基于声全息方法和双目视觉实现运动声源声场可视化

运动声源声场的可视化是一种重要的运动声源定位的技术手段,利用双目视觉测量技术实现运动声源声场空间的自动测量,自动确定运动声源表面的空间位置,针对声源表面,利用传声器阵列,基于声全息方法实现运动声源声场的重建,建立视频图像与声场的空间映射,并建立视频与声场之间的时序,实现实景视频图像与声场重建结果的融合,可以自动生成声源运动过程的视频。基于该方法所开发了一套试验测量系统,对运动声源的测量试验结果表明,该方法可以有效实现运动声源的视频可视化,使人可以直接从视频中看到声源及其变化过程,使声源的定位和识别变得更加简单。     

Image reconstruction of moving acoustic sound sources by temporal reference holography

The feasibility of applying temporal reference holography to detection of moving acoustic radiation sources are examined theoretically and experimentally. Temporal reference holography is proved to be used for the purpose if the width of amplitude spectrum of sound is within a certain range, because the point spread functions of temporal reference hologram coincide with amplitude spectra of sound waves used for recording them.     

运动声源的边界元声全息识别方法研究

提出了一种可实现任意形状的运动结构噪声源识别的声全息方法。通过结合移动框架技术与边界元声全息技术两种算法的特点,提出利用移动框架技术将存在多普勒效应的时域数据转换成边界元声全息所需的双平面全息数据,然后由边界元法声全息公式重构任意结构表面的声学信息,实现运动结构噪声源定位。该方法既具有移动框架技术处理运动问题的快速简便,又具有边界元方法可处理任意形状问题的特点。最后在半消声水池中,对运动速度为9.96 cm/s的带帽圆柱壳体进行了试验验证,结果表明:在低速条件下,该方法能够准确反演得到该结构的表面有功声强以及声压等声场信息,从而实现噪声源定位。由于条件有限,高速验证需进一步验证。     

Reference-less acoustic holography techniques based on sound intensity

This paper describes a detailed implementation and application of the intensity-based holography method called BAHIM, and it investigates its possibilities and its limitations. Although this method is attractive in the sense that it bypasses the reference signal requirement, i.e., one of the main difficulties of the classical near-field acoustic holography, its degree of accuracy does not appear to be adequate. This constraint has consequently led to the development of another method called CIBNAH, based on complex intensity, as an alternative. This novel approach provides additional accuracy in detecting and localizing sources and good compatibility, in form and amplitude, with NAH results.     

基于声强测量的近场声全息及其在水下声源声辐射分析中的应用

基于声强测量的宽带声全息(BAHIM)是一种新的有效的声场重建技术,在获得了测量面(全息面)上两个切向声强分量后,利用BAHIM可以预报声源的辐射场及噪声源定位。本文给出了不同声源和参数下BAHIM数值分析结果,井利用自行研制的双通道自动扫描声强测量系统进行了水下声源近场声辐射的BAHIM实验,结果证实了该方法的有效性,它增强了分析和识别噪声源的能力。     

单层传声器阵列重建相干声场的近场声全息方法研究

针对传声器阵列两侧存在相干声源的非自由声场重建问题,提出基于球面谐波函数扩展近场声全息理论的相干声场重建方法。该方法在已知测量面两侧声源几何位置时,使用单层传声器阵列获取测量面处的声压分布,通过最小二乘法获得与目标声源和干扰噪声源响应对应的最优球波函数扩展项数和最优系数向量,结合测点位置的空间坐标进行声波分解,并分别重建出各声源在测量面上的声压分布。为了验证方法的有效性,分别给出了相干噪声源为球形声源和非球形声源的仿真验证,并在全消声室内对双扬声器产生的相干声场的重建进行了实验验证。结果表明:该方法对球形声源和非球形声源干扰下的声场重建都具有较好的效果,球形声源干扰下的重建精度更高。     

单层传声器阵列重建相干声场的近场声全息方法研究

针对传声器阵列两侧存在相干声源的非自由声场重建问题,提出基于球面谐波函数扩展近场声全息理论的相干声场重建方法。该方法在已知测量面两侧声源几何位置时,使用单层传声器阵列获取测量面处的声压分布,通过最小二乘法获得与目标声源和干扰噪声源响应对应的最优球波函数扩展项数和最优系数向量,结合测点位置的空间坐标进行声波分解,并分别重建出各声源在测量面上的声压分布。为了验证方法的有效性,分别给出了相干噪声源为球形声源和非球形声源的仿真验证,并在全消声室内对双扬声器产生的相干声场的重建进行了实验验证。结果表明:该方法对球形声源和非球形声源干扰下的声场重建都具有较好的效果,球形声源干扰下的重建精度更高。     

适用于循环平稳声场的基于波叠加法的近场声全息技术

在原有的平面循环平稳近场声全息基础上，提出一种基于波叠加法的循环平稳近场声全息技术，可以对具有复杂表面的声源进行全息重建，重建的声源表面声压谱相关密度函数能反映出调制信号的信息.声源表面声压谱相关密度函数全息图形象地反映了调制信号在表面的强弱分布情况，可由此确定调制信号源的产生位置.仿真分析和实验验证表明，基于波叠加法的循环平稳近场声全息技术可以更准确地反映循环平稳声场的调制特性.该方法继承了波叠加法的优点，无需计算边界奇异积分，计算效率高、精度好.     

适用于循环平稳声场的基于波叠加法的近场声全息技术

在原有的平面循环平稳近场声全息基础上,提出一种基于波叠加法的循环平稳近场声全息技术,可以对具有复杂表面的声源进行全息重建,重建的声源表面声压谱相关密度函数能反映出调制信号的信息.声源表面声压谱相关密度函数全息图形象地反映了调制信号在表面的强弱分布情况,可由此确定调制信号源的产生位置.仿真分析和实验验证表明,基于波叠加法的循环平稳近场声全息技术可以更准确地反映循环平稳声场的调制特性.该方法继承了波叠加法的优点,无需计算边界奇异积分,计算效率高、精度好. 关键词： 近场声全息 循环平稳信号 波叠加     

Space-time acoustic holography of moving inhomogeneities

A method for observing weak diffraction responses on the background of a fluctuating signal from a primary cw source is developed and tested. The possibility to visually observe the dynamics of the secondary field caused by the presence of nonstationary perturbations of the water medium is demonstrated.     

Near-field acoustic holography analysis of modulated sound source

When conventional near-field acoustic holography(NAH) technique is applied to sound field induced by modulated signal,the modulating frequency can not be revealed by the reconstructed results.To solve the problem,a NAH analysis methodology for modulated sound source was proposed.Firstly,Hilbert transform was introduced to demodulate the signal,and then modulating component was reconstructed by NAH technique.Both numerical simulation and experiment results demonstrate that accurate reconstruction analysis can be obtained by the proposed method.     

利用声全息方法识别噪声源问题中声源幅值修正的研究

针对利用声全息方法识别噪声源过程中重建声源幅值偏差的问题,分析了偏差产生的原因,井针对点声源的情况提出了一种修正算法。仿真计算和汽车的测量实验证明,采用修正算法后,重建声源幅值的相对大小与实际情况更为接近。     

调制声源的近场声全息分析

为了解决传统近场声全息技术在重建调制声源声场时无法显示出调制成分的问题,先通过Hilbert变换对调制信号的声场进行解调处理,将调制信号和载波信号分离开来,然后再对调制成分进行普通的重建分析,由此提出了基于Hilbert变换的调制声源近场声全息分析方法。文中的数值仿真与试验研究均表明此方法可以有效地完成调制声源的重建分析。     

基于近场声全息的圆柱壳体内部声场重构效果的影响因素

在Neumann边界条件下基于近场声全息原理(NAH)重构了两端封闭的有限长圆柱壳体内部声场,计算出的结果与基于模态叠加法构建的内部声场进行比较,证明了重构方法的正确性,然后分别讨论了激励频率和全息面选择对NAH重构声场精度的影响以及重构面上不同位置的重构效果。     

Patch nearfield acoustic holography in a moving medium

To realize the accurate reconstruction of sound field in a moving medium under the condition of limited holographic aperture, a patch nearfield acoustic holography (NAH) in a moving medium is proposed. The proposed method not only reduces the influence caused by the limited aperture effects through sound field extrapolation, but also perfectly suits for sound field reconstruction in a moving medium by improving the shape of the modified Tikhonov regularization filter and the noise estimation method in accordance with flow effects. In the method, two cases that the flow direction is parallel to and perpendicular to the hologram surface are considered. Especially in the perpendicular case, the expression of the wavenumber component in the z direction is improved to make the proposed method suitable for the moving medium at a high Mach number. Simulations are investigated to examine the performance of the proposed method and show its advantages by comparing with NAH in a moving medium and the conventional patch NAH. It is found that, the proposed method is effective and robust at different flow velocities of the medium and different frequencies of the sound source.     

运动声源识别的动态波叠加方法研究

为更好地识别运动声源并解决声源识别中的虚假声源问题,基于运动声源短时信号的Doppler频移特性, 建立运动声场的短时波叠加关系, 利用波束形成方法对声源点进行预估, 基于预估建立起多运动声源的动态叠加方程, 进一步通过波叠加方程的求解进行声源的计算, 从而创建一种可以用于运动声源识别的动态波叠加方法. 该方法可以有效识别运动声源, 将波叠加方法扩展到了运动声源测量领域, 并在不增加传声器数量以及改变阵列形式的条件下有效抑制运动声源重建中的旁瓣效应, 解决运动声源识别中的虚假声源问题. 仿真及实际运动声源的测量试验结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

Optimisation of ground attenuation for moving sound sources

In an earlier study, Attenborough and Li [Attenborough K, Li, KM. Ground effect for A-weighted noise in the presence of turbulence and refraction. J Acoust Soc Am 102:1997;1013-22] derived a closed form analytical formula to calculate optimum ground parameters for reducing the A-weighted noise due to a stationary point source. This paper extends this earlier study by deriving an expression to calculate the sound field due to a source moving at a constant speed above a ground surface. An A-weighted mean-square sound pressure has been derived that enables one to estimate the sound exposure levels of a moving source. Numerical calculations for a realistic range of speeds show the influence of the source motion on the noise levels. Although the predicted effects on the ground attenuation are moderate, they are significant at a relatively low Mach number. In addition, the sensitivity to the atmospheric turbulence and the geometrical parameters tends to be altered by the source motion. On the other hand, it is demonstrated that the optimum ground parameters are similar for stationary and moving sources.     

A note on moving multipole sources of sound

The object of this note is to draw attention to the need, when speaking of a moving multipole source of sound, to state whether it is based on the wave equation for the velocity potential or the wave equation for the perturbation pressure. The theory of moving multipole sources of sound is firmly established, but, owing to lack of precision, some seemingly contradictory results are to be found in the literature. The reasons for these seemingly contradictory results are examined, and various basic relationships between a moving multipole sound field and its method of generation are established.     

Nearfield acoustic holography in a moving medium based on particle velocity input using nonsingular propagator

Nearfield acoustic holography in a moving medium is a technique which is typically suitable for sound sources identification in a flow.In the process of sound field reconstruction,sound pressure is usually used as the input,but it may contain considerable background noise due to the interactions between microphones and flow moving at a high velocity.To avoid this problem,particle velocity is an alternative input,which can be obtained by using laser Doppler velocimetry in a non-intrusive way.However,there is a singular problem in the conventional propagator relating the particle velocity to the pressure,and it could lead to significant errors or even false results.In view of this,in this paper,nonsingular propagators are deduced to realize accurate reconstruction in both cases that the hologram is parallel to and perpendicular to the flow direction.The advantages of the proposed method are analyzed,and simulations are conducted to verify the validation.The results show that the method can overcome the singular problem effectively,and the reconstruction errors are at a low level for different flow velocities,frequencies,and signal-to-noise ratios.     

基于最差性能优化的运动声源稳健聚焦定位识别方法研究

基于被动合成孔径原理,提出了一种具有高稳健性的运动声源高分辨聚焦定位识别方法.该方法采用综合优化手段,通过矢量最大似然聚焦定位算法生成虚拟阵列坐标及数据矩阵,进而利用基于最差性能优化的稀疏虚拟阵列聚焦算法,获取稳健的高分辨定位识别效果.理论及仿真研究表明,该方法对于非匀速运动以及与基阵存在运动倾角的复杂情况具有较强的适用性,聚焦空间谱表现出更大的动态范围、更为尖锐的聚焦峰尺度以及更强的背景噪声起伏压制能力.湖上试验进一步验证,在高分辨最小方差信号无畸变响应法(MVDR)聚焦算法动态范围仅为3.5 dB的相 关键词： 稳健性 运动噪声源定位识别 矢量阵 最差性能优化