Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Selenium-Containing Dienones

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - The nucleophilic addition of benzoselenol occurs regioselectively at the β-carbon of the triple bond of 1,5-disubstituted pent-2-ene-4-yne-1-ones,...     

Stereodivergent Carbamate Synthesis by Selective in Situ Trapping of Organic Carbonate Intermediates

Trans carbamates have been prepared in a diastereoselective approach by a judicious one‐pot combination of organic carbonates, prepared in situ, and suitable amine reagents under appropriate reaction conditions. This unprecedented approach allows for stereodivergence from a single oxirane substrate with easy access to both cis and trans carbamate isomers with high stereoselectivity (>19:1 d.r.). Key to the control of the diastereoselective nature of the conversions that lead to the trans carbamates is the in situ formation of trans‐configured oligo/polycarbonates through Al catalysis, which provides the targeted products after aminolysis. The present results demonstrate the valorization of a renewable carbon‐based reagent (CO₂) into new valuable scaffolds and an unusual stereocontrol exerted through carbonate intermediates. A series of control experiments support the proposed mechanistic rationale towards the trans carbamate products, which is based on the trapping of an in situ formed trans‐configured oligo/polycarbonate.     

The Total Synthesis of Isodon Diterpenes

Families of structurally related molecules often provide stimulating targets for organic chemists that are engaged in the development of new methods and strategies for natural product synthesis. While typically focused on specific molecules, these synthetic investigations often lead to generalizable concepts and significant opportunities for learning in a greater sense. Historically well‐investigated families of natural products, such as the prostanoids, indole alkaloids, and macrolide antibiotics, provide ample evidence for the enduring value of these collective activities. In this Minireview, we turn our attention to the polycyclic family of diterpenes isolated from the Isodon genus of plants and provide an account of the recent methods and strategies utilized for their total synthesis.     

Heck Reaction: Stereo Selective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Olefins: Useful Intermediates for Anthraquinone Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Palladium catalyzed arylation of dialkyl itaconate in presence of Pd(OAc)2/PPh₃ as a catalyst, afforded trisubstituted olefins stereo selectively. These alkenes are useful intermediates for the synthesis of anthraquinone carboxylic acid derivatives. A new coumarin is also synthesized using this protocol.     

两种氮杂环丁烷类药物中间体的合成

1-二苯甲基-3-羟基氮杂环丁烷(1)经过对甲苯磺酰氯取代、叠氮化及还原反应合成了药物中间体--1-二苯甲基-3-氨基氮杂环丁烷(4);1经过氧化、氰基化与还原反应合成了1-二苯甲基-3-羟基-3-氨甲基氮杂环丁烷(8).4和8的结构经1H NMR表征.     

稀有酮糖中间体的合成

以全苄基保护的糖酸内酯为原料,通过正丁基锂/二碘甲烷生成的碘甲基锂试剂对底物羰基加成增长碳链,再在碱性环境中水解合成了5个稀有酮糖中间体,其结构经NMR确认。     

5-Bromo-DL-tryptophan and Protected Intermediates for Peptide Synthesis

A convenient synthesis of 5-bromotryptophan and protected intermediates for peptide synthesis is reported. Only three steps are required to convert ethyl pyruvate into 5-bromo-tryptophan ethyl ester.     

具有杀菌活性的新型二萜化合物合成

以落叶松醇为原料,分别通过11步反应合成滇姜花E和相关二萜化合物,并对其进行了杀菌活性测试.     

Stereoselective Synthesis of Versatile Intermediates for Clerodanes Total synthesis

The stereoselective synthesis of compounds 2a-d, attractive intermediates for the synthesis of clerodane diterpenes is described in 6 to 9 steps in good overall yields from commercially available racemic Wieland-Miescher ketone.     

Enzyme Mimetic Active Intermediates for Nitrate Reduction in Neutral Aqueous Media

Nitrate is a pervasive aquatic contaminant of global environmental concern. In nature, the most effective nitrate reduction reaction (NRR) is catalyzed by nitrate reductase enzymes at neutral pH, using a highly‐conserved Mo center ligated mainly by oxo and thiolate groups. Mo‐based NRR catalysts mostly function in organic solvents with a low water stability. Recently, an oxo‐containing molybdenum sulfide nanoparticle that serves as an NRR catalyst at neutral pH was first reported. Herein, in a nanoparticle‐catalyzed NRR system a pentavalent Mo^V(=O)S₄ species, an enzyme mimetic, served as an active intermediate for the NRR. Potentiometric titration analysis revealed that a redox synergy among Mo^V?S, S radicals, and Mo^V(=O)S₄ likely play a key role in stabilizing Mo^V(=O)S₄, showing the importance of secondary interactions in facilitating NRR. The first identification and characterization of an oxo‐ and thiolate‐ligated Mo intermediates pave the way to the molecular design of efficient enzyme mimetic NRR catalysts in aqueous solution.     

Synthesis of Intermediates by Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation

The reaction of olefins with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to give aldehydes is referred to as hydroformylation (oxo reaction). As catalyst for this reaction rhodium is about three to four orders of magnitude more active than the more commonly employed cobalt. With special rhodium compounds, e.g. di-ν-chlorobis(ν-1,5-cyclooctadiene)dirhodium [RhCl(C₈H₁₂)]₂, in the presence of chiral phosphanes, even asymmetric hydroformylations can be achieved; however, the enantiomeric purity of the products (20–30%) is not high enough for industrial-scale syntheses.     

柠檬醛及中间体的合成

以异戊烯醛和异戊烯醇为原料,经异戊烯酸催化缩醛化反应得到3-甲基-2-丁烯醛二异戊烯基缩醛,再经磷酸二氢铵催化消除反应得到顺/反-异戊二烯基-3-甲基丁二烯醚,并进一步热重排获得柠檬醛。研究了缩醛化反应条件和消除反应条件对转化率的影响。结果表明,以0.3%异戊烯酸为酸性催化剂,70～75℃共沸脱水反应8 h,异戊烯醛的单程转化率达到63%～64%,处理后可得含量为97.5%的3-甲基-2-丁烯醛二异戊烯基缩醛,收率96.8%;以0.2%～0.5%磷酸二氢铵为催化剂,100～130℃,2.66 kPa下反应并及时将反应产物蒸出,处理后得到含量为95.9%的顺/反-异戊二烯基-3-甲基丁二烯醚,收率97.0%。顺/反-异戊二烯基-3-甲基丁二烯醚在120～130℃重排反应1 h,其反应产物柠檬醛含量97.5%,收率90.2%。     

The Reduction of Prostaglandin Intermediates Using Alumino Hydride Reagents

The assembly of the correct C-15¹ stereochemistry in prostaglandin synthesis has been attained by either generating the desired stereochemistry at C-15¹ through stereoselective reduction of a ketone precursor² or by adding the fully functionalised C₁₂-C₂₀ side chain intact by means of organometallic³, borane⁴ and β-oxidoylid reagents⁵. This paper is concerned with the first of these two approaches. It illustrates how a prostaglandin precursor (1) was reduced using bulky alumino hydride reagents derived from 3-0-benzyl-1,2,0-cyclohexylidene- α -D-glucofuranose to give benefits of yield or moderate stereoselectivity over other methods available at the time the work was carried out.     

盐酸普拉克索关键中间体的合成

以1,4-二氧杂螺[4.5]癸-8-酮(2)为起始原料,经三甲基硅烯醚化、碘代反应、酸化后所得的产物,与硫脲发生环合、水解后制得2-氨基-6-氧代-4,5,6,7-氢苯并[1,2-d]噻唑(5,经氨化还原反应合成了2,6-二氨基-4,5,6,7-四氢苯并[1,2-d]噻唑(6)。5和6两种关键中间体的总收率分别为86%和71%,其结构经MS、¹H NMR和¹³C NMR确证,探索了合成盐酸普拉克索的两种关键中间体方法和工艺的影响因素。     

DNA识别分子--寡聚酰胺的中间体合成研究

1990年开始,美国投入巨资正式实施人类基因组计划,预计在2003年将完成人类基因组的全部DNA测序、定位及遗传学的研究.在DNA测序等研究的基础上,实现人工合成的分子与DN A特定碱基序列的识别和结合是化学、分子生物学及生物医学等领域关注的焦点之一.     

2,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫中间体的合成

以2-溴代-3-甲基环己酮和2-溴代-5-甲基环己酮混合物及2-甲基苯硫酚为原料,经耦合、环化及纯化制得1,2,3,4-四氢-2,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(3);3在三氟乙酸中经锌粉还原合成了1,2,3,4,4a,9b-六氢-2,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(4).3和4的结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和GC-MS确证.     

Synthesis of 3-Aminopyrocatechol via Lithiated Intermediates

We report the synthesis of 3-aminopyrocatechol (7) through electrophilic amination of lithiated pyrocatechol, protected in the form of a ketal. For this purpose the lithiation reaction of protected pyrocatechol (1) was studied. The synthesis of compounds (3) was achieved by the reaction of organolithium derivative (2) and a series of electrophilic reagents. Lithium-t-butyl-N-tosyloxycarbamate (5) was used as the electrophilic aminating reagent. With the cupro derivative (4) the protecting groups in compound (6) are removed in an acid medium by heating in ethanol-HCl solution (4:1).