飞秒光丝阵列对10 GHz电磁波的吸收特性

为了研究飞秒光丝阵列对10 GHz电磁波的吸收特性,建立了飞秒光丝阵列吸收电磁波的有限元模型,研究了光丝内电子温度、电子数密度、光丝直径和电磁波的极化等参数对吸收系数的影响。研究结果表明：当电磁波偏振方向与光丝轴向垂直时,阵列对电磁波是透明的;增加光丝内电子数密度或提高电子温度,吸收系数先增大后减小;当光丝直径与电磁波趋肤深度相等时,吸收系数达到最大值。对于S极化电磁波,当光丝直径为50 μm时,吸收系数随入射角的增大而变大;当光丝直径为100~200 μm时,在入射角较小时,吸收系数随入射角的增大而变大;在入射角较大时会出现吸收峰值,最高可达0.45,且光丝直径越大,吸收峰值对应的入射角就越小;对于P极化电磁波,吸收系数随入射角增大而降低。     

Optical phase front control in a metallic grating with equally spaced alternately tapered slits

A technique capable of focusing and bending electromagnetic （EM） waves through plasmonic gratings with equally spaced alternately tapered slits has been introduced. Phase resonances are observed in the optical response of transmission gratings, and the EM wave passes through the tuning slits in the form of surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） and obtains the required phase retardation to focus at the focal plane. The bending effect is achieved by constructing an asymmetric phase front which results from the tapered slits and gradient refractive index （GRIN） distribution of the dielectric material. Rigorous electromagnetic analysis by using the two-dimensional （2D） finite difference time domain （FDTD） method is employed to verify our proposed designs. When the EM waves are incident at an angle on the optical axis, the beam splitting effect can also be achieved. These index-modulated slits are demonstrated to have unique advantages in beam manipulation compared with the width-modulated ones. In combination with previous studies, it is expected that our results could lead to the realization of ootimum designs for plasmonic nanolenses.     

Electromagnetic wave absorption properties of Ba(CoTi)xFe12-2xO19@BiFeO3 in hundreds of megahertz band

The high-performance electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption material Ba(CoTi)$_{x}$Fe$_{12-2x}$O$_{19}$@BiFeO$_{3}$ was prepared by solid-state reaction, and its EM wave absorption properties were deeply studied. The results revealed that Ba(CoTi)$_{x}$Fe$_{12-2x}$O$_{19}$@BiFeO$_{3}$ could obtain excellent absorption properties in hundreds of megahertz by adjusting the Co$^{2+}$-Ti$^{4+}$ content. The best comprehensive property was obtained for $x=1.2$, where the optimal reflection loss ($RL$) value reaches $-30.42$ dB at about 600 MHz with thickness of 3.5 mm, and the corresponding effective absorption band covers the frequency range of 437 MHz-1 GHz. Moreover, the EM wave absorption mechanism was studied based on the simulation methods. The simulated results showed that the excellent EM wave absorption properties of Ba(CoTi)$_{x}$Fe$_{12-2x}$O$_{19}$@BiFeO$_{3}$ mainly originated from the internal loss caused by natural resonance, and the interface cancelation further improved the absorption properties and resulted in $RL$ peaks.     

无工质微波推力器推力测量实验

基于经典的电磁学理论, 本文建立了一套新概念空间推进装置-----无工质微波推力器系统, 这套装置可以直接把微波辐射能转换为推力而不需要任何推进介质. 与传统的空间推进装置不同, 该系统可以避免携带庞大的推进剂储箱并消除羽流对航天飞行器的污染. 该系统由集成在一起的圆台微波谐振腔、 微波源和负载组成, 其中微波源产生的微波辐射能被输入到圆台微波谐振腔内并形成纯驻波与电磁压强梯度, 从而沿圆台微波谐振腔轴线方向形成净推力. 本文根据随遇平衡原理, 通过克服推力器本身的自重和刚性阻力, 成功地测量出无工质微波推力器产生的净推力. 结果表明: 基于经典电磁学理论建立的无工质微波推进系统可以产生净推力; 当微波源输出2.45 GHz, 80---2500 W的微波功率时, 推力器产生的推力分布在70---720 mN范围内, 测量总误差小于12%.     

Multiband terahertz metamaterial absorber

This paper reports the design of a multiband metamaterial (MM) absorber in the terahertz region. Theoretical and simulated results show that the absorber has four distinct and strong absorption points at 1.69, 2.76, 3.41 and 5.06 THz, which are consistent with `fingerprints' of some explosive materials. The retrieved material parameters show that the impedance of MM could be tuned to match approximately the impedance of the free space to minimise the reflectance at absorption frequencies and large power loss exists at absorption frequencies. The distribution of the power loss indicates that the absorber is an excellent electromagnetic wave collector: the wave is first trapped and reinforced in certain specific locations and then consumed. This multiband absorber has applications in the detection of explosives and materials characterisation.     

Numerical analysis of the reflection and absorption of electromagnetic wave in nonuniform magnetized plasma slab

In this paper, a model for calculating the reflection and absorption powers of electromagnetic wave (EM wave) in nonuniform magnetized plasma slab is given out based on layer propagation theory. The effects of various plasma parameters and different values of magnetic field intensity on the reflected and absorbed powers are discussed. The results illustrate that the thickness of plasma seldom affects the reflection of radar wave, but it can broaden or reduce the absorption width. Meanwhile, the background magnetic field intensity has an influence upon the results, and it could change the resonance spectrum of magnetized plasma. We also find out that, with appropriate plasma density, collision frequency and magnetic field intensity, more than 90% of radar wave power can be absorbed and the resonant absorption band is about 2 GHz.     

Focusing the electromagnetic wave with a magnetic field

We examine manipulating the electromagnetic (EM) wave with an external static magnetic field (ESMF) taking advantage of the versatility of the magnetic photonic crystal (PC). The effect of a nonuniform ESMF on the permeability of the constituent magnetic material in the PC is demonstrated to create a gradient of the effective optical index in the crystal, leading to the focusing of the EM wave, with a magnetically tunable focal length, focused waist radius, and the intensity at the focus.     

金属平板覆盖负折射率媒质的电磁波反射系数的PLRC-FDTD分析

 推导了负折射率媒质中的FDTD分段线性递归卷积(PLRC)计算式,并将PLRC-FDTD方法用于仿真电磁波与负折射率媒质的相互作用, 计算了金属平板覆盖负折射率媒质层对垂直入射电磁波的反射系数。数值结果表明：负折射率媒质包层可以极大地减少目标的电磁回波能量,碰撞频率越大,振荡频率越小,其吸波性能越好;负折射率媒质碰撞频率、振荡频率及其分布形式是影响反射系数的重要因素。     

金属平板覆盖负折射率媒质的电磁波反射系数的PLRC-FDTD分析

推导了负折射率媒质中的FDTD分段线性递归卷积(PLRC)计算式,并将PLRC-FDTD方法用于仿真电磁波与负折射率媒质的相互作用, 计算了金属平板覆盖负折射率媒质层对垂直入射电磁波的反射系数。数值结果表明：负折射率媒质包层可以极大地减少目标的电磁回波能量,碰撞频率越大,振荡频率越小,其吸波性能越好;负折射率媒质碰撞频率、振荡频率及其分布形式是影响反射系数的重要因素。     

Refraction in media with a negative refractive index

We show that an electromagnetic (EM) wave undergoes negative refraction at the interface between a positive and negative refractive index material, the latter being a properly chosen photonic crystal. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations are used to study the time evolution of an EM wave as it hits the interface. The wave is trapped temporarily at the interface, reorganizes, and, after a long time, the wave front moves eventually in the negative direction. This particular example shows how causality and speed of light are not violated in spite of the negative refraction always present in a negative index material.     

Electromagnetic wormholes and virtual magnetic monopoles from metamaterials

We describe new configurations of electromagnetic (EM) material parameters, the electric permittivity epsilon and magnetic permeability micro, which allow one to construct devices that function as invisible tunnels. These allow EM wave propagation between the regions at the two ends of a tunnel, but the tunnels themselves and the regions they enclose are not detectable to lateral EM observations. Such devices act as wormholes with respect to Maxwell's equations and effectively change the topology of space vis-à-vis EM wave propagation. We suggest several applications, including devices behaving as virtual magnetic monopoles, invisible cables, and scopes for MRI-assisted surgery.     

时间反演脉冲电磁波在双负材料中传播特性研究

利用全时域电磁仿真技术, 对比研究了时间反演脉冲电磁波和脉冲电磁波透过Smith结构双负材料后的时域波形、脉宽压缩以及材料内部空间电场峰值强度分布等时域传播特性. 结果表明：时间反演脉冲电磁波在透过双负材料后, 在初始源激励处表现出良好的时间和空间聚焦特性. 更重要的是, 在双负材料内部, 观测到了电场峰值强度减弱、截面电场峰值强度趋向均衡分布等新型的物理现象. 这些物理现象对发展能够承受大功率新型的双负材料电子器件及其应用系统很有参考研究价值.     

Dynamical merging of Dirac points in the periodically driven Kitaev honeycomb model

We study the effect of a half wave rectified sinusoidal electromagnetic (EM) wave on the Kitaev honeycomb model with an additional magneto-electric coupling term arising due to induced polarization of the bonds. Within the framework of Floquet analysis, we show that merging of a pair of Dirac points in the gapless region of the Kitaev model leading to a semi-Dirac spectrum is indeed possible by externally varying the amplitude and the phase of the EM field.     

Electrodynamics of Balanced Charges

We introduce here a new “neoclassical” electromagnetic (EM) theory in which elementary charges are represented by wave functions and individual EM fields to account for their EM interactions. We call so defined charges balanced or “b-charges”. We construct the EM theory of b-charges (BEM) based on a relativistic field Lagrangian and show that: (i) the elementary EM fields satisfy the Maxwell equations; (ii) the Newton equations with the Lorentz forces hold approximately when b-charges are well separated and move with non-relativistic velocities. When the BEM theory is applied to atomic scales it yields a hydrogen atom model with a frequency spectrum matching the Schrodinger model with desired accuracy. An important feature of the theory is a mechanism of elementary EM energy absorption established for retarded potentials.     

Brightening of an accretion disk due to viscous dissipation of gravitational waves during the coalescence of supermassive black holes

Mergers of supermassive black hole binaries release peak power of up to approximately 10(57) erg s(-1) in gravitational waves (GWs). As the GWs propagate through ambient gas, they induce shear and a small fraction of their power is dissipated through viscosity. The dissipated heat appears as electromagnetic (EM) radiation, providing a prompt EM counterpart to the GW signal. For thin accretion disks, the GW heating rate exceeds the accretion power at distances farther than approximately 10(3) Schwarzschild radii, independently of the accretion rate and viscosity coefficient.     

Effect of the field of a nonlinear electromagnetic wave on the shape of a soliton in a semiconductor superlattice

The effect of the electric component of the field of a high-frequency (HF) nonlinear electromagnetic (EM) wave on the propagation of a solitary EM wave (soliton) in a quantum semiconductor superlattice is studied. It is noted that in the collisionless approximation, the solution of the modified sine-Gordon equation corresponding to the amplification of an EM pulse that, with allowance made for interminiband electron transitions, transforms into a dissipative soliton is possible. The effect of electron collisions with irregularities of the crystal lattice on the soliton dynamics under the action of the field of a HF nonlinear wave is considered. The condition for an increase in the traveling time of the solitary wave is found.     

Silver clusters insert into polymer solar cell for enhancing light absorption

As an employment of surface plasmonic effect, the consequence of insertion of a layer of Ag clusters into polymer solar cell on the enhancement of light absorption and power conversion efficiency is investigated. Optical analysis based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) is performed with experiments to evaluate the effect of the interaction between the Ag clusters and incident light on light absorption in polymer solar cell. Ag clusters modify the light wave vector and the electromagnetic field inside the device is redistributed and enhanced. As a result, polymer solar cells achieve an overall increase in absorption, short-circuit current density, and power conversion efficiency.     

电磁波在等离子体中的非线性吸收衰减

研究平面电磁波在等离子体中的非线性吸收衰减.首先应用电磁波在等离子体中传播的极化理论得到非线性介电函数,进而求出了考虑非线性情况下的波矢.采用垂直入射具有金属衬底的均匀等离子体模型,对不同入射频率的电磁波的衰减以及总出入射功率比进行了数值模拟.与只考虑线性情况的结果作了比较,结果显示非线性项在研究过程中所起的作用是不可忽视的.     

Attenuation properties of EM wave by magnetized nonuniform plasma slab coated on perfect conductor plane

The total amplitude reflection coefficient of EM wave in a nonuniform plasma slab coated on perfect conductor plane is newly derived by using the scattering matrix method (SMM), and the attenuation is calculated. Three types of plasma electron density profile, that is the hyperbolic, sinusoidal, and linear profiles, are used. The external magnetic field and plasma parameters such as the maximum electron density and collision frequencies are discussed to calculate the attenuation of EM wave. The calculation results show that the plasma electron density profile and maximum electron density exert a large effect to the attenuation of EM wave and the attenuation under the uniform external magnetic field is taken place by the electron cyclotron resonance absorption, the up hybrid resonance absorption and geometric resonances absorption.     

Compton散射下的强激光等离子体冲击波对固体的热烧蚀效应

应用多光子非线性Compton散射理论,研究了Compton散射下的强激光等离子体冲击波对固体的热烧蚀效应,给出了冲击波功率密度与靶材熔化温度及沸腾温度与加热时间的表达式,得到了冲击波照射靶材烧蚀孔的最佳实验条件。结果表明：固体的生热率提高,温度分布发生变化,作用点达到熔化和沸腾温度所需时间和功率比无散射时小。当冲击波能量为250J,到靶面的距离为70~80mm时,对靶材烧蚀孔的效果较好。当时间为1.2~3.6ms,到靶面的距离为28~80mm时,烧蚀效果较好;当能量密度为400~2800J•cm-2时,烧蚀深度成较差的线性增加,功率密度与烧蚀斑尺寸近乎成反比。