基于贝叶斯ARFIMA-WRV模型高频数据长记忆性研究

考虑到高频时间序列波动率的长记忆性问题,构建了赋权已实现波动分数整合自回归移动平均(ARFIMA-WRV)模型对其进行了研究.利用贝叶斯统计方法对模型做了相应的贝叶斯分析,并对我国中小板股市收益波动率的长记忆性特征进行了实证分析.实证结果表明我国中小板股市收益波动率存在长记忆性特征;采用消除日历效应影响的赋权已实现波动作为波动度量和贝叶斯参数估计方法,很大程度上提高了模型的参数精度.     

基于非对称双成份CARR模型的波动率预测

研究表明,基于日内(高低价)数据构建的价格极差测度相比日度收益率包含更多关于真实波动率的信息,同时,波动率具有聚集性、非对称性和长记忆性等丰富、复杂的典型特征,综合考虑这些特征对波动率进行建模与预测非常重要。本文在对价格极差建模的CARR模型的基础上,对其进行扩展,构建了双成份CARR (CCARR)模型来对波动率进行预测。该模型假设价格极差的条件均值由两个成份组成,即长期成份与短期成份.该模型能够捕获波动率长记忆性,且容易进一步扩展为非对称CCARR (ACCARR)模型来捕获杠杆效应(波动率非对称性)。(A)CCARR模型具有较高的建模灵活性,且易于实现。采用上证综合指数、香港恒生指数、日本Nikkei225指数、法国CAC40指数和德国DAX指数数据进行实证分析,以价格极差与已实现波动率(RV)作为比较基准,四种预测评价指标及Mincer-Zarnowitz检验结果表明:杠杆效应与双成份极差(波动率)都对样本外波动率预测具有重要影响,且杠杆效应相比双成份极差对于样本外波动率预测的影响更大;考虑了杠杆效应的双成份ACCARR模型具有最好的样本外波动率预测效果,其次是ACARR模型,CARR模型表现最差。     

基于双因子已实现GARCH模型的波动率预测研究

准确地预测金融市场的波动率对市场管理者和参与者而言都是至关重要的。本文在标准已实现GARCH模型基础上,将条件方差乘性分解为长期方差和短期方差两部分,分别构造包含杠杆函数的长期方差方程和短期方差方程,用以捕捉波动率的长记忆性和短期微观波动。运用上证综指和日经指数的日收盘价、已实现方差和已实现核波动此类高频数据进行实证分析,结果表明:与标准已实现GARCH模型相比,两指数的双因子已实现GARCH模型在样本内表现出更大的似然估计值;通过样本外误差函数分析和DM检验,双因子已实现GARCH模型也取得更好表现。     

股指期货市场波动率的预测研究

准确刻画和预测股指期货市场的波动率,有利于实现股指期货的价格发现、套期保值和市场调节等功能.文章首先在已实现极差异质性自回归模型(the Heterogeneous AutoRegressive with Realized Range,HAR-RRV model)的基础上,构建HAR-HLT和LHAR-HLT模型;接着,以中国股市中沪深300股指期货的5分钟高频交易数据为样本,通过运用HARHLT和LHAR-HLT模型分析股指期货市场波动率的特征以及预测股指期货市场未来的波动率.研究发现:在HAR-HLT和LHAR-HLT模型中,高频已实现极差、低频已实现极差和趋势已实现极差都包含较多对未来波动率的预测信息;股指期货市场的波动率存在短期的"动量效应"和中长期的"反转效应",其杠杆效应并不明显;HAR-HLT和LHAR-HLT模型对未来1日、1周和1月波动率样本外预测能力都明显强于目前常用的HAR-RRV类模型.     

基于结构突变的波动率分解模型

在Heston-Nandi模型的基础上提出了一种波动率分解模型,分解模型同时考虑了金融波动的长记忆性和杠杆效应.从资产收益率的无条件方差发生结构突变出发,认为收益率的无条件方差随时间变化,将波动率分解为长期影响和短期冲击两部分,其中长期影响用来刻画波动率的持续性,短期冲击刻画金融波动的短期扰动.上证综指数据实证表明上海证券综合指数收益率序列的波动性同时具有长记忆性和杠杆效应,利用模型能很好的刻画这两种性质.     

中国黄金期货市场波动特征及模型预测研究

选取上海期货交易所黄金期货价格指数日内10分钟高频收益数据,构造了经调整的已实现极差波动率估计序列,利用6类GARCH模型建模分析,描述了黄金期货价格指数的波动特征.运用多种损失函数比较了GARCH类模型样本外波动率预测精度的优劣,并在此基础上,采用一种渐进正态分布检验法评估了GARCH类模型的预测效果.结果显示,黄金期货已实现极差波动率估计序列具有尖峰厚尾、集聚性、持续性等特征.对于黄金期货市场,ACD-GARCH模型具有相对最好的波动率预测能力.     

基于ARMA-GARCH-SN模型的沪深300股指期货日内波动率研究与预测

运用五个交易日的股指期货高频数据(每秒两笔),本文主要研究了沪深300股指期货日内波动率特征并对日内波动率预测。研究发现高频股指期货日内收益率有明显的波动率聚集和条件异方差现象,但无尖峰厚尾现象,收益率序列分布符合有偏正态分布。因此,我们对时间序列建立了最优的ARMA-GARCH-SN模型,并对模型拟合充分性做了验证,拟合结果发现ARMA(1,2)-GARCH(1,1)-SN模型基本能够刻画股指期货高频日内波动特征,条件方差所受的冲击具有很强的持续性、日内波动也具有长记忆性,最后我们还利用自助法对高频股指期货日内波动率两步预测、利用滚动回归预测方法对样本做了样本内预测。预测结果表明,波动率预测结果能够较好地反映股指期货日内波动特征。     

不同矩属性波动模型对中国股市波动率的预测精度分析

金融时间序列的波动性建模经历了从一阶矩到二阶矩直到高阶矩(包含三阶矩和四阶矩)的过程,而对于高阶矩波动模型是否有助于对未来市场的波动率预测这一问题,国内外学术界尚无文献讨论。以上证综指长达7年的每5分钟高频数据样本为例,通过构建具有不同矩属性的波动模型,计算了中国股票市场波动率的预测值,并利用具有bootstrap特性的SPA检验法,实证检验了不同矩属性波动模型的波动率预测精度差异。实证结果显示:就中国股市而言,四阶矩波动模型能够取得比二阶矩波动模型更优的波动率预测精度,而三阶矩波动模型并未表现出比二阶矩波动模型更强的预测能力;在高阶矩波动模型中包含杠杆效应项并不能提高模型的预测精度。最后提出了在金融风险管理、衍生产品定价等领域引入四阶矩波动模型的研究思路。     

考虑方差结构突变的股市收益波动非对称性研究

股市收益波动非对称性的研究对于构建准确的资产价格模型以及市场波动性的预测来说都是至关重要的.但在我国股市收益波动中是否存在内生的结构突变,结构突变是否对股市收益波动的非对称性特征产生影响等问题上却缺乏探讨.利用引入了结构突变的ARCH族模型考察了我国股市收益波动的非对称性.研究结果发现,引入结构突变后的ARCH族模型对股市收益波动的拟合效果更好.在考虑了结构突变后,股市收益波动的持续性降低,非对称性现象虽然存在,但好消息和坏消息对股市收益波动的影响程度却发生了变化.     

基于带隐含波动率的混频条件自回归极差模型的股市波动率预测研究

极值理论表明价格极差是波动率的一个有效的估计量。同时,众多研究表明,基于期权价格的隐含波动率包含了市场前瞻性的信息。本文在经典的基于极差的条件自回归极差(CARR)模型基础上,充分考虑价格极差的长期动态性以及期权隐含波动率包含的信息,构建了带隐含波动率的混频CARR (CARR-MIDAS-IV)模型对极差波动率进行建模和预测。CARR-MIDAS-IV模型通过引入MIDAS结构能够捕获条件极差的长期趋势过程(长期记忆特征)。而且,CARRMIDAS-IV模型同时考虑了极值信息以及隐含波动率包含的关于未来波动率的信息(前瞻信息)对波动率建模和预测。采用恒生指数和标普500指数及其隐含波动率数据进行的实证研究表明,充分考虑条件极差的长记忆性(MIDAS结构)以及隐含波动率包含的信息对于极差波动率建模和预测具有重要作用。总体而言,本文构建的CARR-MIDAS-IV模型相比其他许多竞争模型具有更为优越的数据拟合效果以及波动率预测能力。特别地,CARR-MIDAS-IV模型对于中、高波动期波动率的预测具有较强的稳健性。     

Bayesian modeling and forecasting of Value‐at‐Risk via threshold realized volatility

This study proposes a threshold realized generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH) model that jointly models daily returns and realized volatility, thereby taking into account the bias and asymmetry of realized volatility. We incorporate this threshold realized GARCH model with skew Student‐t innovations as the observation equation, view this model as a sharp transition model, and treat the realized volatility as a proxy for volatility under this nonlinear structure. Through the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method, the model can jointly estimate the parameters in the return equation, the volatility equation, and the measurement equation. As an illustration, we conduct a simulation study and apply the proposed method to the US and Japan stock markets. Based on quantile forecasting and volatility estimation, we find that the threshold heteroskedastic framework with realized volatility successfully models the asymmetric dynamic structure. We also investigate the predictive ability of volatility by comparing the proposed model with the traditional GARCH model as well as some popular asymmetric GARCH and realized GARCH models. This threshold realized GARCH model with skew Student‐t innovations outperforms the competing risk models in out‐of‐sample volatility and Value‐at‐Risk forecasting.     

基于MRS-GARCH模型的中国股市波动率估计与预测

基于误差项服从正态分布、t分布、广义误差分布的GARCH族模型和MRS-GARCH模型对中国股市波动的结构变化特征进行了实证研究。结果表明,中国股市存在显著的高、低波动状态,两种波动状态的ARCH和GARCH项系数存在较大差异;高、低波动状态均具有较长的持续时间,低波动状态的持续时间长于高波动状态的持续时间,且中国股市更易于从高波动状态转向低波动状态;MRS-GARCH模型预测效果总体上优于GARCH族模型,基于正态分布的MRS-GARCH模型短期预测效果较好。     

The three-factor model and artificial neural networks: predicting stock price movement in China

Since the establishment of the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SHSE) in 1990 and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) in 1991, China’s stock markets have expanded rapidly. Although this rapid growth has attracted considerable academic interest, few studies have examined the ability of conventional financial models to predict the share price movements of Chinese stock. This gap in the literature is significant, given the volatility of the Chinese stock markets and the added risk that arises from the Chinese legal and regulatory environment. In this paper we address this research gap by examining the predictive ability of several well-established forecasting models, including dynamic versions of a single-factor CAPM-based model and Fama and French’s three-factor model. In addition, we compare the forecasting ability of each of these models with that of an artificial neural network (ANN) model that contains the same predictor variables but relaxes the assumption of model linearity. Surprisingly, we find no statistical differences in the forecasting accuracy of the CAPM and three-factor model, a result that may reflect the emerging nature of the Chinese stock markets. We also find that each ANN model outperforms the corresponding linear model, indicating that neural networks may be a useful tool for stock price prediction in emerging markets.     

我国股市收益的双长记忆性检验——基于VaR估计的ARFIMA-HYGARcH-skt模型

针对股市收益分布的"尖峰肥尾"特征,引入了偏t分布作为新息分布。基于VaR方法,从风险估计的角度,利用ARFIMA(2,d_1,0)-HYGARCH(1,d_2,1)-skt模型对1996年12月17日至2007年7月5日期间的沪深股市收益进行了实证分析.实证结果显示:沪深股市具有显著的双长记忆特征;上海股市的日收益率和波动率的长记忆性均比深圳股市强;ARFIMA(2,d_1,0)- HYGARCH(1,d_2,1)-skt模型对我国股市收益具有较强的风险估计和预测能力。     

沪深股市回报率、波动率和交易量关系的实证研究

本文首先对回报率与交易量之间的关系进行了研究,发现并不存在非对称的数量关系,但存在双向的葛兰杰因果关系;同时将交易量对波动率的解释能力进行了研究,发现在沪市交易量对波动率具有解释力,而在深市交易量对波动率没有解释力。     

Market calibration under a long memory stochastic volatility model

In this article, we study a long memory stochastic volatility model (LSV), under which stock prices follow a jump-diffusion stochastic process and its stochastic volatility is driven by a continuous-time fractional process that attains a long memory. LSV model should take into account most of the observed market aspects and unlike many other approaches, the volatility clustering phenomenon is captured explicitly by the long memory parameter. Moreover, this property has been reported in realized volatility time-series across different asset classes and time periods. In the first part of the article, we derive an alternative formula for pricing European securities. The formula enables us to effectively price European options and to calibrate the model to a given option market. In the second part of the article, we provide an empirical review of the model calibration. For this purpose, a set of traded FTSE 100 index call options is used and the long memory volatility model is compared to a popular pricing approach – the Heston model. To test stability of calibrated parameters and to verify calibration results from previous data set, we utilize multiple data sets from NYSE option market on Apple Inc. stock.     

The day-of-the-week effects on the volatility: The role of the asymmetry

In this paper, we propose to evaluate whether asymmetry influences the day-of-the-week effects on volatility. We also investigate empirically the impact of the day-of-the-week effect in major international stock markets using GARCH family models from a forecast framework. Indeed the existence of calendar effects might be interesting only if their incorporation in a model results in better volatility forecasts.     

The long memory HEAVY process: modeling and forecasting financial volatility

This paper studies the bivariate HEAVY system of volatility regression equations and its various extensions that are directly applicable to the day-to-day business treasury operations of trading in foreign exchange and commodities, investing in bond and stock markets, hedging out market risk, and capital budgeting. We enrich the HEAVY framework with powers, asymmetries, and long memory that improve its forecasting accuracy significantly. Other findings are as follows. First, hyperbolic memory fits the realized measure better, whereas fractional integration is more suitable for the powered returns. Second, the structural breaks applied to the bivariate system capture the time-varying behavior of the parameters, in particular during and after the global financial crisis of 2007/2008.

     

中国股票市场行业间波动溢出非对称效应研究——基于“好的波动”和“坏的波动”分析

选取上证系列行业指数的五分钟数据, 基于广义预测误差方差分解方法构建了波动溢出指数和波动溢出非对称指数(SAM), 研究了10个行业间波动溢出的时变性和非对称性。结果表明, 股票市场各行业间波动溢出存在显著的非对称性和时变性, 多数时期“坏的波动”下的溢出效应占据主导地位。静态分析显示, 股票市场各行业间具有高的波动溢出效应, 可选消费行业是市场波动的最重要来源;动态分析显示, 原材料、工业、可选消费业是波动溢出的净输出者, 金融地产业是净输入者, 电信业务、公用事业和医药卫生等行业对利空消息的传递更为明显, 可选消费行业对利好消息的传递更为有效。纳入标普500指数前后各行业溢出贡献度的对比表明研究结论具有稳健性。     

Analyzing return asymmetry and quantiles through stochastic volatility models using asymmetric Laplace error via uniform scale mixtures

This paper proposes a new approach to analyze stock return asymmetry and quantiles. We also present a new scale mixture of uniform (SMU) representation for the asymmetric Laplace distribution (ALD). The use of the SMU for a probability distribution is a data augmentation technique that simplifies the Gibbs sampler of the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. We consider a stochastic volatility (SV) model with an ALD error distribution. With the SMU representation, the full conditional distribution for some parameters is shown to have closed form. It is also known that the ALD can be used to obtain the coefficients of quantile regression models. This paper also considers a quantile SV model by fixing the skew parameter of the ALD at specific quantile level. Simulation study shows that the proposed methodology works well in both SV and quantile SV models using Bayesian approach. In the empirical study, we analyze index returns of the stock markets in Australia, Japan, Hong Kong, Thailand, and the UK and study the effect of S&P 500 on these returns. The results show the significant return asymmetry in some markets and the influence by S&P 500 in all markets at all quantile levels. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.