亥姆霍兹与能量守恒定律

19世纪40年代,在物理学史上,正是能量转化与守恒定律发现的时期。我们知道,迈尔和焦耳各自独立地对能量转化与守恒定律的建立作出了相应的贡献。迈尔堪称能量守恒定律的主要的也是最早的奠基     

一维亥姆霍兹共振腔声子晶体中缺陷模式的实验研究

基于亥姆霍兹共振腔单元设计并制作了一种一维局域共振型声子晶体, 针对结构中存在点缺陷的情况, 进行了实验研究. 实验结果表明, 由于点缺陷的存在, 局域共振型声禁带中出现了缺陷模式, 并且在缺陷单元周围引起了能量的局域现象, 与理论结果符合较好. 缺陷单元从两个不同的方向趋近于完美单元时, 缺陷模式分别按照不同的规律变化, 但是越靠近禁带边缘, 所局域的能量就越多. 另外, 当缺陷单元共振频率小于完美单元共振频率时, 局域能量主要集中在声波导内; 反之, 局域能量则主要集中在共振腔内. 本研究对设计新型低频声滤波装置及高声强集中装置具有一定意义. 关键词： 亥姆霍兹共振腔 声子晶体 缺陷模式 能量局域化     

亥姆霍兹线圈磁场的探究

定量计算了亥姆霍兹线圈空间磁场的分布,并用Mathmatic进行空间模拟,形象地描述了亥姆霍兹线圈的空间磁场分布,同时就其均匀性与三线圈和载荷旋转圆盘的磁场进行了对比讨论.     

用亥姆霍兹定理讨论电位移

从亥姆霍兹定理出发,阐明了电位移与场源之间的内在联系,指出电位移不仅与自由电荷分布有关,而且还与电介质、极化电荷及边界条件有关;着重分析了电位移仅与自由电荷分布有关的条件。     

亥姆霍兹旋转木马演示仪的实验设计

介绍了亥姆霍兹旋转木马在制作过程中的技术路线以及设计技巧.该装置利用亥姆霍兹共鸣器原理,把共鸣球颈口声压巧妙地转化为旋转的动力,可以通过演示旋转快慢来研究共鸣器共振强度与外界声源频率、强度以及自身物理参数的关系,经过演示实验证明教学效果良好.     

亥姆霍兹线圈的均匀磁场区

近年来,在普通物理实验中新开设了“磁场描绘”实验.它以1000赫芝的低频信号作励磁电源,用两个700匝、平均半径为10厘米的圆线圈产生磁场.探测线圈有1100匝、平均半径3.65毫米.实验要求测绘图线圈轴线平面上的磁感应线和亥姆霍兹线圈的均匀磁场区. 从学生的实验报告看,圆线圈轴线平面上磁感应线的描绘基本上是正确的.但亥姆霍兹线圈的均匀磁场区则形状各异,很不一致. 本文试图在简化实验条件的基础上,从理论上计算亥姆霍兹线圈均匀磁场区的范围,作为正确判断实验结果的依据. 一、圆电流轴线平面上任一点 磁感强度的数学表达式 根据毕奥-萨伐…     

亥姆霍兹旋转木马的实验研究

设计了简易的实验装置,对亥姆霍兹旋转木马的声-动能转化现象及其运动过程进行了实验研究和讨论,并简单确定了亥姆霍兹共振器的共振频率.     

亥姆霍兹线圈磁场的均匀性分析

引入磁场均匀度的概念，对亥姆霍兹线圈磁场的均匀性进行了定量分析，并通过计算机模拟，得出了同一精度下，形成亥姆霍兹线圈均匀磁场的最佳条件．     

亥姆霍兹线圈磁场分布及其测量

采用美国PASCO公司生产的＂科学工作室＂物理实验系统重新设计了亥姆雷兹线圈磁场实验,以定量分析的实验形式,弥补了传统方法测量亥姆霍兹线圈磁场的不足,同时也体现了PASCO科学工作室在实验数据采集方面具有传统方法不可比拟的优点。     

Propagation of acoustic waves in a fluid-filled pipe with periodic elastic Helmholtz resonators

Helmholtz resonators are widely used to reduce noise in a fluid-filled pipe system. It is a challenge to obtain lowfrequency and broadband attenuation with a small sized cavity. In this paper, the propagation of acoustic waves in a fluid-filled pipe system with periodic elastic Helmholtz resonators is studied theoretically. The resonance frequency and sound transmission loss of one unit are analyzed to validate the correctness of simplified acoustic impedance. The band structure of infinite periodic cells and sound transmission loss of finite periodic cells are calculated by the transfer matrix method and finite element software. The effects of several parameters on band gap and sound transmission loss are probed.Further, the negative bulk modulus of periodic cells with elastic Helmholtz resonators is analyzed. Numerical results show that the acoustic propagation properties in the periodic pipe, such as low frequency, broadband sound transmission, can be improved.     

Nonlinear standing waves in 2-D acoustic resonators

This paper deals with 2-D simulation of finite-amplitude standing waves behavior in rectangular acoustic resonators. Set of three partial differential equations in third approximation formulated in conservative form is derived from fundamental equations of gas dynamics. These equations form a closed set for two components of acoustic velocity vector and density, the equations account for external driving force, gas dynamic nonlinearities and thermoviscous dissipation. Pressure is obtained from solution of the set by means of an analytical formula. The equations are formulated in the Cartesian coordinate system. The model equations set is solved numerically in time domain using a central semi-discrete difference scheme developed for integration of sets of convection-diffusion equations with two or more spatial coordinates. Numerical results show various patterns of acoustic field in resonators driven using vibrating piston with spatial distribution of velocity. Excitation of lateral shock-wave mode is observed when resonant conditions are fulfilled for longitudinal as well as for transversal direction along the resonator cavity.     

Improving low-frequency sound absorption of micro-perforated panel absorbers by using mechanical impedance plate combined with Helmholtz resonators

The traditional Micro-perforated plate (MPP) is a kind of clean and non-polluting absorption structure in the middle and high frequency and has been widely used in the field of noise control. However, the sound absorption performance is dissatisfied at low frequencies when the air-cavity depth is restricted. In this paper, a mechanical impedance plate (MIP) is introduced into the traditional MPP structure and a Helmholtz resonator is attached to the MIP. Mechanical impedance plate (MIP) provides a good absorption at low frequency by using mechanism of mechanical resonance and the acoustic energy is dissipated in the form of heat with viscoelastic material. Helmholtz resonator can fill in the defect of the poor absorption effect between the Micro-perforated plate (MPP) and the mechanical impedance plate (MIP). The acoustic impedance of the proposed sound absorber is investigated by using acoustic electric analogy method and impedance transfer method. The influence of the tube’s length of Helmholtz resonator and the number of Helmholtz resonator on the sound absorption is studied. The corresponding results are in agreement with the theoretical calculation and prove that the composite structure has the characteristics of improving the low frequency sound absorption property.     

Wave propagation in a duct with a periodic Helmholtz resonators array

Helmholtz resonator is often used to reduce noise in a narrow frequency range. To obtain a broader noise attenuation band, combing several resonators is a possible way. This paper presents a theoretical study of sound propagation in a one-dimensional duct with identical side-branch resonators mounted periodically. The analysis of each resonator was based on a distributed-parameter model that considered multi-dimensional wave propagation in its neck-cavity interface. This model provided a more accurate prediction of the resonant frequency of the resonator than traditional lumped-parameter model. Bloch wave theory and the transfer matrix method were used to investigate wave propagation in these spatially periodic resonators. The results predicted by the theory fit well with the computer simulation using a three-dimensional finite element method and the experimental results. This study indicates that the wave coupling in this periodic system results in the dispersion of the frequency band into the stop and the pass bands. The long-term significance is that periodic resonators may more effectively control noise in ducts by broadening the bandwidth they attenuate and increasing the magnitude of sound attenuation.     

The diffraction of light at ultrasonic waves in acoustic resonators

A theoretical treatment is given of the diffraction of light by hypersonic waves excited in solid prismatic samples. For a fixed frequency, a set of modes exists in such a resonator. The modes differ in the spatial distribution of the field, which corresponds to a set of partial waves propagating over an entire solid angle. The diffraction occurs only at the partial waves which satisfy the Bragg condition and the diffraction pattern has the form of a circle consisting of a large number of points. An expression is found for the angular separation of adjacent points which correspond to different modes. It is shown experimentally that for the scattered light field in the far zone the diffraction patterns are similar to Shaefer-Bergmann patterns. Explanations are given for the shape and fine structure of these patterns. The structure of the diffracted light beams in the near zone is also studied and the frequency intervals between the excitation of the various resonator modes are measured. The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with the theory.     

Reflection of normal acoustic waves in thin plates from a grating with a periodically distributed mechanical load

Reflection of zero-order normal acoustic waves excited in a thin piezoelectric plate from a set of conducting strips of a finite thickness is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The analysis shows that the effects produced by the short-circuiting of the plate surface and by the elastic load on the impedance ratio of adjacent plate segments are in opposition to each other. These effects can be commensurable, and, hence, for each wave type, there is a certain value of the strip thickness at which the reflection coefficient becomes equal to zero. The experimental results obtained for a shear horizontal normal wave (an SH ₀ wave) propagating in a lithium niobate plate are in good agreement with the theory and justify the use of the equivalent-circuit model in analyzing the properties of reflectors of the type under study.     

Direct and inverse scattering of transient acoustic waves by a slab of rigid porous material

This paper provides a temporal model of the direct and inverse scattering problem for the propagation of transient ultrasonic waves in a homogeneous isotropic slab of porous material having a rigid frame. This new time domain model of wave propagation takes into account the viscous and thermal losses of the medium as described by the model of Johnson et al. [D. L. Johnson, J. Koplik, and R. Dashen, J. Fluid. Mech. 176, 379 (1987)] and Allard [J. F. Allard (Chapman and Hall, London, 1993)] modified by a fractional calculus based method applied in the time domain. This paper is devoted to the analytical calculus of acoustic field in a slab of porous material. The main result is the derivation of the expression of the scattering operators (reflection and transmission) which are the responses of the medium to an incident acoustic pulse. In this model the reflection operator is the sum of two contributions: the first interface and the bulk of the medium. Experimental and numerical results are given as a validation of our model.     

Study of the second harmonics in nonlinear scattering of interacting acoustic waves by a rigid cylinder

The field formed by the second harmonics in the case of the nonlinear scattering of interacting plane acoustic waves by a rigid cylinder is considered. The method of successive approximations is used to obtain the solutions to the inhomogeneous wave equation in the first and second approximations. Asymptotic expressions are derived for the components of the total acoustic pressure of the second harmonics, and the scattering diagrams for these components are presented.