化工类全日制专业学位研究生培养的思考与实践

全日制专业学位研究生培养过程中存在专业学位导师队伍的缺失,课程设置的不合理,专业实践环节的缺乏,毕业考核方式的单一性等问题,针对这些问题,提出了建立合理师资结构为核心,夯实研究生培养基地的建设,完善培养方案,夯实工程技术实践课程体系建设,夯实学科公共实验平台建设等措施,为全日制专业学位研究生培养提供思路。     

高等农业院校应用化学专业研究生创新能力培养初探——以东北农业大学为例

通过强化导师队伍建设、重构课程体系、改革教学方式、构建创新平台,培养研究生的学术能力。     

农林院校化学工程与技术学科研究生创新能力培养的探讨

针对当前农林院校化学工程与技术学科研究生在创新方面存在的问题,根据学科特点,以提高研究生的创新能力为目标,提出:要探索化学工程与技术学科新型研究生招生模式;完善研究生创新课程体系,建立新型培养模式;更新教师的教育观念,创造适宜的教学环境;建立严格健全的考核和评价制度;加强导师队伍建设;建立多方位、多层面的研究生奖助体系;加强国际合作与交流,从而创建化学工程与技术学科研究生创新能力培养的新体系。     

研究生电化学课程改革助力新时代创新人才培养

北京师范大学电化学课程教学团队主动对标新时代创新人才的培养要求,深入分析原有课程体系和教学方式的局限,开展了涉及课程内容、教学模式、考核方式、课程思政等多方面的综合教学改革,实现了课程内涵式发展,取得了积极的教学成效,推动了本校电化学方向创新人才的培养。期望通过总结研究生课程改革经验,找出共性问题及教学发展规律,为提升硕士研究生专业课程质量和助力创新人才的培养提供有益参考。     

学科深度交叉促进分析化学高层次人才培养研究与实践

为了适应高等教育改革和创新型人才培养的新要求,改变人才培养模式尤为重要。以培养创新型人才为目标,学科交叉为驱动,多院系合作为支撑,从课程体系设置、培养目标等方面入手,探索了学科交叉在分析化学研究生培养中的作用,并通过联合培养制度、学科交叉论坛等方式进行了实践。     

以研究生为主体力量构建化学科普平台的探索与实践

有效利用高校的科研和人才资源优势，依托陕西省"工科化学"实践教学示范中心，创建主要面向中小学生的化学科普平台。通过在科研团队基础上建设以研究生为主体、教师为指导的科普团队，并打造集知识学习、实践探索及兵器特色于一体的"ABC"科普课程体系，开设各类趣味化学及相关学科的实践项目，促进公众正确理解和认识化学，培养他们的科学精神进而提高科学素养。同时，参与科普工作也有效提升了研究生的实践能力，激发了他们从事科研的兴趣，也为研究生的培养开拓了一条新途径。     

中学化学卓越教师培养初探

为培养师德高尚、专业基础扎实、教学能力和自我发展突出的卓越化学教师,探索了本科和教育硕士研究生阶段的整体设计、分段考核、连续培养的一体化模式,建立了与地方政府、中学"三位一体"协同培养新机制。通过师德教育的实践体系、学科专业课程体系、教育教学能力培养体系和教学实践能力培养体系的完善与优化,并整合优化教师教育师资队伍、强化招收就业环节等措施,推动教育教学改革创新,培养能够适应和引领中学教育教学改革的卓越中学化学教师。     

优化全日制化学教育硕士培养模式的探讨

全日制教育硕士（学科教学·化学）研究生培养是一个具有挑战性的、全新的研究课题。从"目标定位""课程优化"和"实践提升"3个方面对化学教育硕士培养进行探讨。在"目标定位"上应培养化学教育硕士具有较强的化学课堂教学能力和教研能力，在"课程优化"上，应优化更具功能化和结构化的课程体系，在"实践提升"上应搭建基于科学态磨课的全类型、全环节的实践平台。     

提高化学类研究生创新活力之方法初探

培养研究生创新能力是研究生教育的核心,是当前高等学校共同面临的重要任务之一。针对提高化学类研究生创新活力采取了一系列措施,主要从研究生培养方式、考核机制、创新实践活动和导师队伍等方面进行改革,并获得了预期效果。     

关于化学专业研究生实验能力培养的思考

化学学科是实验性学科,实验能力的培养是化学专业研究生教育的重要内容。多数研究生教育单位对于研究生实验能力的培养重视不够,存在着不少问题。本文分析了研究生实验能力培养中存在的问题及原因,并对提高实验能力的途径进行了探讨。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.