular scalar-valued continuous function on . These results contain and extend some others by Amir and Arbel, Holszty\'{n}ski, Myers and Novinger. Some applications to isometries involving commutative Banach algebras without unit are announced.

     

Automorphism Groups and Invariant Subspace Lattices

Let be a - dynamical system and let be the analytic subalgebra of . We extend the work of Loebl and the first author that relates the invariant subspace structure of for a -representation on a Hilbert space , to the possibility of implementing on We show that if is irreducible and if lat is trivial, then is ultraweakly dense in We show, too, that if satisfies what we call the strong Dirichlet condition, then the ultraweak closure of is a nest algebra for each irreducible representation Our methods give a new proof of a ``density' theorem of Kaftal, Larson, and Weiss and they sharpen earlier results of ours on the representation theory of certain subalgebras of groupoid -algebras.

     

Cohomological construction of quantized universal enveloping algebras

Given an associative algebra and the category of its finite dimensional modules, additional structures on the algebra induce corresponding ones on the category . Thus, the structure of a rigid quasi-tensor (braided monoidal) category on is induced by an algebra homomorphism (comultiplication), coassociative up to conjugation by (associativity constraint) and cocommutative up to conjugation by (commutativity constraint), together with an antiautomorphism (antipode) of satisfying the compatibility conditions. A morphism of quasi-tensor structures is given by an element with suitable induced actions on , and . Drinfeld defined such a structure on for any semisimple Lie algebra with the usual comultiplication and antipode but nontrivial and , and proved that the corresponding quasi-tensor category is isomomorphic to the category of representations of the Drinfeld-Jimbo (DJ) quantum universal enveloping algebra (QUE), .

In the paper we give a direct cohomological construction of the which reduces to the trivial associativity constraint, without any assumption on the prior existence of a strictly coassociative QUE. Thus we get a new approach to the DJ quantization. We prove that can be chosen to satisfy some additional invariance conditions under (anti)automorphisms of , in particular, gives an isomorphism of rigid quasi-tensor categories. Moreover, we prove that for pure imaginary values of the deformation parameter, the elements , and can be chosen to be formal unitary operators on the second and third tensor powers of the regular representation of the Lie group associated to with depending only on even powers of the deformation parameter. In addition, we consider some extra properties of these elements and give their interpretation in terms of additional structures on the relevant categories.