二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸CuPW/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钨酸(TPA)的铜盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了CuPW/TiO2催化剂。使用ICP、XRD、TG-DTA、IR、TPD-MS和微反技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能。实验结果表明杂多钨酸盐与TiO2表面通过O2-桥发生键合作用。在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构。CO2在Lewis酸位Cu(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Cu—O—W的桥氧协同作用下形成卧式吸附态。丙烯以分子吸附态在催化剂上选择吸附。在563 K,1 MPa和空速1 500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为4.3%,产物MAA(甲基丙烯酸)的选择性为96%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CO2和CH3OH直接合成碳酸二甲酯用Cu-Ni/ZrO2-SiO2催化剂

 采用表面反应改性法制备了ZrO2－SiO2（ZrSiO）表面复合物,用等体积浸渍法制备了ZrSiO担载的Cu－Ni双金属催化剂,并用IR,TPD,TPSR和微反技术考察了CO2和CH3OH在催化剂表面上的化学吸附及反应性能．实验结果表明：在Cu－Ni／ZrSiO催化剂上存在着Cu－Ni金属位M,Lewis酸位Zrn＋和Lewis碱位Zr－O－三类活性中心;CO2在金属位和Lewis酸位的协同作用下可形成CO2卧式吸附态,此吸附态在142℃左右可解离成M－CO和Zr－O－;CH3OH在Lewis酸位和Lewis碱位的协同作用下可形成解离吸附态Zr－OCH3和Zr－OH;CO2和CH3OH在Cu－Ni／ZrSiO催化剂表面上的主要反应产物为碳酸二甲酯（选择性在85％以上）,另有少量的CH2O,CO和H2O．     

Cu/V2O5-TiO2的光催化丙烯和二氧化碳合成MAA反应性能

用IR、TPD、UV-Vis和微型光反应器技术研究了CO2和C3H6在Cu／V2O5-TiO2表面上的吸附特性和光催化反应性能．实验结果表明：在Cu／V2O5-TiO2催化剂表面存在金属位Cu、Lewis酸位V^5 和Ti^4 以及Lewis碱位V-O-Ti的桥氧和V=O的端氧三类活性中心；在金属位Cu和Lewis酸位Ti^4 (或V^5 )协同作用下．CO2形成活性较高的卧式吸附态Cu-(CO)-O→Ti^4 (或V^5 )．C3H6的β-H和β-C分别吸附在Lewis碱位V=O与金属位Cu上形成Cu-C(CH2CH3)-H→O=V吸附态；Cu／V2O5-TiO2催化剂的吸光阈值红移和光吸收量的提高均有利于其光催化活性的提高；担载10％V2O5的光催化剂催化活性优于其它含量的催化剂，其光量子效率达到15．1％；C3H6转化率为5．5％，MAA选择性超过95％．根据实验结果．提出了光促表面催化合成反应的机理．     

K2O助剂对合成碳酸二甲酯用Cu/Ni/ZrO2-SiO2催化剂的吸附和催化性能的影响

 用等体积浸渍法制备了ZrO2－SiO2（ZrSiO）表面复合氧化物负载的Cu－Ni催化剂,并用IR,TPR,TPD及微反技术考察了K2O助剂对CO2和CH3OH在Cu－Ni／ZrSiO催化剂表面上的吸附及合成碳酸二甲酯（DMC）反应性能的影响．结果表明：加入K2O助剂使CO2在催化剂表面上的吸附增强,当n（K）／n（Cu＋Ni）＝15％时,CO2在催化剂表面上吸附后生成K2CO3;CH3OH在催化剂表面上的解离吸附态（CH3O－和H＋）的吸附减弱;CO2和CH3OH在Cu－Ni／ZrSiO催化剂表面上反应的主要产物为DMC,H2O,CO和CH2O;随着K2O助剂的加入,反应转化率及DMC选择性提高,副产物（CO和CH2O）的选择性下降．根据实验结果,探讨了K2O对催化剂表面活性中心电荷分布的影响．     

KF在CO2和CH3OH直接合成DMC负载型金属催化剂中作用的研究

用表面改性和离子交换法制备了MgSiO载体，在其中加入KF助剂制备了MgSiO-KF载体，用等体积浸渍法制备了负载型金属铜催化剂。利用IR、化学分析技术，对载体和负载型金属催化剂进行了表征；采用微反技术，考察了催化剂催化CO2与CH3OH反应的性能，并着重研究了KF助剂对催化性能的影响。结果表明，MgSiO中Mg与Si之间形成双齿型配位结构，KF中的F可以取代Mg-Si-O中的桥O形成－Mg-F和K－O－Si结构。CO2在Cu位上形成线式和剪式吸附态，在金属位与Lewis酸活性位Mg^2 的协同作用下形成卧式吸附态；CH3OH在催化剂上形成分子吸附态和解离吸附态。在催化剂中引入适量助剂KF，可明显提高催化活性。     

负载型Sn2(OMe)4/SiO2催化剂的制备及其催化CO2和CH3OH直接合成碳酸二甲酯的性能

 采用表面改性法制备了负载型Sn2（OMe）4／SiO2双核桥联配合物催化剂，用IR，TPD和微反技术对催化剂的表面结构、化学吸附性质和催化活性进行了研究．结果表明，双核桥联Sn2（OMe）4／SiO2配合物中存在Sn－O－Si双齿配位形式，甲氧基以桥基形式联结两个Sn4＋离子；CO2在催化剂表面以桥式吸附态和甲氧碳酸酯基吸附态存在，而CH3OH只以分子吸附态存在．在反应温度413K，压力0．5MPa，反应空速1500h－1以及CH3OH与CO2的摩尔比为2～2．5的反应条件下，CO2和CH3OH在Sn2（OMe）4／SiO2催化剂上生成碳酸二甲酯的选择性达到近100％．根据实验结果，提出了CO2与CH3OH在Sn2（OMe）4／SiO2催化剂表面上的反应机理，反应物分子共吸附于催化剂表面同一活性位上及CO2的甲氧碳酸酯基吸附态的形成是反应顺利进行的关键因素．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸NiPW12O40催化剂的研究

用硝酸镍对磷钨酸(TPA)进行改性制得NiPW12O40催化剂．采用ICP、XRD、TG—DTA、IR、TPD-MS和微反技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、分子结构、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能．在350℃下，NiPW12O40催化剂仍保持原有的Keggin结构，其表面存在两种活性基元．CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni—O—W的桥氧协同作用下可生成CO2桥式吸附态Ni(I)←O-(CO)-(O—Ni)．丙烯以中间碳上的氢和甲基上的氢分别在两种活性基元吸附．在氢转移和碳插入作用下得到了相应的反应产物即甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和3-丁烯酸(β-butenic acid)．在290℃，1MPa的反应条件下，丙烯的摩尔转化率2．7％，MAA选择性96％。     

CO2和CH3OH直接合成碳酸二甲酯Cu-Ni/V2O5-SiO2催化剂

采用表面反应改性法制备了V2O5 SiO2(VSiO)表面复合物 ,用等体积浸渍法制备了VSiO担载的Cu Ni双金属催化剂 ,用IR、TPD、TPSR和微反技术研究了CO2 和CH3OH在催化剂表面上的化学吸附与反应性能.结果表明,在Cu Ni/VSiO催化剂上存在着金属位Cu Ni合金、Lewis酸位Vn 和Lewis碱位V=O三类活性中心 ;CO2 在金属位和Lewis酸位协同作用下可生成CO2卧式吸附态M -(CO) -O→Vn ,此吸附态在138℃左右可解离成M -CO和V=O ;CH3OH在Lewis酸位和Lewis碱位协同作用下可形成解离吸附态V -OCH3和V -OH ;CO2 和CH3OH在Cu Ni/VSiO催化剂表面上的反应产物主要为碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、CH2O、CO和H2O ,其生成DMC的选择性在85%以上.     

CH4部分氧化制氢Ni-Cu/ZrSiO催化剂的研究

采用表面反应改性法制备了ZrO2-SiO2(ZrSiO)表面复合物，用等体积浸渍法制备了ZrSiO负载的Ni-Cu双金属催化剂，并用IR、TPD、TPSR和微反技术考察了CH4、H2O和O2在催化剂表面上的化学吸附及反应性能。结果表明，在Ni-Cu /ZrSiO催化剂上存在着Ni-Cu金属位，Lewis酸位Znn+和碱位Zr-O－三类活性中心；CH4和H2O在金属位和Lewis酸位Znn+和碱位Zr-O－的协同作用下可形成解离吸附态； CH4、H2O和O2在Ni-Cu /ZrSiO催化剂表面上的主要反应产物为H2和CO2，选择性均在95％以上。     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.