Sneutrinos from Cygnus X-3?

The possibility that the underground muons arriving from Cygnus X-3 are due to a flux of sneutrinos is analyzed. Crude approximations show that the muons can be due to a resonance production of light charged gauginos produced in sneutrino-electron collisions.     

Search for muons from the direction of cygnus X-3

Muons and multimuons detected in the Fréjus underground nucleon decay detector between February 1984 and January 1986 have been analyzed. No excess events are observed in the direction of Cygnus X-3, which yields a 90% confidence level upper flux limit of 0.8 × 10⁻¹² cm⁻² s⁻¹, for an average rock overburden of 5000 hg cm⁻² corresponding to energies ⪆ 3 TeV. Using the 4.79 h periodicity of Cygnus X-3, no signal is found in any phase interval.     

On the observations of muons in the direction of Cyg X-3

The binary X-ray source Cyg X-3, a known gamma ray emitter, was recently seen to be emmitting a new type of neutral radiation producing muons detected in deep underground experiments. Here an explanation is offered for the deviation of the observed muon directions from that of Cyg X-3. A new underground experiment is suggested to verify the explanation. The new observations enjoying reduced backgrounds will help establish the phenomenon with enormously improved statistical significance. The nature of the neutral radiation, however, remains obscure.     

TeV activity of Cygnus X-3 high mass binary system

Cygnus X-3 is a high mass X-ray binary and microquasar, with a compact object, which is either a neutron star or may be a black hole, and a companion object, which is a Wolf-Rayet star. The nature of the compact object is still uncertain. Cygnus X-3 galactic binary system has been regularly observed since a 1995 by SHALON Atmospheric Cherenkov telescope with the average gamma-ray flux (6.8 ± 0.7) × 10⁻¹³ cm⁻² s⁻¹. The observations of very high-energy gamma-radiation from the sources of this type would be important for understanding the nature of this astrophysical object.     

Radiation from Cygnus X-3 and the related muon puzzle—An explanation

Summary In recent times there have been widespread speculations and claims among the cosmic-ray as well as high-energy physicists about the detection of some ?signatures? for the formation of what one calls the quark-gluon plasma states in the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray collisions involving heavy nuclei. Furthermore, there are reportedly some hints to the detection of such states in laboratory experiments as well. We have collected here what are, in general, believed to be the diagnostics for such quark-gluon plasma states and have also provided alternative explanations for all the relevant observations at laboratory energies and cosmic-ray energies. Thus the obvious conclusion is: the evidences claimed so far are neither unique and decisive nor are very substantial, tenable and conclusive, as one can understand them almost completely from an altogether different theoretical framework.

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Riassunto In tempi recenti vi sono state diffuse ipotesi ed affermazioni tra i fisici che si occupano dei raggi cosmici e dell'alta energia sulla scoperta di alcune ?impronte? per la formazione di quelli che si chiamano stati di plasma tra quark e gluoni in collisioni di raggi cosmici ad energia ultra alta che coinvolgono nuclei pesanti. Inoltre vi sono alcuni indizi a quanto viene riferito per la rivelazioni di questi stati anche negli esperimenti di laboratorio. Qui abbiamo raccolto quella che è in generale ritenuta la diagnostica per questi stati di plasma fra quark e gluoni ed abbiamo inoltre fornito spiegazioni alternative per tutte le osservazioni relative ad energie di laboratorio ed energie di raggi cosmici. Cosí la conclusione ovvia è: le prove non si sono dimostrate né uniche e decisive, né importanti, sostenibili e conclusive, come le si può ritenere quasi completamente da un modello teorico completamente diverso.

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Резюме В последнее время в физике космических лучей и физике высоких энергий интенсивно обсуждается вопрос детектирования некоторых ?сигнатур? для образования так называемых состояний кварк-глюонной плазмы при соударениях космических частиц ультравысоких энергий, включая тяжелые ядра. Более того, были также публикации о предлагаемом детектировании таких состояний в лабораторных экспериментах. В этой работе анализируется диагностика таких состояний кварк-глюонной плазмы, а также предлагаются альтернативные объяснения всех имеющихся наблюдений при лабораторных и космических энергиях. На основе анализа делается очевидный вывод: данные наблюденй пока не являются достаточными, чтобы их можно было бы понять из полностью друтих теоретических подходов.

     

A plausible explanation for muon events due to radiation from Cygnus X-3

The muon events produced at Soudan-I and NUSEX proton decay detectors due to radiation from Cygnus X-3 are given a plausible explanation on the basis ofE ₆ GUT. The possibility of verifying the explanation by using the accelerator experiments is suggested.     

Hard X-ray lags of Cygnus X-1 on short timescales

Calculating the time lags over different timescales using the cross-correlation technique may lead to a biased estimate of small timescales. Given a timescale for lightcurve binning, we propose to subtract the local average instead of the global average during the cross-correlation, in order to filter variations on timescales larger than the bin size. The new method allows us to make an unbiased estimate of the time lags using RXTE/PCA data on timescales as small as ∼5 ms, where the Fourier technique becomes invalid. We calculate the time lag spectra of Cygnus X-1 at different spectral states with the new method, and find that the source appears to have similar X-ray lags on small timescales independent of its spectral states.