A [3+2] annulation procedure for methylenecyclopentanes

A two step sequence converts certain cyclic enones to fused methylenecyclopentanes using the annulation reagent 2-chloromethyl-3-trimethylsilylpropene.     

肉桂腈电化学还原反应机理

采用循环伏安法研究了肉桂腈在乙腈溶液中的电还原行为,其在-1.46和-2.0V处各存在一个还原峰.第一个峰处恒电位电解得到了线性、环化氢化二聚产物以及苯基戊二腈;第二个峰处电解得到了饱和二氢还原产物苯丙腈.结合循环伏安模拟判定了整个电还原的具体反应机理是肉桂腈通过电化学-电化学-化学-化学(EECC)反应机理生成苯丙腈,同时经历自由基-自由基(RR)过程得到线性和环化二聚产物,肉桂腈还可以与乙腈的共轭碱反应得到苯基戊二腈.最终通过循环伏安模拟求得相应反应的动力学常数,自由基-自由基耦合反应速率常数为104L·mol-.1s-1,第二个电子转移反应速率常数为0.3cm.s-1,其后质子化反应的速率常数为105s-1.     

Convolutive forecasting at a hanging mercury drop electrode

Convolutive forecasting is a procedure which converts a non-steady-state voltammogram into a steady-state voltammogram. The procedure was found to be successful on a range of sphericities generated by varying the size of a hanging mercury drop and the potential sweep rate in a series of cyclic voltammetric experiments. Both theoretical and experimental analyses on a reversible electrochemical system were considered. An expression establishing the relationship between the radius of a spherical electrode and the potential sweep rate was developed to define the limits of the convolutive forecasting algorithm which was used.     

Synthesis of beta-hydroxy ketones and vinylsilanes from homopropargylic alcohols by intramolecular hydrosilation

Catalytic intramolecular hydrosilation of nonracemic homopropargylic alcohols affords the corresponding five-membered cyclic siloxanes regiospecifically. Oxidation or alkylmetal addition converts these intermediates into beta-hydroxy ketones or vinylsilanes under mild conditions.     

Ground state oxygen in synthesis of cyclic peroxides. Part 1: Benzo fused ketals

A thiol-olefin-cooxygenation (TOCO) radical chain reaction involving ground state molecular oxygen converts 2′-isopropenyl acetophenones directly into cyclic peroxy hemiketal products with three new bonds. Starting with 4-t-butylbenzenethiol, this TOCO process proceeds reproducibly on gram scale in 86% yield. Hemiketal→ketal and sulfide→sulfone transformations finally provide a series of sulfonyl cyclic peroxy ketals. The in vitro antimalarial activities of some of these structurally simple benzo-fused cyclic peroxides are reported.     

Hydrogenation of Borylated Arenes

A cis‐selective hydrogenation of abundant aryl boronic acids and their derivatives catalyzed by rhodium cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (Rh–CAAC) is reported. The reaction tolerates a variety of boron‐protecting groups and provides direct access to a broad scope of saturated, borylated carbo‐ and heterocycles with various functional groups. The transformation is strategically important because the versatile saturated boronate products are difficult to prepare by other methods. The utility of the saturated cyclic building blocks was demonstrated by post‐functionalization of the boron group.     

Determination of trace ethylene glycol in industrial solvents and lubricants using phenyl boronic acid derivatization and multidimensional gas chromatography

A practical gas chromatographic approach is introduced for the characterization of trace ethylene glycol in industrial solvents and lubricants. The analytical approach employs single step derivatization technique that effectively converts ethylene glycol to the cyclic boronate ester (2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane), using phenyl boronic acid as a derivatizing reagent. The separation of the derivatized product was achieved by using multidimensional gas chromatography. Heavy lubricant matrices like engine crankcase oil were back-flushed to improve sample throughput and system cleanliness. Detection and quantitation of 2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane was conducted with mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode.     

In-Solution Derivatization and Headspace Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for 56 Carbonyl Compounds in Tobacco Heating Products,Traditional Tobacco Products and Flavoring Capsules

Chromatographia - Optimal derivatization conditions were established for the simultaneous determination of 12 aliphatic saturated aldehydes, 8 aliphatic saturated ketones, 4 cyclic ketones, 3...     

A facile and one-pot electrochemical method for the synthesis of a new anthraquinonethioether

The reaction of electrochemically generated anthradiquinone as a Michael acceptor with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and 2- mercaptobenzoxazole,as nucleophiles in ethanol/water mixtures has been studied by means of cyclic voltammetry.Our voltammetric data indicate that produced anthradiquinone participates in Michael addition reaction with nucleophiles and via an ECEC mechanism converts to the new anthraquinonethioether derivatives.Based on an EC mechanism,the observed homogeneous rate constant of the Michael reaction of anthradiquinone with nucleophiles were estimated by comparing the experimental cyclic voltammograms with the digital simulated results.     

Reactive organoallyl species generated from aryl halides and allene: allylation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and cyclic ketones employing Pd/In transmetallation processes

Allylation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and cyclic ketones promoted by Pd/In transmetallation processes has been studied. The unsaturated aldehydes underwent regioselective 1,2-addition to afford secondary homoally alcohols. The reactions have been performed using Pd(OAc)₂/PPh₃ as catalytic system and metallic indium affording the products in good yields. The same transformation with unsaturated ketones proved to be less efficient, while saturated cyclic ketones delivered generally excellent yields in the presence of CuI. In these latter processes the presence of a distal heteroatom influences the reaction rate.     

Synthesis of α-methyl kainic acid by stereospecific lithiation-dearomatizing cyclization of a chiral benzamide

Stereospecific lithiation of N-α-methylbenzyl benzamides gives configurationally stable tertiary benzyllithiums which undergo a stereospecific dearomatizing cyclization with >99% retention of stereochemistry. The products are partially saturated isoindolinones which carry a new fully-substituted stereogenic centre. A ten-step sequence converts one of these products to the α-methyl analogue of kainic acid.     

Etheric C-o bond hydrogenolysis using a tandem lanthanide triflate/supported palladium nanoparticle catalyst system

Selective hydrogenolysis of cyclic and linear ether C-O bonds is accomplished by a tandem catalytic system consisting of lanthanide triflates and sinter-resistant supported palladium nanoparticles in an ionic liquid. The lanthanide triflates catalyze endothermic dehydroalkoxylation, while the palladium nanoparticles hydrogenate the resulting intermediate alkenols to afford saturated alkanols with high overall selectivity. The catalytic C-O hydrogenolysis is shown to have significant scope, and the C-O bond cleavage is turnover-limiting.     

One-pot regio- and stereoselective cyclization of 1,2,n-triols

A simple and efficient process to cyclize triols containing a 1,2-diol functionality with a pendant hydroxyl group is presented. The one-pot procedure converts the 1,2-diol into an ortho ester in situ, which upon treatment with a Lewis acid generates a cyclic acetoxonium intermediate. This intermediate is subsequently trapped by the pendant hydroxyl group to generate a cyclic ether. The stereochemistry of the 1,2-diol is transferred to the product with complete fidelity (inversion at the site of cyclization), and the reaction proceeds with high regioselectivity. The process is akin to the Lewis acid-catalyzed intramolecular ring-opening of epoxides with hydroxyl groups yielding cyclic ethers of various sizes with regio- and stereochemical control.     

Electrosynthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide

The use of CO(2) for the preparation of value-added compounds has dramatically increased due to increased global warming concerns. We herein report an electrochemical cell containing a copper cathode and a magnesium anode that effectively converts epoxides and carbon dioxide to cyclic carbonates under mild electrochemical conditions at atmospheric pressure.     

法拉第吸脱附偶联过程循环伏安行为的有限元分析

法拉第吸脱附偶联过程的电化学行为较为复杂,难以定量获得其表界面反应动力学信息. 本文通过COMSOL有限元软件对法拉第吸脱附偶联过程的循环伏安行为进行数值分析,研究了反应物或产物不同吸附条件下的循环伏安行为. 结果表明：当反应物或产物弱吸附时,可通过阴、阳极峰电流之差实现饱和吸附量的定量表征. 随着吸附平衡常数的增大,反应由弱吸附向强吸附过渡,峰电流由扩散峰与吸脱附峰相互重叠过渡到相互分离的吸脱附“前波”或“后波”特征. 该吸脱附特征峰的形状和位置与电势依赖的吸附平衡常数有关. 吸附平衡常数及其电势依赖程度越大,吸脱附峰偏离扩散峰越远,吸脱附峰越尖锐. 该模型为法拉第吸脱附偶联过程的循环伏安研究提供了一种定量研究方法,能够帮助研究者从复杂的吸脱附伏安行为中定量获得饱和吸附量和吸附平衡常数等信息,并对涉及吸脱附的电催化研究具有一定指导意义.     

Facile synthesis of cyclic α-perfluoroalkyl-α-aminophosphonates

Addition of diethylphosphite to cyclic α-perfluoalkyl substituted imines in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate as a catalyst presents an efficient route for racemic saturated cyclic α-perfluoroalkyl-α-aminophosphonates. Hydrolysis of latter compounds gives the corresponding α-aminoalkanephosphonic acids existing as the corresponding zwitterions according IR and X-ray data.     

Chemoselective ligation of sulfinic acids with aryl-nitroso compounds

Making a comeback: The inefficient condensation of sulfinic acid and aryl nitroso compounds has been transformed into a chemoselective process that converts sulfinic acid into stable cyclic sulfonamide analogues (see scheme). This ligation proceeds rapidly under aqueous conditions in high yield, and lays the groundwork for the development of sulfinic acid detection methods in biological systems.     

Matrix infrared spectra and density functional calculations of the H2CCN and H2CNC radicals produced from CH3CN

The H(2)CCN and H(2)CNC radicals are observed in matrix IR spectra from acetonitrile exposed to radiation from laser ablation of transition metals, whereas cyc-H(2)CCN, another plausible isomer, is not. Density functional frequency calculations and D and (13)C isotopic substitutions substantiate the vibrational assignments. The cyano methyl radical converts to the 95 kJ/mol higher energy isocyano counterpart on uv photolysis. Computations show that the cyclic isomer is a shallow energy minimum between two transition states. Intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations indicate that conversion between the two products is feasible via the cyclic configuration.     

An effective and mild method for the conversion of oximes to secondary nitro compounds

A mild and efficient process for the conversion of cyclic ketones to saturated nitro compounds, as outlined below, is described.     

Synthesis of Some Substituted Pyrroline-1-Oxides by Catalytic Hydrogenation of Aliphatic Gamma-Nitrocarbonyi Compounds

Various pyrroline-1-oxides were prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of appropriately substituted gamma-nitrocarbonyl compounds. Initially the reaction affords a mixture of the nitrone and the corresponding hydroxylamine, but copper(II)-catalyzed aerial oxidation readily converts the hydroxylamine to the desired cyclic nitrone. This method was found to be more convenient than the zine-ammonium chloride reduction and the corresponding yields were comparable.