考虑二次梯度项影响的三孔双渗模型渗流特征

传统的试井模型与物质平衡方程都是不一致的.在非线性偏微分方程中,根据弱可压缩液体的假设,忽略二次梯度项,在试井较长时间内将产生误差.由于二次梯度项的存在,描述多孔介质微可压缩液体流动的压力分布的偏微分方程是非线性的.本文对三重介质渗流特征系统,保留了非线性偏微分方程中的所有项,没有忽略二次梯度项,建立了由基岩系统、裂缝系统及溶洞系统组成的考虑井筒储集和表皮效应对压力影响的三孔双渗模型.采用一阶向前差分,二阶中心差分的方法获得了此类三重介质模型的差分方程,用解非线性方程组的Newton迭代法求得了方程组的数值解.分别讨论了三重介质的参数变化时的无因次压力的变化规律,做出了典型无因次压力曲线图.     

各向异性双重介质垂直裂缝井两相流体渗流

建立了各向异性双重介质中垂直裂缝井两相渗流数学模型,用有限差分法求得了其解,进行了算例分析。得到了含水饱和度沿径向、最大及最小渗透率方向的分布和水驱油前缘等饱和度面随时间的变化,分别讨论了各向异性、吸渗作用对这种介质中两相流体渗流的影响。结果表明：渗透率较在的方向,前缘推进速度较快,油井见水较早;吸渗使前缘推进速度减慢,使油井见水晚。注水开发这种油藏时,见水前注入率不能太大以充分发挥吸渗作用,存在最佳注入率。这对于水力压裂垂直裂缝井注水开发碳酸盐岩裂缝性油藏有指导意义。     

考虑二次梯度项及动边界的双重介质低渗透油藏流动分析

在传统试井模型的非线性偏微分方程中根据弱可压缩流体的假设,忽略了二次梯度项,对于低渗透油藏这种方法是有疑问的.低渗透问题一个显著的特点就是流体的流动边界随着时间不断向外扩展.为了更好地研究双重介质低渗透油藏中流体的流动问题,考虑了二次梯度项及活动边界的影响,同时考虑了低渗透油藏的非达西渗流特征,建立了双重介质低渗透油藏流动模型.采用Douglas-Jones预估-校正差分方法获得了无限大地层定产量生产时模型的数值解,分别讨论了不同参数变化时压力的变化规律及活动边界随时间的传播规律,还分析了考虑和忽略二次梯度项影响时模型数值解之间的差异随时间的变化规律,做出了典型压力曲线图版,这些结果可用于实际试井分析.     

变形三重介质低渗透油藏垂直裂缝井的非线性流动分析

不仅考虑低渗透油藏具有启动压力梯度的渗流特征,还考虑应力敏感地层中介质的变形;发展了Cinco-Ley H.提出的有限导流垂直裂缝井双线性流理论,将流体在垂直裂缝与地层中形成的流动划分为两个区域—垂直裂缝中的线性流区域和变形三重介质低渗透油藏中的非线性流区域;由此建立了变形三重介质低渗透油藏有限导流垂直裂缝井的非线性流...     

具有井筒储集的变形介质双渗模型的压力分析

为更好地研究碳酸盐油藏和低渗油的渗流问题,引入渗透率模数,考虑应力敏感地层中介质的变形,介质的双孔隙度、双渗秀率特征,同时考虑井筒储集的影响,建立新的数学模型。渗透率依赖于孔隙压力变化的流动方程是强非线性的,模型采用Douglas-Jones预估-校正法获得了无限大地层及有界封闭地层的数值解,形成了新的理论图版,并利用这些图版对模型中的有关参数进行了敏感性分析。     

考虑裂缝井表皮因子非均匀分布的压力数值试井分析

在对非常规储层的压裂井进行压力试井分析时,裂缝表皮因子通常考虑为单一定值,而由于压裂措施的复杂性,其裂缝周围区域的污染程度并非均匀单一,进而导致地层压力分布规律十分复杂。因此,为了准确地描述裂缝非均匀分布的污染区域,从裂缝表皮因子定义的角度出发,确定了非均匀分布的裂缝表皮因子公式,建立了对应的数值模型进行求解计算,并考虑不同表皮分布规律研究了压力试井曲线及压力场的变化规律。研究结果表明：裂缝表皮因子中心大两边小分布规律下,压力试井曲线过渡段凸起高度更高,线性流段持续时间变短,压降主要集中于裂缝根部位置;裂缝中心小两边大分布规律下,压力试井曲线过渡段凸起高度更低,径向流出现时间早,压降主要集中于裂缝中心位置。通过现场实例对比计算,进一步验证了模型的实用性,可为裂缝井的裂缝污染评价及压力分布评价提供一种新的应用方法,对非常规油气井的产能评价与认识有重要意义。

     

考虑井储和表皮效应的分形介质煤层气压力动态分析

考虑煤层的双重介质特征和介质的分形特征,建立了考虑井筒储存和表皮效应影响的分形介质煤储层非平衡吸附、非稳态条件下的气体流动数学模型,并分别求得了无限大地层条件下中心一口井定产量生产时无因次井底压力的Laplace空间解析解和实空间上的数值解.给出了无因次井底压力及其导数随分形参数、无因次井筒储存系数以及表皮系数等变化的双对数曲线图.     

裂缝角度对含气多孔介质热流耦合特性影响研究

为研究含裂缝多孔介质内部流体的流动和传热特性,通过热-流耦合传热实验测试对5种裂缝倾角(0°,15°,30°,150°,165°)多孔介质进行了研究.结果表明:裂缝角度y=0°的多孔介质达到稳态需要时间最长,约为720min,传热速率最慢,适用于削弱传热应用;裂缝角度旋转方向对多孔介质内高低温流体的混合能力影响较大,裂...     

考虑膨胀力的非饱和介质热-水-应力耦合二维有限元分析

从建立应力平衡方程、水连续性方程、能量守恒方程和弹塑性矩阵入手,使用Galerkin方法,将各控制方程分别在空间域和时间域进行离散,开发出了一个可考虑膨胀力的用于分析非饱和介质中热-水-应力耦合弹塑性问题的二维有限元程序.通过对一个假定的核废料地下处置库的热-水-应力耦合问题的数值计算,比较了无、有膨胀力时的情况,在定性上验证了该程序的正确性.     

Up-Scaling of Double Porosity Fractured Media Using Continuous-Time Random Walks Methods

We present a new application of continuous time random walks (CTRW) methods to model fluid flows in fractured rocks. The proposed method allows large scale equivalent permeability tensors and matrix/fractures exchange function to be computed from high resolution maps of fractured porous media. Knowing these parameters allows us to carry out large scale simulations of flows governed by the dual porosity equations of Warren and Root. A direct connection between the exchange function and the time correlation function of the presence in the fractures of a particle undergoing a suitable Brownian motion over the whole medium is derived. This connection allows us to develop an efficient numerical method to compute the transient exchange term within the complete range of time scales of interest. It also gives an alternative probabilistic interpretation of the Warren and Root model. For the sake of simplicity, in the present paper, the method will only be developed to Cartesian structured grids, although it can be adapted for unstructured grids highly suited to describing complex fracture networks.     

非牛顿流体在渐变管中压力和剪切应力的二次摄动解

本文利用双摄动方法求解缓慢变化管道中Johnson-Segalman(J-S)流体流动的渐近解．将管道的扩张（或收缩）角度和粘弹性参数分别作为双摄动的参数,由流函数和涡量函数的形式,推导出压力和壁面剪切应力的渐近解．在此基础上,分析了管道角度,粘弹性参数和雷诺数等参数对压力以及剪切力影响．主要结论如下：(1) 管道扩张角度增加时,流向同一位置处径向压力以及壁面剪切应力随扩张角度减小;(2) 在同一扩张管道中,径向压力随着流向位移减小,收缩管与之相反;(3) 扩张角度与雷诺数对流场起主导作用,粘弹性系数起次要作用．     

具有井简储集的变形介质双渗模型的压力分析

为更好地研究碳酸盐油藏和低渗油的渗流问题，引入渗透率模数，考虑应力敏感地层中介质的变形，介质的双孔隙度、双渗秀率特征，同时考虑井筒储集的影响，建立新的数学模型。渗透率依赖于孔隙压力变化的流动方程是强非线性的，模型采用Douglas—Jones预估-校正法获得了无限大地层及有界封闭地层的数值解，形成了新的理论图版，并利用这些图版对模型中的有关参数进行了敏感性分析。     

Dual Porosity and Dual Permeability Modeling of Horizontal Well in Naturally Fractured Reservoir

This article is the first investigation on the dual permeability flow issue for horizontal well-production in a naturally fractured dual-porosity reservoir. Based on the inter-porosity flow from matrix system to fracture system and treating the media directly connected with horizontal wellbore as matrix and fracture systems, we established a model of horizontal well-production and then solved the model using some modern mathematical methods, such as Laplace integral transformation, separation of variables, eigenvalue, and eigenfunction. Later in the article, we obtained the standard log–log type curves using numerical simulation and analyzed the transient flow behavior thoroughly, which showed it is dual porosity and dual permeability flow behavior. The numerical simulation results showed that there are obvious differences between dual permeability and single permeability models. The dual permeability flow behavior accelerates energy supplement during production and reduces the classical matrix-fracture (V-shaped) response. We also showed that type curves characteristics are affected by external boundary conditions, the parameter κ, ω _f and λ _mf, etc. The research results show that our model would be a good semi-analytical model supplied to users. Because the single permeability modeling ignores the direct fluid supply from matrix to wellbore, we recommend using the dual permeability modeling to make well testing and rate decline interpretation in real case studies.     

Simulation of Pressure Transient Behavior for Asymmetrically Finite-Conductivity Fractured Wells in Coal Reservoirs

Based on Fick’s law in matrix and Darcy flow in cleats and hydraulic fractures, a new semi-analytical model considering the effects of boundary conditions was presented to investigate pressure transient behavior for asymmetrically fractured wells in coal reservoirs. The new model is more accurate than previous model proposed by Anbarci and Ertekin, SPE annual technical conference and exhibition, New Orleans, 27–30 Sept 1998 because new model is expressed in the form of integral expressions and is validated well through numerical simulation. (1) In this paper, the effects of parameters including fracture conductivity, coal reservoir porosity and permeability, fracture asymmetry factor, sorption time constant, fracture half-length, and coalbed methane (CBM) viscosity on bottomhole pressure behavior were discussed in detail. (2) Type curves were established to analyze both transient pressure behavior and flow characteristics in CBM reservoir. According to the characteristics of dimensionless pseudo pressure derivative curves, the process of the flow for fractured CBM wells was divided into six sub-stages. (3) This paper showed the comparison of transient steady state and pseudo steady state models. (4) The effects of parameters including transfer coefficient, wellbore storage coefficient, storage coefficient of cleat, fracture conductivity, fracture asymmetry factor, and rate coefficient on the shape of type curves were also discussed in detail, indicating that it is necessary to keep a bigger fracture conductivity and fracture symmetry for enhancing well production and reducing pressure depletion during the hydraulic fracturing design.