三结太阳电池在非均匀光照下光斑强度和覆盖比率的优化研究

高倍聚光光伏组件通常采用光电转化效率较高的三结太阳电池.由于聚光器件的非理想性,电池承受的光照分布通常是高度非均匀的,在光伏组件中可通过适当增大光斑与电池面积的比率来降低光照非均匀性对电池电学性能的影响.通过对某一特定三结电池进行电路网络建模计算,分析光斑的强度分布和照射面积对电池的影响,并对比了四种设计方案(均匀光照、非均匀光照、电池效率最大、组件效率最大)下的光斑强度、光斑大小、电池效率以及电池温度分布.对比分析结果表明,组件达到效率最大时的电池效率并不是电池在标准测试条件下的最大效率,而使电池工作在效率最大值的设计方案中组件效率最低.组件效率最大方案中使用的聚光器透镜面积较小,因此该方案将导致组件成本增大.电池效率最大方案中使用的聚光器透镜面积较大并且电池温度最低,故该方案组件成本较低且可靠性较高.这表明在实际组件设计中应充分考虑对发电量的实际需求,选择合适的几何聚光倍数和光斑覆盖电池的比率.     

基于物联网的小区智能照明管理系统设计与实现

针对国内中小型LED照明企业的艰难处境和政府倡导低碳,绿色环保照明政策现状,提出了一种基于电力载波通信技术的小区智能照明管理系统的设计方案。采用微控制器、PLC芯片和传感器构建智能控制终端,实现对单灯电能、光强度等数据采集。集中器集成GPRS通信模块负责与远程控制中心建立连接,控制终端与集中器通过电力线相连,实现PC端和移动端对LED照明设备的多平台控制。重点阐述了智能控制终端的软硬件设计、系统的自定义通信协议和远程控制方法。系统实测结果表明,该系统数据传输可靠、响应时间短、成本低,易于进行远程管理和控制。     

基于棱镜二次聚光的高倍聚光模组聚光特性与三结电池光谱响应匹配与优化

目前Ⅲ-Ⅴ多结高倍聚光(HCPV)太阳电池实验室效率记录已高达46%,而相对应的模组效率与之相差仍较大,其中由于模组中聚光非理想性引起的损失就高达20%.本文通过建立光学模型和非均匀光照的三维电池电路网络模型,以Ⅲ-Ⅴ族三结电池为例,研究了菲涅耳透镜一次聚光、棱镜二次聚光的HCPV模组的聚光特性和光电特性.结果发现.由于光线非平行入射和-菲涅耳透镜的色散现象,使得沿光轴方向短、中、长波段聚光发散及聚光不均匀,从而造成了三结电池的上、中、下各子电池光谱响应失配损失,模组光电转换性能下降;进一步,通过采用棱镜二次聚光,能较好地改善聚光和温度均匀性;通过对光轴方向上短、中、长波段的聚光特性与三结电池光谱响应匹配优化,使得模组输出功率提高10%以上.模拟结果己得到实验验证.     

LED显示屏高光效高画面填充比光学设计与研究

针对传统LED显示屏光能利用率和图像画面填充比低的缺点,基于非成像光学理论,提出了一种提高光能利用率和画面填充比的全彩LED显示模块结构系统和设计方法。利用复合抛物面集光器CPC对LED管芯发出光线的发散角进行变换压缩,从而避免了外表面全反射损耗,大幅度提高了系统的光能利用率。利用积分方腔匀光原理和散射元件对光能的二次分配,提高了显示屏的画面填充比、单位像素均匀度及基色复用面积。作为实例,根据上述方法设计了一个P10 mm全彩LED显示模块,利用光学设计软件LIGHTTOOLS对该显示模块系统进行了仿真建模和光线追迹,并对设计结果进行了分析。结果表明,系统光能利用率大于70%,画面填充比接近100%,单位像素区域内均匀度好于85%。显示模块具有能量利用率高、高画面填充比、显示效果均匀柔和、易于生产和装调的优点。     

复合抛物面聚光器作为可见光通信光学天线的设计研究与性能分析

针对室内可见光通信的特点, 选择复合抛物面聚光器作为可见光通信系统光学天线, 介绍了复合抛物面聚光器的几何结构和光学特性, 利用光学仿真软件 TracePro对复合抛物面聚光器进行了设计、建模与仿真. 通过对不同光源条件下复合抛物面聚光器聚光特性的仿真发现: 在光源为朗伯辐射模型时复合抛物面聚光器的聚光性能更好, 且视场角越小增益越高; 但接收端与光源的相对位置对小视场复合抛物面聚光器的实际增益有明显影响, 在仿真条件下, 视场角为10°的复合抛物面聚光器实际增益为22.88, 比理论值降低了31%. 在此基础上, 在一个5 m×5 m×3 m的房间中对采用复合抛物面聚光器为光学天线的室内可见光通信系统进行了建模, 分别得到了直射链路和非直射链路下房间内各个位置的光功率分布. 仿真结果表明, 采用一个视场角为60°的复合抛物面聚光器为光学天线, 两种链路下平均接收功率分别提高了4.29 dBm和4.77 dBm, 非直射链路比直射链路的平均接收功率提高了11.2%.     

Parameter optimization of solar modules based on lens concentrators of radiation and cascade photovoltaic converters

Two main issues governing the design of a solar concentrator module with triple-junction nano-heterostructure photovoltaic converters (PVCs) are considered: the effective concentration of radiation using Fresnel lenses and effective heat removal from PVCs. By theoretically and experimentally simulating these processes, the design parameters of module’ s elements are determined. A test batch of full-size modules has been fabricated. Each module consists of a front panel of small-size Fresnel lenses (a total of 144 lenses arranged as a 12 × 12 array) and the corresponding number of multilayer InGaP/GaAs/Ge PVCs. The PVCs are mounted on heat-distributing plates and are also integrated into a panel. The efficiency of the concentrator module with a 0.5 × 0.5-m entrance aperture measured under outdoor conditions is 24.3%, which is more than twice as high as the efficiency of standard (concentrator-free) silicon modules. In smaller test modules, the efficiency corrected for the PVC standard temperature (25° C) reaches 26.5%.     

漫射光宽视场光学天线的设计

利用光线追迹的方法分析了半球光学天线及另外两种截取角小于90°的欠半球和大于90°的超半球光学天线的光学增益和接收视场,提出了选择合适截取角的原则,并确认半球形光学天线是一种很合适的漫射光宽视场光学天线;同时分析了均匀能量环境下半球光学天线圆截面上接收到光功率的分布,并提出了设计半球形光学天线基本参量的原则;用光学理论推导出了采用半球形光学天线时能够到达光敏面的光线所应满足的条件,分析了它对光学滤波设计的意义.     

弱光探测器中复合抛物面聚光镜(CPC)的优化设计

基于非成像光学的原理,设计并研制了一种新的复合抛物面聚光镜(Compound parabolic concentrator,CPC)。提出基于遗传算法的聚光镜优化设计方法,将透过率作为遗传进化的目标函数,通过控制遗传算法的遗传进化方向,对CPC的结构进行优化调整。仿真实验结果表明,优化后的聚光镜入射孔径100mm,聚光比2.5:1,轴向长度84mm。当入射角为30°时,透过率达到75%以上。将此聚光镜应用于弱光探测器中,可以较好地满足器件的需要。     

基于室内可见光通信技术的新型两级光学接收天线设计与分析

针对室内可见光通信系统的应用需求,设计了一种新型两级光学接收天线.根据复合抛物面聚光器光学增益随视场增大而减小的聚光特性,将复合抛物面聚光器截面基准曲线旋转设计得到具有一定旋转角与厚度的透镜壁复合抛物面聚光器.进一步结合透镜壁复合抛物面聚光器和半球透镜的优势设计了一种新型两级光学接收天线,在增益保持的情况下视场角增大了近20~?.在一个5 m×5 m×3 m的空旷房间,通过Trace Pro建立光学天线的分析模型,Matlab软件对室内可见光通信系统进行信道建模.计算结果表明,采用这种新型两级光学接收天线,与直接接收的情况相比,平均接收功率增幅为757.2%,是复合抛物面聚光器的5.62倍;信噪比平均值增幅为28.07%,是复合抛物面聚光器的1.67倍;光学增益为11.49,是复合抛物面聚光器的2.81倍.且光斑半径仅为2.5 mm,较复合抛物面聚光器减小了近37.5%,使得能量集中均匀分布,进一步证实该新型两级光学接收天线适用于室内可见光通信系统.     

Realizable planar gradient-index solar lenses

The design of single element planar hemispherical gradient-index solar lenses that can accommodate the constraints of realistic materials and fabrication techniques are presented, and simulated with an extended and polychromatic solar source for concentrator photovoltaics at flux concentration values exceeding 1000 suns. The planar hemispherical far-field lens is created from a near-field unit magnification spherical gradient-index design, and illustrated with an f/1.40 square solar lens that allows lossless packing within a concentrator module.     

Innovative light-collecting module using prismatic array structures

Presently, energy conservation and carbon dioxide emission reduction have become increasingly important because of global warming. Using solar energy, which is considered as one of the most important renewable energy sources, does not only decrease the consumption of fossil fuels, but also slows down the pace of global warming. For indoor illumination, our team has developed a technique called ＂Natural Light Illumination.＂ Instead of using solar cells, our system directly guides sunlight into the interior of a structure. However, the efficiency of the light-collecting module is still low. To address this problem, we propose a new light- collecting module based on a prism array structure with high efficiency. We use optical sinmlation tools to design and simulate the efficiency of the module, which is found to be 57%. This value is higher than that of the original concentrator （i.e., 11%）.     

像面照度均匀的环带式菲涅尔透镜设计

为了解决太阳光经传统菲涅尔聚光镜聚光后太阳能电池接收面上的光强分布不均匀问题,设计了一种环带式菲涅尔聚光镜。根据菲涅尔环带设计方法,把接收面划分为与之对应的环带,使光线在经过菲涅尔聚光镜的表面环带后进入相应的接受面环带,减少了光能损失并提高了光强分布均匀性。给出了在350 nm ~760 nm波段范围内太阳张角角度为0.54°、口径200 mm、高宽比为0.65、聚光比为400的菲涅尔聚光系统设计实例,通过Tracepro模拟并分析了菲涅尔聚光镜的光学能力。结果表明:在接收面尺寸相同的情况下与参数相同的的传统匀光菲涅尔聚光镜相比,此环带菲涅尔透镜光斑能量分布均匀性达到75%。     

Optical design and optimization of light emitting diode automotive head light with digital micromirror device light emitting diode

This research proposes a new method for light emitting diode automotive headlight design with digital micromirror device (DMD). The optical design is advanced because of the following features. First, this optical design controls the angle of light pattern without light masking so as to achieve much higher light efficiency compared with traditional optical design for headlight systems. Second, in view of the tendency that the advanced light emitting diode automobile headlight is designed to be a low beam light module and a high beam light still needs an auxiliary lighting system, the optical system designed in this research, mainly adopting DMD module as high/low beam light switch, can switch on and off both the high and low beam lights. Because DMDs function of accepting a bidimensional image, high/low beam light patterns can be determined by DMD. Third, a light pattern will be created and compensated simultaneously by DMD, which might replace mechanical adaptive front-lighting system in the future because DMD takes advantage of fast response and simultaneous compensation. Fourth, a design using a multiple reflection curved mirror is employed in this research to adjust light energy distribution; therefore, the articulation of the light pattern can be enhanced. For this method, experimental results of light efficiency are up to 85%, which is superior to current products in the market.     

A compact and high-power silicon-wafer solar strip-cells-array module integrated with an array concentrator

A compact, low-cost and high-output-power silicon-wafer solar strip-cells-array module(SCAM) was experimentally demonstrated. The proposed SCAM consisted mainly of a silicon-wafer strip-cell sparse array and low-concentrationratio array concentrator based on an epoxy resin polymer(ERP) cylindrical plano-convex lens. A polymer replication process based on a polydimethylsiloxane mold was used to fabricate the ERP lens array concentrator. The results show that 46.94% of the silicon-wafer cell was saved in the designed SCAM. Moreover, the output power of the SCAM with a low concentration ratio of 8 suns was improved by 8.6%, compared with a whole piece of a conventional silicon-wafer solar cell with the same area as the module. The proposed method encapsulating solar cells provides a means to reduce the usage of silicon cells in modules as well as improving the output power of modules.     

菲涅尔透镜热变形对CPV聚光系统性能影响的数值研究

由硅胶-玻璃材料组成的SOG(silicone on glass)型菲涅尔透镜在温度变化时会产生热变形,影响CPV(concentrating photovoltaic)聚光系统的性能。为研究透镜热变形对聚光系统光效率的影响,优化设计两类聚光系统,并采用数值计算的方法模拟透镜的热变形,再将热变形导入光学模型中,使用蒙特卡罗方法计算变形前后的聚光效率。结果表明:对于单级聚光系统,采用单色光均匀性优化方法设计的透镜受翘曲变形和齿面自由变形影响较大,光效率在变形前后相差10%左右,改进型补偿色散方法设计的菲涅尔透镜受翘曲变形和齿面自由变形影响较小。另外,双级聚光系统可以有效抵抗热变形的影响。     

Optical efficiency of solar concentrators by a reverse optical path method

A method for the optical characterization of a solar concentrator, based on the reverse illumination by a Lambertian source and measurement of intensity of light projected on a far screen, has been developed. It is shown that the projected light intensity is simply correlated to the angle-resolved efficiency of a concentrator, conventionally obtained by a direct illumination procedure. The method has been applied by simulating simple reflective nonimaging and Fresnel lens concentrators.     

导光板散射网点的布局与出光均匀性的研究

从背光模组的基本结构出发,通过理论分析确定了影响导光板散射网点排布的公式,证明了散射网点的排布规律对背光模组出光均匀度有影响。对一款背光模组商品建立了简化模型,通过光学软件TracePro模拟分析以及实验验证,证明了背光模组商品的出光均匀度还有提升的可能性。在此基础上,又重点分析了散射网点行间距的变化值,散射网点直径和散射网点初始行间距对导光板出光均匀度的影响。经过反复仿真模拟,取得了一组参数值,可以使优化后的导光板出光均匀度比背光模组商品的出光均匀度好。研究的结论可作为导光板散射网点设计的参考,对背光模组的设计具有指导意义。     

Dye-sensitized solar cell module realized photovoltaic and photothermal highly efficient conversion via three-dimensional printing technology

Three-dimensional(3D) printing technology is employed to improve the photovoltaic and photothermal conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell(DSC) module. The 3D-printed concentrator is optically designed and improves the photovoltaic efficiency of the DSC module from 5.48% to 7.03%. Additionally, with the 3D-printed microfluidic device serving as water cooling, the temperature of the DSC can be effectively controlled, which is beneficial for keeping a high photovoltaic conversion efficiency for DSC module. Moreover, the 3D-printed microfluidic device can realize photothermal conversion with an instantaneous photothermal efficiency of 42.1%. The integrated device realizes a total photovoltaic and photothermal conversion efficiency of 49% at the optimal working condition.     

矩形复合抛物面空间双向照明节能多功能反光杯设计

提出了充分利用灯具空间,具有单体双向多功能的光学设计新理念。结合LED与CPC,根据光学扩展量守恒,借助光路可逆原理与边缘光线原理,构造矩形复合抛物面。根据我国最新的《读写作业台灯性能要求》GB/T 9473-2017,以出光口半宽、台灯辐照高度、截短后杯体长度比为3个因素,设计正交实验,确定台灯矩形复合抛物面最适合参数为:出光口半宽50 mm、最大进光半角47.73°、截取杯体长度36 mm。在照明方面,该矩形复合抛物面能够满足关于A、AA级的照度和照度均匀度要求;在弱光聚集方面,其太阳能芯片位置的照度是不经聚光情况的1.25倍;在聚光模式下,太阳能芯片的光伏转化效率是非聚光模式下的1.66倍。这是对当前市面上非聚光模式收集太阳能方式的补充。     

全息光伏打聚光器的设计

本文描述了一种采用全息反射元件的分段谱光伏打聚光器,系统的转换效率可高于26%。分析了聚光器的特性并给出了全息元件的设计参数和制作方法。