光谱法研究pH值对纳米银及其与赖氨酸相互作用的影响

利用化学方法合成纳米银,调节pH值,加入赖氨酸溶液,通过紫外光谱和动态光散射法研究pH对纳米银及纳米银-赖氨酸体系稳定性的影响,利用表面增强拉曼光谱考察赖氨酸与纳米银的相互作用方式。紫外光谱显示纳米银和纳米银-赖氨酸体系在pH值为5~10时,均具有较强的吸收峰;应用动态光散射测定了不同pH的纳米银及其赖氨酸体系的粒径及强度自相关函数,在pH值为5~10时,粒径分布均匀,DLS自相关曲线平滑,说明纳米银和纳米银-赖氨酸体系稳定性良好;SERS研究了pH为4、7、10时,赖氨酸在银粒子表面的吸附作用,体系出现比较明显的赖氨酸特征峰,当pH为4时,为δ(NH3+)的1444cm~(-1)谱峰和δ(COO-)的1576cm~(-1),此时赖氨酸通过氨根和羧酸根共同与银纳米粒子发生相互作用,当pH为10时,NH_3~+发生去质子化,此时赖氨酸只出现COO-的伸缩振动在1576cm~(-1)处,说明此条件下赖氨酸以羧酸根吸附在银粒子表面。     

Dawson结构磷钨钒杂多酸有机铵盐的合成及光谱研究

以偏钒酸铵、磷酸二氢钠和钨酸钠为原料,调节溶液的pH值为4,控制反应时间为10 h,合成了三钒取代的Dawson结构磷钨钒杂多酸,然后以化学反应计量的5倍量加入抗衡离子K+,制备了母体杂多酸盐K9P2W15V3O62·41H2O。在不断的搅拌下,将母体杂多酸盐的酸性溶液缓慢滴加到十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液中,合成了目标化合物磷钨钒杂多酸有机铵盐(C19H42N)6H3[P2W15V3O62]。经元素分析、红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射、差热-热重等手段进行了表征,表明目标化合物仍保持Dawson结构,为未见文献报道的杂多化合物。     

新试剂2,7-双(5-羧基-1,3,4-三氮唑偶氮)-变色酸作为络合滴定铜指示剂的研究

研究了新试剂2,7-双(5-羧基-1,3,4-三氮唑偶氮)-变色酸(简称BCTZACA)作为络合滴定铜的指示剂的分析性能。在pH4.5-6.0范围内,加入8滴BCTZACA指示剂,用EDTA标准溶液进行络合滴定,终点由蓝色变为橙黄色,变色敏锐,准确度高,用于试剂样品和合金中铜的测定,结果与标准值相符,RSD(n=6)为0.11%-0.45%。     

磷酸钇共沉淀分离富集原子吸收光谱测定氯化镍和硫酸锰中的痕量铅和铁

研究了采用磷酸钇(YPO4)作为共沉淀载体选择性分离富集NiCl2,MnSO4溶液中的痕量Pb2 和Fe3 ,并用火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)测定的方法.共沉淀受pH,YCl3和H3PO4溶液用量的影响.结果显示,在溶液pH 3.0～4.0时,YPO4能够定量共沉淀氯化Ni中的Pb和Fe以及硫酸Mn中的Pb.对于20mL溶液,Pb和Fe的检出限分别为1.63×10-2 mg·L-1和4.58×10-2mg·L-1.在NiCl2溶液中,Pb和Fe的标准加人回收率分别为100.91%和99.73%;在MnSO4溶液中,Pb和Fe的标准加入回收率分别为99.45%和98.98%.实验基本消除了基体干扰,取得了较满意的结果.     

LaVO4:Dy3+纳米棒的溶剂热合成及其光学性能

以氧化镧、氧化镝、偏钒酸铵和硝酸等为原料,采用乙醇-水混合溶剂热法并通过调节体系pH成功合成了LaVO4∶Dy3+纳米棒,运用X射线衍射、透射电镜、红外光谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和荧光光谱等对样品进行了表征。结果表明,pH从2升到4,样品由单斜晶系转化为四方锆石型结构,并且随着pH的增大,晶体的晶粒尺寸变小,样品由不规则颗粒逐步向一维棒状样品转变,其能带隙从3.68(pH 2)减小到3.43eV(pH 10)。荧光结果表明,相比不规则形貌纳米颗粒,LaVO4∶Dy3+纳米棒的最大激发峰发生一定程度的红移,具有最强的黄光发射(4F9/2—6 H13/2)和蓝光发射(4F9/2—6 H15/2),而且其黄蓝光强度比值(Y/B)达到最大值(1.039)。     

1,3-交替香豆素-硫杂杯[4]荧光探针对Fe~(3+)和牛血红蛋白的光谱识别

以1,3-交替二乙酯硫杂杯[4]芳烃和7-羟基香豆素为原料,分步取代杯芳烃下沿,合成得到1,3-交替香豆素-硫杂杯[4]芳烃荧光探针1。在DMSO/H2O(φ,3/7,pH 7)溶液中,探针1发射的强荧光被Fe3+选择性猝灭;Fe3+使探针1的紫外吸收显著增强。相同条件下其他常见金属离子的加入对探针1的荧光及吸收光谱无影响,探针在水溶液介质中仅对Fe3+高选择性识别,荧光和吸收光谱法的检测限均达10-8 mol·L-1。光谱滴定、等温滴定量热及质谱法均测出探针1与Fe3+形成1∶1配合物,作用常数达105 L·mol-1。从摩尔结合自由能和结合熵分别表明配合作用为自发过程。同时,在DMSO/H2O(φ,1/9,Tris-HCl,pH7,0.1mol·L-1 NaCl)介质中,探针1能选择性猝灭识别牛血红蛋白(BHb),线性范围在0.2~3.0μg·mL-1,检测限达0.12μg·mL-1。为一种选择性识别Fe3+和BHb的杯芳烃荧光探针。     

硫酸铵存在下碘化物-4-氨基安替吡啉-丙醇体系萃取分离镉1

研究了在硫酸铵存在下,碘化物-4-氨基安替吡啉体系萃取镉的行为以及丙醇水溶液的分相条件。实验表明,丙醇作为萃取溶剂能萃取中性离子缔合物。调节溶液pH=2.0—3.0,该体系能使Cd2 从常见过渡元素Fe~(2 )、Co~(2 )、Mn~(2 )、Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )的混合液中分离出来。     

硫酸铵存在下的丙醇-水体系萃取分离镉

研究加入表面活性剂乙基紫(EV)后,在丙醇-水双水相体系中影响Cd2 分离的酸度、无机盐、卤离子种类等条件.试验表明:(NH4)2SO4存在下,无表面活性剂EV,Cd2 的萃取率只有68%,而同样条件下,加入mg级表面活性剂EV后,Cd2 与EV、I-形成三元缔合物,被均相萃取、异相分离,缔合物进入丙醇相,Cd2 被完全萃取分离.在pH=1.0时试验了Cd2 加入量为50μg/10mL和100μg/10mL时与Fe3 、Co2 、Ni2 、Zn2 、Mn2 、Zn2 、Cr2 的二元或多元离子混合液的分离试验,分离完全.     

新试剂2-(4-安替比林偶氮)-5-二乙氨基苯胺 与钯显色反应的研究及应用

在pH=5.0 HAc-NaAc缓冲介质中，吐温-80存在下，2-(4-安替比林偶氮)-5-二乙氨基苯胺(ADEA)与钯生成2∶1红色络合物，λ     

不同凝结核对霾滴的散射特性影响分析

为分析不同凝结核对霾滴散射特性的影响,讨论了NH4NO3、(NH4)2SO4、NaCl、Na2SO4四种可溶性盐核霾滴的吸湿增长及吸湿导致的复折射率变化对霾滴散射特性的影响,针对泥土型与非泥土型两类不可溶性凝结核霾滴,采用Aden-Kerker理论分析了凝结水参数β与散射效率因子、0°处散射相函数的关系。结果表明,可溶性盐核霾滴散射相函数随湿度变化显著;霾滴散射效率因子随湿度增加先增后减,对于核质量为10-13 g的霾滴,当湿度小于96%时,按散射能力强弱排序为NaCl、NH4NO3、(NH4)2SO4与Na2SO4霾滴,当湿度大于96%时,散射能力强弱排序为Na2SO4、(NH4)2SO4、NH4NO3、NaCl霾滴;对于2μm的不可溶性核霾滴,当β<0.5时,不同凝结核霾滴的射效率因子均随β增大而递增;但随着β增大,散射效率因子变化规律出现较大差异;双折射特性物质对e光和o光的散射特性存在一定差异,但在β整个变化区间内其变化趋势是一致的。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.