Characterization of trimetallic Pt-Pd-Au/CeO2 catalysts combinatorial designed for methane total oxidation

In the present work, the role and the effect of platinum and gold on the catalytic performance of ceria supported tri-metallic Pt-Pd-Au catalysts have been studied. The optimum composition of these tri-metallic supported catalysts has been discovered using methods and tools of combinatorial catalyst library design. Detailed catalytic, spectroscopic and physico-chemical characterization of catalysts in the vicinity of the optimum in the given compositional space has been performed. The temperature-programmed oxidation of methane revealed that the addition of Pt and Au to Pd/CeO2 catalyst resulted in higher conversion values in the whole investigated temperature range compared to the monometallic Pd catalyst. The time-on-stream experiments provided further evidence for the high-stability of tri-metallic catalysts compared to the monometallic one. Kinetic studies revealed the stronger adsorption of methane on Pt-Pd/CeO2 catalysts than over Pd/CeO2. XPS analysis showed that Pt and Au stabilize Pd in a more reduced form even under condition of methane oxidation. FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO and hydrogen TPD measurements provided indirect evidences for alloying of Pt and Au with Pd. CO chemisorption data indicated that tri-metallic catalysts have increased accessible metallic surface area. It is suggested that advantageous catalytic properties of tri-metallic Pt-Au-Pd/CeO2 catalysts compared to the monometallic one can be attributed to (i) suppression of the formation of ionic forms of Pd(II), (ii) reaching an optimum ratio between Pd0 and PdO species, and (iii) stabilization of Pd in high dispersion. The results also indicate that Pd0 - PdO ensemble sites are required for methane activation.     

Pd/Ce/Al/蜂窝陶瓷催化剂制备方法的研究

本文应用溶胶－凝胶技术对蜂窝陶瓷表面进行涂层,然后负载活性组分,以CO氧化作模型反应,考察了催化剂干燥方法,浸涂原液类型以及助剂CeO2对汽车尾气净化催化剂活性的影响,并应用TPR、XPS等手段对其进行表征,由催化剂活性测试结果表明,干燥方法对催化剂活性影响不大,加入分散剂的氧化铝溶胶作浸渍原液的催化活性最高,同时活性评价实验结果还表明,加入CeO2作助剂的催化剂的活性明显提高,这可能是由于PdO与CeO2之间发生的协同效应所致,XPS谱图结果显示,CeO2与PdO之间存在协同作用,且Pd处于较高的氧化状态,这可能起因于从Pd到Ce的电子转移作用,Ce处于较低的还原状态,导致Ce-O键结合强度的降低。H2－TPR表征结果同样证实了PdO与CeO2之间存在协同效应,CeO2的引入,促进了PdO的还原,而PdO的存在降低了CeO2表面氧的还原温度,同时此现象也支持了XPS结论。     

A Review on Complete Oxidation of Methane at Low Temperatures

This paper reviews recent developments in complete oxidation of methane at low temperatures over noble metal catalysts in the past 20 years. The Pd/A1203 catalyst system is fully discussed. The review mainly focuses on the kinetic aspects of methane oxidation over this catalyst, and methane activation behavior over Pd and PdO phases (the form of PdO on the surface, transient behavior, the nature of the active sites, the influence of metal particle size and their structure sensitivities, and so on). Some Pd catalysts supported on other oxides besides the Al2O3 support are briefly discussed. Possible routes of non-noble metal catalysts as substitutes for the Pd catalyst are also proposed.     

Pd/CexZr1-xO2/SiO2催化剂的制备及其甲烷催化燃烧性能的研究

采用浸渍法制备了Pd质量分数为0.1%~1.0%的Pd/SiO2和Pd/5%CexZr1-xO2/SiO2（x0.0~1.0）系列催化剂，在微型固定床反应器上对催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧性能进行了评价，用XRD、H2-TPR等分析测试技术对催化剂的结构进行了表征。结果表明，Pd/SiO2和Pd/CexZr1-xO2/SiO2催化剂都具有较好的甲烷催化燃烧活性，CexZr1-xO2可以明显提高催化剂的催化活性，并且Ce和Zr的比值对催化剂催化活性也有显著的影响。XRD和TPR显示，Pd/CexZr1-xO2/SiO2催化剂中的CexZr1-xO2对PdO的分散性和还原性有较好的促进作用。     

CeO2-MOx (M=La3+, Ca2+)改性Pd/γ-Al2O3催化甲烷燃烧性能

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了固溶体CeO2-MOx(M=La3+, Ca2+)改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂, 利用XRD、Raman和XPS对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 金属(M)离子进入CeO2的晶格, 形成CeO2-MOx固溶体, Raman谱上463 cm-1处对应于Ce—O键的F2g对称伸缩振动强度降低. 其中, 样品Pd/γ-Al2O3-CeO2-CaO在615 cm-1处出现一小峰, 样品Pd/γ-Al2O3-CeO2-La2O3在320 cm-1处出现的肩峰, 都表明固溶体CeO2-MOx的形成使O2-亚晶格结构对称性降低. XPS分析表明, 固溶体改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂中Pd 的3d5/2结合能比正常价态的PdO的结合能高出0.5-0.6 eV, 形成了一种高度离子化的, 与载体具有强相互作用的Pd物种. 催化甲烷燃烧实验证明, 固溶体CeO2-MOx(M=La3+, Ca2+)改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂的低温活性和稳定性均高于未经改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂和仅用CeO2改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂, 在空速为50000 h-1时, 可使1%CH4-99%空气(体积分数)混合气中甲烷的10%转化温度降至254 ℃, 转化率100%时的转化温度降至340 ℃.     

Pd/CeO2甲烷氧化催化剂的构效关系

钯基催化剂是甲烷氧化活最具活性的催化剂.在宏观和纳米尺度上,它们的组成、结构和形态的调整可以显著改变其催化行为和稳定性,对催化剂的整体性能有很大的影响.在已经应用的几种载体和促进剂组合中, Pd/CeO2由于其活性和耐用性以及Pd/Pd O载体之间较强的相互作用而引起了人们的极大关注.这使得人们可在纳米尺度上创建特定的结构,从而对甲烷活化特性产生重大的影响.本文综述了该领域的最新发现,特别是设想如何在纳米尺度上尽可能控制Pd-CeO2相互作用,从而有助于设计更强劲的甲烷氧化催化剂.     

还原剂对Au-Pd/CeO2催化剂甲醇部分氧化性能的影响

以PVP为保护剂,乙醇(ER)、乙二醇(GR)和水合肼(HR)为还原剂制备了一系列Au-Pd/CeO2催化剂,考察了还原剂对甲醇部分氧化性能的影响,并运用XRD、TPD和TPR等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,Au-Pd/CeO2(ER)催化剂具有较大的比表面积,形成的AuxPdy量较多、粒径较小、分散度较高、活性组分与载体的相互作用较强,同时对甲醇的吸附量较大和吸附温度较低。因此,该催化剂具有较高的催化活性和氢气选择性以及较低的CO质量分数。     

CeO2-MOx（M=La^3＋,Ca^2＋）改性Pd/γ-Al2O3催化甲烷燃烧性能

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了固溶体CeO2-MOx=(M=La3+,Ca2+)改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂,利用XRD、Raman和XPS对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,金属(M)离子进入CeO2的晶格,形成CeO2-MOx固溶体,Raman谱上463cm-1处对应于Ce-O键的F2g对称伸缩振动强度降低.其中,样品Pd/γ-Al2O3CeO2-CaO在615 cm-1处出现一小峰,样品Pd/γ-Al2O3-CeO2-La2O3在320cm-1处出现的肩峰,都表明固溶体CeO2-MOx的形成使O2-亚晶格结构对称性降低.XPS分析表明,固溶体改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂中Pd的3d5/2结合能比正常价态的PdO的结合能高出0.5-0.6 eV,形成了一种高度离子化的.与载体具有强相互作用的Pd物种.催化甲烷燃烧实验证明,固溶体CeO2-MOx(M=La3+,Ca2+)改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂的低温活性和稳定性均高于未经改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂和仅用CeO2改性的Pd/γAl2O3催化剂,在空速为50000 h-1时,可使1%CH4-99%空气(体积分数)混合气中甲烷的10%转化温度降至254℃,转化率100%时的转化温度降至340℃.     

氧化还原预处理对一氧化碳低温氧化Pd/CeO2-TiO2催化剂性能的影响

研究了氧化还原预处理对溶胶-凝胶法制备的CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物负载Pd催化剂上CO低温氧化性能的影响，并对催化剂的稳定性进行了考察。H2-TPR结果表明，83 ℃的耗氢峰是PdO和载体中CeO2共同还原的结果，高温还原后Pd与载体之间相互作用加强。经高温氧化(500 ℃)低温还原(150 ℃)预处理的催化剂CO低温氧化活性最好，在反应气组成为0.5% CO＋1.6% O2＋6.0%N2＋Ar，空速为30 000 mL·g－1·h－1，程序升温反应显示CO完全转化温度为48 ℃，这种预处理方式能够形成适宜的载体与金属间相互作用。稳定性实验在室温下进行，反应气组成为0.6% CO＋14.7% O2+55.3％N2＋Ar，Pd/CeO2-TiO2催化剂具有较好的低温反应稳定性，100%CO转化率可持续12 h。     

Temperature dependence of the kinetics for the complete oxidation of methane on palladium and palladium oxide

The kinetics for the complete combustion of methane was studied on a Pd foil in the regions where the oxide and then the metal were the bulk stable phases. The use of a model catalyst allowed the kinetics to be studied at higher temperatures than are possible on supported catalysts since heat and mass transport limitations could be avoided for this nonporous model catalyst. For all reaction conditions, CH4 and O2 reaction orders remained the same at about 0.7 and 0, respectively. With PdO as the stable phase, the water reaction order increased from -1 to 0 and the apparent activation energy (Ea) decreased from 125 to 30 kJ mol(-1) as the reaction temperature increased from 600 to 880 K. We propose that as the temperature is increased water desorbs from the sites responsible for combustion and as a result water inhibition and Ea decrease. To investigate the rate of reaction on Pd versus PdO, the rates were measured around the Pd-PdO transition temperature. The turnover rate decreased from 3.0 s(-1) to 0.3 s(-1) at the transition temperature (907 K with 1.5 Torr O2 and 0.30 Torr CH4) when PdO decomposed to Pd metal, showing that PdO was more active than Pd metal for methane oxidation at this temperature. The reaction orders for Pd metal in the range of 933-1003 K were 0.7, 0, and 0 for methane, water, and O2, respectively, with an apparent activation energy of 125 kJ mol(-1). Thus, the turnover rate and Ea changes suggest that the reaction mechanism for methane oxidation on Pd is different from the one on PdO.     

Influence of CeO2 and La2O3 on properties of palladium catalysts used for emission control of natural gas vehicles

Pd/YZ-Al2O3 (Y and Zr modified Al2O3, and hereafter, labelled as Al) catalysts with 4 wt% additive CeO2 and/or La2O3 were prepared and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), NO-temperature programmed desorption (NO-TPD), N2-adsorption/desorption (Brunauer-Emmet-Teller BET method), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and CO-chemisorption. Catalytic activities for CH4, CO and NO conversion were tested in a gas mixture simulated the emissions from natural gas vehicles (NGVs) operated under stoichiometric conditions. The results indicated that all catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic performances for CH4 and CO oxidation and the promoting effect of CeO2 or La2O3 was significant for NO conversion. XPS results showed that the electron density around Pd was increased by CeO2 and/or La2O3, the binding energy of Pd 3d decreased as the order: Pd/Al>Pd/Ce/Al>Pd/La/Al>Pd/CeLa/Al. The electron-rich Pd showed Rh-like catalytic properties which exhibited good activity for the reduction of NO. NO-TPD results showed that the addition of CeO2 and/or La2O3 increased NO adsorption on surface, and promoted the conversion of NO.     

CeO2-Y2O3涂层和负载型Pd催化剂催化燃烧VOCs

制备了一种粘附在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体上的CeO_2-Y_2O_3(CeY)复合氧化物新涂层.以二氧化铈和柠檬酸钇为前驱体,制备过程中无有害物质产生,对环境友好.CeY涂层和Pd/CeY催化剂通过SEM、EDX、XRF和Raman光谱等表征.结果表明,此涂层的粘结强度高,对活性组分的吸附性能好,适合用来负载钯催化剂.Y_2O_3大部分进入了峰窝陶瓷的孔道内,CeO_2和Pd物种则富集在载体的表面.以CO、甲苯和乙酸乙酯的催化燃烧来评价Pd/CeY催化剂的性能,此催化剂具有较好的催化活性和热稳定性.500℃焙烧的催化剂,CO、甲苯和乙酸乙酯的T_(99)(转化率99%以上所需的最低反应温度)分别为150、220和310℃;1050℃焙烧的催化剂,它们的T_(99)分别为180、250和330℃.高温焙烧的催化剂,活性物种PdO的晶粒增大,这可能导致催化剂的活性下降.     

铈和镧改性γ-Al2O3担载Pd催化剂的结构效应

分别以镧-铈、铈-镧顺序浸渍和镧铈共浸渍的方式在γ-Al2O3载体上引入助剂La2O3和CeO2，然后担载Pd制备了一系列催化剂.以甲醇分解为探针反应，采用XRD、EXAFS和XPS对催化剂的体相和表面结构进行表征，用BET法测定比表面积，并进行了吸附态CO的FTIR研究.结果表明,La2O3容易进入CeO2的晶格中，促进了CeO2在γ-Al2O3上的分散.但不同的La2O3、CeO2加入方式对活性组分Pd在改性载体上的分散度、优势暴露面及其与CeO2之间的相互作用产生不同的影响.关联甲醇分解性能测试结果说明,Pd在载体上的高度分散以及Pd和CeO2之间通过界面产生的强相互作用是催化剂具有高活性的关键.     

负载型Pd三效催化剂：载体CeO2-ZrO2-BaO的制备及催化性能

制备了不同BaO含量的CeO2-ZrO2储氧材料,并以此材料为载体浸渍H2PdCl6制得三效催化剂.结果表明,不论新鲜还是1 000 ℃老化状态下,以10%BaO添加CeO2-ZrO2储氧材料制备的Pd三效催化剂活性最佳,起燃和完全转化温度最低.XPS结果证实,10%BaO添加.通过稳定PdO活性组分并改变其电子环境使得催化剂有最佳活性.而随着BaO含量持续增加,Pd活件组分相对处于较氧化状态.储氧量、低温N2吸附-脱附测试以及XRD测试结果均表明10%BaO添加的材料储氧量,比表面积以及孔容均最大,而且有适应三效催化的孔径.这些结果均有助于以其制备的Pd三效催化剂获得更好的活性以及热稳定性.     

负载型Pd/SnO2催化剂低温催化甲烷燃烧

天然气储量巨大,被广泛应用于发电和工业窑炉等.甲烷作为天然气中最主要的成分,是氢碳比最高的碳氢化合物,其温室效应显著.因此,不完全燃烧所引起的CH4排放,不仅导致能源浪费,同时也可造成环境污染.与传统火焰燃烧相比,CH4催化燃烧具有更高的燃烧效率,并可显著地减少大气污染物(CO,NOx和未完全燃烧的烃类)的排放.贵金属Pd催化剂对CH4催化燃烧表现出优异的催化性能,其中Pd颗粒的尺寸、Pd的化学状态、载体性质及其与Pd之间的相互作用等对其活性有显著影响.本文以不同温度(600,800,1000和1200℃)焙烧所得SnO2为载体,通过等体积浸渍法制备了Pd/SnO2催化剂,研究了SnO2焙烧温度对CH4催化燃烧性能的影响.结果表明,所制备的SnO2均为锐钛矿结构,并且随着SnO2焙烧温度的升高,晶型愈加完美,晶粒尺寸显著增大.催化剂中引入的Pd以高分散形式存在,CH4催化燃烧反应活性随着载体SnO2焙烧温度的升高而显著提高,其中Pd/SnO2(1200)表现出最高的CH4燃烧活性,起燃温度和最低全转化温度分别为265和390℃.在反应温度为300℃时,Pd/SnO2(1200)上甲烷的反应速率是Pd/SnO2(600)的36倍.XPS等结果表明,随着SnO2焙烧温度的升高,Pd的化学状态也有所差异:对于低温焙烧的SnO2(<800℃),Pd以Pd4+的形式进入到SnO2晶格内;随着焙烧温度的升高(>1000℃),Pd以Pd2+物种的形式存在于载体表面.结合活性评价结果推测,Pd的化学状态可能并非是影响催化剂活性的最关键因素.TEM等结果表明,Pd/SnO2(1000)上PdO的(101)晶面与载体SnO2的(101)晶面相近,分别为0.2641 nm和0.2638 nm.O2-TPD和CH4-TPR结果表明,Pd/SnO2(1200)催化剂上单位Pd原子上O2的脱附量是Pd/SnO2(600)的3倍,单位Pd原子上CH4的消耗量比催化剂Pd/SnO2(600)高出45%.因此,PdO和SnO2在构型上存在的晶面匹配可提高催化剂对O2的活化能力.综上所述,SnO2和贵金属之间的晶格匹配有利于氧在Pd-SnO2界面的活化,同时载体SnO2中的晶格氧亦可以通过"氧反溢流机理"补充到表面PdO/Pd上,从而增强催化剂对O2的吸附和活化能力,并提高CH4催化燃烧反应性能.升高SnO2的焙烧温度可强化SnO2和贵金属之间的晶格匹配,从而使催化剂活性随着SnO2焙烧温度升高而增大.     

CuO／CeO2和CuO／Al2O3催化剂的催化性能

本文以ＣＯ氧化为模式反应考察了ＣｅＯ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３负载氧化铜催化剂的氧化活性，运用ＸＲＤ和ＴＰＲ技术研究了催化剂的还原性能和物相结构，结果表明：载体性质对负载ＣｕＯ催化剂的ＣＯ氧化活性有很大影响，ＣｕＯ／ＣｅＯ２催化剂活性明显高于ＣｕＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂．催化剂的还原特性随载体不同而不同．同时发现，热处理对催化剂铜物种的存在形式，晶粒大小、还原特性及其催化活性有明显影响，ＣｕＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂活性下降的主要因素是生成了活性较低的ＣｕＡｌ２Ｏ４相，而ＣｕＯ／ＣｅＯ２催化剂活性下降是由于ＣｕＯ和ＣｅＯ２发生烧结，晶粒变大     

Effect of CeO2 preparation method and Cu loading on CuO/CeO2 catalysts for methane combustion

CeO2 was synthesized by sol-gel, hydrothermal, nitrate thermal decomposition methods, respectively, and used as support to prepare CuO/CeO2 catalysts. According to characterization and reaction results, preparation method of CeO2 had a great influence on the physicochemical properties and activities of CuO/CeO2 catalysts. CuO with high dispersion and strong interaction with CeO2 was highly active in methane combustion, while CuO particles less associated with CeO2 showed less activity. The CuO catalyst supported on CeO2 which was prepared via nitrate thermal decomposition method showed the largest area, the smallest particle size, the highest dispersion of copper species and strong support metal interactions. Therefore, it presented the highest redox ability and activity for methane combustion. Activities of the catalysts with different copper content kept increasing until 5% Cu loading and from then on kept constant. Moreover, methane conversion decreased as methane space velocities increased on CuO/CeO2 catalyst. Addition of CO2 to the feed did not produce a significant effect on the catalytic activity, but the presence of H2O provoked a remarkable decrease on the activity of CuO/CeO2 catalyst.     

助剂对Cu-Mn复合氧化物整体式催化剂催化低浓度甲烷燃烧反应性能的影响

以堇青石蜂窝陶瓷(COR)为载体,采用浸渍法制备了Cu-Mn-O/A12O3/COR,Cu-Mn-Ce-O/Al2O3/COR,Cu-Mn-Zr-O/Al2O3/COR,Cu-Mn-La-O/A12O3/COR和Cu-Mn-Ce-Zr-O/Al2O3/COR5种Cu-Mn复合氧化物整体式催化剂,用于低浓度甲烷催化燃烧反...     

CeO2负载的PdO与Ce1‒x Pd x O2‒δ 物种的甲烷催化燃烧性能

通过调控Pd前驱物在CeO₂上的沉积方式, 分别制备了以PdO和离子态的Ce_1?x Pd _x O_2?δ 物种为主的 Pd/CeO₂催化剂, 并采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和拉曼(Raman)光谱确证了这两种Pd物种的存在. 氧气程序升温脱附(O₂-TPD)和氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)的表征结果显示, 相比于与载体相互作用较弱的PdO物种, 与CeO₂相互作用较强的Ce_1?x Pd _x O_2?δ 物种具有更加稳定的Pd—O键. 催化剂的甲烷燃烧反应起燃活性测试结果显示, 以PdO物种为主的催化剂表现出了良好的低温催化性能, 在原料气配比为1%CH₄/4%O₂-Ar, 空速为60000 mL·{\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}}^{-\mathrm{1}}·h^?1的条件下, T₁₀和T₉₀分别为275和367 ℃, 而两种以Ce_1?x Pd _x O_2?δ 物种为主的催化剂的T₁₀均超过420 ℃. 催化剂的甲烷程序升温还原(CH₄-TPR)表征结果表明, 在升温过程中只有当PdO或Ce_1?x Pd _x O_2?δ 物种被CH₄还原后, 催化活性才开始上升. 由于PdO物种的Pd—O键强度较弱, 有利于Pd物种上的晶格氧在较低温度下参与CH₄的氧化过程. 而Ce_1?x Pd _x O_2?δ 物种的Pd—O键较稳定, 且在反应条件下离子态Pd²⁺与反应体系中氧物种的作用较强, 进而抑制了其与CH₄的反应, 因此反应的起燃温度较高. 以γ-Al₂O₃为载体采用相同的方法制备了Pd/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂, 相关的表征结果进一步证实, 与载体相互作用较弱的PdO物种更容易被CH₄还原, 进而具有较高的催化活性. 据此可以认为Pd/CeO₂上氧化态的Pd物种被CH₄的还原性能是决定其甲烷催化燃烧反应活性的重要因素之一.     

CeO2纳米层对多层载体x-CeO2/3DOM Al2O3负载纳米Au催化剂催化柴油炭烟燃烧活性的影响

与汽油车相比,柴油车具有CO2排放低、寿命长和经济性好等优点,所以近年来受到广泛关注并被大量使用.但是,柴油车在使用过程中会产生大量炭烟颗粒物(PM),对大气环境和人类健康造成很大威胁.因此,开展这方面的基础研究具有重要的科学意义及环境保护意义.催化柴油炭烟燃烧反应是一个气-固-固多相深度氧化反应,由于PM的粒径远大于传统催化剂,导致PM不能进入催化剂孔道内部,造成催化剂活性比表面积利用率较低.设计并制备大孔径的三维有序大孔结构(3DOM)的催化剂,能够减小反应扩散阻力,增加催化剂与炭烟颗粒物的有效接触,加快反应进行.另外,可以通过在3DOM氧化物表面担载其它活性组分,提高催化剂的氧化还原性能,进而提高其活性.CeO2有很好的储放氧性能,在柴油车尾气净化催化剂中较为常见,但是单一的CeO2热稳定性较差,高温下容易烧结,使得比表面积减小,并且失去储氧能力,造成催化剂失活.文献中较常见的解决办法是在CeO2中掺杂其它阳离子,如Zr4+,Pr3+,Al3+,La3+及Y3+等离子,以提高CeO2的抗高温烧结能力.此外,研究报道的催化剂对催化柴油炭烟颗粒物燃烧的峰值温度已经远低于炭烟颗粒物的自燃温度,但是对颗粒物的起燃温度仍普遍较高.我们前期研究结果表明,担载纳米Au颗粒催化剂能够显著降低炭烟燃烧的起燃温度.本文采用胶体晶体模板法制备了3DOM Al2O3载体,利用微孔膜-氨沉淀法担载不同量的活性组分CeO2,制备出一种负载型x-CeO2/3DOM Al2O3催化剂,它既可减少稀土元素用量,降低成本,又因为Al2O3的机械强度较高,还能保证催化剂的机械强度足够好.为了进一步降低催化剂催化炭烟燃烧的起燃温度,利用还原沉积法在多层载体x-CeO2/3DOM Al2O3上负载纳米Au催化剂,制备出不同厚度的CeO2纳米层负载Au催化剂(Au/x-CeO2/3DOM Al2O3).利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、H2程序升温还原和O2程序升温脱附等方法研究了催化剂的结构及物化性质与催化剂活性之间的关系,提出了消除PM反应的可能机理.结果表明,Al3+离子能够部分进入到CeO2中,形成Al-Ce固溶体.由于Al离子半径小于Ce离子,Al3+掺杂后能引起CeO2晶格发生畸变,产生大量缺陷,形成大量氧空位,促进晶格氧的移动,从而使催化剂具有更大的储放氧能力.在Au/x-CeO2/3DOM Al2O3催化剂中,CeO2担载量过高时,氧化铈纳米层较厚,活性组分容易烧结,不利于催化剂活性提高;而CeO2担载量过低,则CeO2纳米层较稀薄,催化剂的氧化还原性能受限,催化剂活性也不高.因此,CeO2的担载量应适当.此外,Au和CeO2之间的强相互作用能够增加Au纳米颗粒表面活性氧物种的数量,从而促进柴油炭烟燃烧反应.活性测试结果表明,担载纳米Au颗粒后,催化剂催化柴油炭烟燃烧的起燃温度均明显降低,在所制备的系列催化剂中Au/20％CeO2/3DOM Al2O3催化剂展示了最高的催化活性,T10,T50和T90分别为267,372和426 oC.