New design of spectral amplitude coding in OCDMA with zero cross-correlation

A zero cross-correlation (ZCC) code is proposed to reduce the impact of system impairment and multiple access interference (MAI) in spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) system. Bit-error-rate (BER) performance is derived taking into account the effect of some noises. The key to an effective OCDMA system is the choice of efficient address codes with good or almost zero correlation properties for encoding the source. The use of ZCC code can eradicate phase induced intensity noise (PIIN) which will contribute to better BER. Thus, we demonstrate, theoretically, the performance of optical ZCC code. It is shown that optical ZCC code can accommodate more users simultaneously for the typical error rate of optical communication system of 10⁻⁹. The result indicates that the established system not only preserves the capability of suppressing MAI, but also improves bit-error-rate performance as compared to the conventional coders.     

光码分多址系统中光学相关接收机判决阈值的分析

介绍了光码分多址系统中常用地址码（一维扩时码、二维码和三维码）的特点，并对它们各自的互相关均值和方差进行了理论分析。基于非相干光码分多址系统中光学相关接收机的基本原理，结合不同的用户地址码，对系统误码率性能进行了分析，得到了接收机最佳判决阈值与地址码基本特性参数和系统同时用户数间的关系。最后，给出了数值仿真结果。结果表明，对于采用特定地址码的光码分多址系统，只有选择合适的接收机判决阈值，系统的误码率性能才能达到最佳。研究结果对光码分多址系统中接收机判决阈值的选取具有一定的参考作用。     

纠错编码对多速率OCDMA系统性能的改善

将纠错编码(ECC)和素数跳频码技术结合起来,研究了基于纠错编码的多速率OCDMA系统的结构方案,并对未进行纠错编码的多速率OCDMA系统及经过纠错编码的多速率OCDMA系统的误码性能进行了模拟分析和比较。结果表明:如果两系统使用相同码长的光地址码,则经过纠错的编码系统同未经过纠错的编码系统相比,其误码率有了明显的改善;在保持两系统信息传输速率和码片间隔相等的条件下,恰当地选取纠错编码系统的码长,不仅误码性能可得到改善,而且可降低编码器和解码器的制作难度和成本。     

Performance of OCDMA systems with new spectral direct detection (SDD) technique using enhanced double weight (EDW) code

This paper investigates the performance of enhanced double weight (EDW) code for spectral-amplitude-coding OCDMA (SAC-OCDMA) system using a newly proposed spectral direct detection (SDD) technique. EDW is the enhanced version of double weight (DW) code that possesses ideal cross-correlation properties and weight which can be any odd number greater than one. The theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed new spectral direct detection technique improves the performance compared to the conventional complementary subtraction technique.     

A novel construction algorithm of the LDPC code for high-speed long-haul optical transmission systems

According to the transmission characteristics of high-speed long-haul optical transmission system, the main construction method of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code for optical transmission system is presented and a novel construction algorithm of LDPC code is proposed, the theoretical analysis shows that the parity check matrix of the LDPC code constructed by the proposed construction algorithm has no four-girth phenomenon, this is also theoretically proved out. Both the novel LDPC(3969,3720) code with 6.69% redundancy and the novel LDPC(8281,7920) code with 4.56% redundancy for optical transmission systems are constructed by using the presented construction method and proposed construction algorithm. The simulation results show that the net coding gain (NCG) of the two novel LDPC codes at the eighteenth iteration for the BER of 10^?12 are respectively 1.63 dB and 1.49 dB more than that of the RS(255,239) code in ITU-T G.975. Moreover, the decoding of the LDPC code in the hardware can parallel be implemented, so the decoding speed of the two novel LDPC codes are very rapid, the complexities of implementing the two novel LDPC codes, compared with the concatenated codes in ITU-T G.975.1, are relatively lower, furthermore, the hardware overhead and storage space can relatively be saved and the computation complexity can be reduced in implementing the hardware in the future. As a result, the two novel LDPC codes can better be suitable for high-speed long-haul optical transmission systems.     

Performance and comparison of fiber vibration sensing using SAC-OCDMA with direct decoding techniques

Intensity modulated fiber vibrations sensing using Khazani Syed (KS) and Modified Quadratic Congruence Code (MQC) code for quasi distributed vibration measurement have been evaluated. The systems employed Spectral Direct (SD) Decoding for Spectral Amplitude Coding-Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA). SAC-OCDMA is adopted because of its enormous impact in dealing with Multiple Access Interference (MAI). The setup was carried out for three sensor points in three consecutive measurements. The performance of the sensing system with the KS and MQC codes were compared at the same weight and number of code sequence. It was observed that the applied vibration frequencies were obtained at the receivers and the signal employing MQC are received at slightly better power than KS code. However, KS code setup employed less number of components and therefore, reduce the cost and complexity of achieving quasi-distributed vibration sensing.     

A new code construction with zero cross correlation based on BIBD

This paper presents a newly constructed zero cross correlation code (ZCC) which is based on BIBD (balanced incomplete block design) code. The ZCC (C, w) code is a family of binary sequences of length C and constant Hamming-weight w. Such codes find applications in spectral amplitude-coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA). The constructing ZCC codes have a size of C ? N ÿ w + 1, where N is the number of users and C is any prime number. The proposed construction method is not complicated compared to the existing ones.     

Performance evaluation of Fi-Wi network based on SCM–optical code division multiple access architecture

This paper investigates the performance of a spectral amplitude coding (SAC)–OCDMA system design utilizing subcarrier multiplexing techniques for use in the popular fiber-wireless (Fi-Wi) technology. Zero cross correlation code is employed because of its ability to eliminate phase induced intensity noise (PIIN) and the simplicity of using a direct detection technique at the receiving end. The performances are evaluated theoretically to derive the signal-to-noise ratio and results are presented in terms of bit error rates (BER). Results are analyzed to investigate the effect of code weight and variable data rates on the system performance. To validate the results, simulative analysis is also done using Optisys version 6.0. We demonstrated that the ZCC code performed better compared to other code for a BER floor of 10⁻⁹ with larger cardinality of subscribers. Results obviously indicate that system performance can be improved with larger code weight. In addition, the choice of lower bit rate is observed to perform better and more suitable for application in this hybrid Fi-Wi network.     

用遗传算法构造光正交码

提出了一种利用遗传算法构造任意码长、码重、自相关限、互相关限光正交码(GA-OOC)的方法,设计了新的码字矩阵;分析了基于GA-OOC的光CDMA系统的误码率性能。仿真结果表明:该算法具有构造算法简单、易于编程实现的特点;与基于PC,EPC,QC和BIBD-OOC的光码分多址系统相比,GA-OOC的光码分多址系统具有更好的误码率性能。GA-OOC有望用于构造二维光地址码。     

一种新的大容量的二维光正交码

构造了一种扩展的双曲线性同余码(EHLC)并分析了其码字性能.用该码作为时间扩频伪随机序列和以素数码(PC)作为波长跳频伪随机序列,再构成一种新的二维光正交码EHLC/PC.然后分析了EHLC/PC码字的性能,并与EQC/PC作了比较.相比之下,前者的互相关性能略有下降,但码字容量大大增加.因此,EHLC/PC适合于用户数较多的OCDMA系统.     

OCDMA系统二维RS地址码的设计方案及性能分析

首次在有限伽罗瓦域GF(7)上以本原元3构造出RS地址序列码.在一维RS素数码的基础上,给出基于二素数的二维RS矩阵码(2D-RSC)的设计方案.系统地研究了2D-RSC的OCDMA系统总体性能：分析了2D-RSC码字的相关性;导出了系统的最大用户容量;研究了2D-RSC系统以多址干扰为主的误码性能.结果表明：2D-RSC系统性能较之一维RS码有明显的改进. 特别是在大信息量传输时,采用两个较大的素数,基于2D-RSC的OCDMA系统的总体性能远优于一维素数码.     

A novel non-coherent spectral OCDMA system using one-dimensional expanded Hybrid codes for two-code keying

We propose leveraging one-dimensional expanded Hybrid codes (1-D E-Hybrid codes) for two-code keying (TCK) in spectral amplitude coding (SAC) optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) networks. Compared with the existing work, the proposed system can utilize all codes and provide a larger code size to support more simultaneous users. The numerical results demonstrate that the 1-D E-Hybrid codes for TCK outperform the existing 1-D approaches in terms of bit error rate (BER), and the data transmission rate can achieve 2.5 Gbps.     

Performance of run-length limited (4, 18) code for optical storage systems

In this paper, the authors investigate the performance of recently presented run-length limited (4, 18) code for high density optical storage systems. The construction of the code is described simply. The code has code rate R = 1/3 and density ratio (DR) = 1.67. The bit error rate (BER) performance for decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) detector are simulated, considering signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and optical channel jitter. The result shows that the performance of the code is acceptable. The encoder and decoder of the code are implemented by complex programmable logic device (CPLD) chip and the hardware resources required for encoder and decoder arelow.     

An adaptive multi-grid chemistry (AMC) model for efficient simulation of HCCI and DI engine combustion

There is a need to reduce the computational expense of practical multidimensional combustion simulations. Simulation of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine processes requires consideration of detailed chemistry in order to capture the ignition and combustion characteristics. Even with relatively coarse numerical meshes and reduced chemistry mechanisms, calculation times are still unacceptably long. For the simulation of Direct Injection (DI) engines, fine meshes are needed to achieve the resolution required by the spray and mixing models, and they are computationally expensive even with reduced chemistry. In addition, the increasing application of CFD for engine design optimization is pushing the demand to reduce computational time. In current design optimizations, depending on the size of the parametric space, hundreds of individual simulations are needed.

This work presents an efficient Adaptive Multi-grid Chemistry (AMC) model that can be used in engine CFD codes for simulations of HCCI and DI engines with detailed chemistry. It was found that the number of cells computed with the chemistry solver can be reduced by two orders of magnitude for HCCI engines. The results predicted by the present KIVA AMC code are also consistent with those calculated by the original code using every cell.

In the method, progressively coarser grids are used for cells with similar gas properties in the chemistry calculation (up to four neighbour levels) or in the global method, cells are grouped without regard for their locations in the cylinder. Averaged and gradient-preserving remapping techniques used in multi-zone engine simulations were also explored. A parametric study was conducted for determining the model variables, such as the degree of local homogeneity for the multi-grid solvers.

The simulation results were compared with experimental data obtained from a Honda engine operated with n-heptane under HCCI conditions for which directly measured in-cylinder temperature and H₂O mole fraction data are available. In addition, simulation results were found to agree well with experimental data from a DI diesel engine operated under PCCI conditions with ultra-high EGR rates. It was found that computer time was reduced by a factor of ten for HCCI cases and two to three for DI cases without losing prediction accuracy.     

SN方法粒子输运计算程序自动建模关键技术问题研究

在充分调研和分析SN方法粒子输运计算程序自动建模方法的基础上，对建模过程中的模型文件格式识别、属性编辑、空腔处理及自动划分离散网格等关键技术问题进行了研究，并提出了合理可行的解决方法。通过对SNAM程序建模部分功能测试，验证了这些方法的正确性和有效性。This paper presents two approaches to enhance the geometry modeling ability of SN particle transport simulation codes and focus on the key issues that lie in the processing from CAD model to SN code geometry model, e.g. CAD file format support, void modeling, mesh generation and model-editing. SNAM （SN Automatic Modeling system） has been developed as an interface code between commercial CAD software and SN particle transport simmulation codes. The testing results have shown that the algorithm and implementation used in SNAM are efficient and capable of all the necessary processing from CAD model to SN geometry model.     

Design of novel DS-OCDMA encoders/decoders using phase sampled long period grating

A novel long period grating structure with phase sampled technique is proposed to act as encoders/decoders in the direct sequence optical code division multiple access (DS-OCDMA) system. The structure with address code of 31 chips is designed and the relation between the sample period, the input pulse width and the refractive index difference is given. The encoded and decoded results are demonstrated to verify the feasibility of utilizing the coupling ratio to the cladding mode. The whole structure is expected to move on the photonic crystal fiber, for it can support the large refractive index difference between the core mode and cladding mode, as well as minimize the wavelength shift caused by the temperature change.     

基于三种调制模式下的turbo码光无线通信系统分析

从分析大气对光无线通信系统的影响出发,研究了大气信道特性,建立了大气信道信噪比和能见度的关系.为降低系统误码率,提出了基于OOK、BPSK、BPPM三种调制模式的turbo码的编码方案,推导出三种不同方案对应的turbo码迭代MAP算法.应用建立的信噪比关系,分析和计算了基于三种不同方案的系统的误码率.结果表明,基于BPSK的turbo码系统比OOK和BPPM系统的信噪比降低约3dB,且在高的信噪比情况下,BPSK系统能显著降低系统的误码率.因此,基于BPSK的turbo码方案较适合光无线通信系统.     

采用纠缠辅助量子LDPC码和检错重传策略的 量子直传通信方案

针对现有量子信息直传协议在有噪音量子信道下传输效率低及可靠性差的问题,提出了一种有效利用纠缠资源的量子安全直传通信方案.通过收发双方共享纠缠粒子作为辅助比特,采用纠缠辅助量子低密度校验码对量子态信息进行前向纠错保护,以提高系统在噪音环境下的传输可靠性.同时采用自动请求重传策略对量子态信息进行检错编码保护,当因窃听或强噪音导致译码获得的信息不正确时,则请求发端对该组信息进行编码重传操作.文中对所选用纠缠辅助量子低密度校验码在量子退极化噪音信道下的迭代译码性能进行了仿真,最后对方案的安全性进行了分析论证.     

光纤中高斯型伪随机序列码偏振度的理论分析和实验研究

推导了准单色光波情况下高斯脉冲伪随机序列偏振度的简洁数学表达式.理论分析结果表明,偏振度与差分群延迟之间的关系与线路啁啾和光纤色散无关,并且此关系可以由光信号频谱半宽度Δω和分光比γ唯一确定.用10 Gbit/s 7级m序列归零码进行的实验表明:实验结果与理论推导基本一致,从而验证了推导公式的正确性.     

多阶光存储的调制原理分析与编码设计研究

根据编码理论的状态切分算法，提出一种新型的8阶(1,3)游程长度受限码，在最小记录符上能够存储3.0比特的用户数据，并且编码与译码逻辑简明，可用于未来高密度多阶游程长度调制光盘系统.