Fluorodecarboxylation for the Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Aryl Ethers

The synthesis of mono‐, di‐, and trifluoromethyl aryl ethers by fluorodecarboxylation of the corresponding carboxylic acids is reported. AgF₂ induces decarboxylation of aryloxydifluoroacetic acids, and AgF, either generated in situ or added separately, serves as a source of fluorine to generate the fluorodecarboxylation products. The addition of 2,6‐difluoropyridine increased the reactivity of AgF₂, thereby increasing the range of functional groups and electronic properties of the aryl groups that are tolerated. The reaction conditions used for the formation of trifluoromethyl aryl ethers also served to form difluoromethyl and monofluoromethyl aryl ethers.     

Nickel-Catalyzed Electrochemical Synthesis of (Hetero)Aryl Trifluoromethyl Selenides

A convenient and efficient approach for the construction of aryl trifluoromethyl selenoethers from aryl iodides under mild conditions is reported. Electrochemical activation of stable and inexpensive NiBr₂bipy (bipy – bipyridine) complex instead of labile Ni(COD)₂ (COD – cyclooctadiene) catalyst. [NMe₄][SeCF₃] is employed as shelf-stable source of SeCF₃ fragment. The reaction tolerates a wide range of substrates, including modification of drug-like molecules. Cyclic voltammetry studies allow insight into the reaction mechanism.     

A Mild Single-Step Reduction of Oximes to Amines1

A mild and convenient procedure has been developed for the reduction of oximes to amines in a single step involving treatment of the oxime with TiCl₃ in the presence of NaBH₃ CN. This method is especially useful for those substrates in which the intermediate imine is readily hydrolyzed.     

α—（1H—1,2,4—三唑—1—基）—α—芳氧烷基芳乙酮肟的合成和生物活性

对α－（１Ｈ－１，２，４－三唑－１－基）－α－芳氧烷基芳乙酮肟的合成和生物活性进行了研究，合成了１２个新型化合物，所有化合物的结构经１ＨＮＭＲ、ＭＳ和元素分析确证；初步生物活性测试结果表明，该类化合物具有一定的杀菌和植物生长调节活性．     

Reduction of O-Acyl Oximes with Sodium Borohydride/Iodine System

O-acyl derivatives of aldoximes and ketoximes are reduced in good yields to the corresponding amines with sodium borohydride-iodine system.     

Visible-Light Photocatalytic Reduction of Aryl Halides as a Source of Aryl Radicals

Aryl- and heteroaryl units are present in a wide variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and functional materials. The method for reduction of aryl halides with ubiquitous distribution is highly sought after for late-stage construction of various aromatic compounds. The visible-light-driven reduction of aryl halides to aryl radicals by electron transfer provides an efficient, simple, and environmentally friendly method for the construction of aromatic compounds. This review summarizes the recent progress in the generation of aryl radicals by visible-light-driven reduction of aryl halides with metal complexes, organic compounds, semiconductors as catalysts, and alkali-assisted reaction system. The ability and mechanism of reduction of aromatic halides in various visible light induced systems are summarized, intending to illustrate a comprehensive introduction of this research topic to the readers.     

Synthesis of N-(5-Pyrazolyl) Schiff Bases Derived from Aryl Trifluoromethyl Ketones

5-Amino-1-aryl-4-methylpyrazoles readily add to methyl 1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethylidenecarbamates to give the corresponding methyl 1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(5-pyrazolylamino)ethylcarbamates which undergo fragmentation at elevated temperature in the presence of an organic base to afford N-(5-pyrazolyl)-1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanimines.     

Selective Reduction of Aryl Diazonium Fluoroborates1

Substituted aryl diazonium fluoroborates have been selectively reduced to the corresponding phenylhydrazines by using borohydride exchange resin (BER).     

Silver‐Mediated Oxidative Trifluoromethylation of Phenols: Direct Synthesis of Aryl Trifluoromethyl Ethers

Aryl trifluoromethyl ethers (ArOCF₃) are prevalent in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. However, methods for the general and efficient synthesis of these compounds are extremely underdeveloped and limited. Herein, we describe a highly efficient and general procedure for the direct O‐trifluoromethylation of unprotected phenols through a silver‐mediated cross‐coupling reaction using CF₃SiMe₃ as the CF₃ source and exogenous oxidants. This novel oxidative trifluoromethylation provides access to a wide range of aryl trifluoromethyl ethers from simple phenols. The mild process was also applied to the late‐stage trifluoromethylation of a medicinally relevant compound.     

Ortho-Phosphinoarenesulfonamide-Mediated Staudinger Reduction of Aryl and Alkyl Azides

Conventional Staudinger reductions of organic azides are sluggish with aryl or bulky aliphatic azides. In addition, Staudinger reduction usually requires a large excess of water to promote the decomposition of the aza-ylide intermediate into phosphine oxide and amine products. To overcome the challenges above, we designed a novel triaryl phosphine reagent 2c with an ortho-SO₂NH₂ substituent. Herein, we report that such phosphine reagents are able to mediate the Staudinger reduction of both aryl and alkyl azides in either anhydrous or wet solvents. Good to excellent yields were obtained in all cases (even at a diluted concentration of 0.01 M). The formation of B-TAP, a cyclic aza-ylide, instead of phosphine oxide, eliminates the requirement of water in the Staudinger reduction. In addition, computational studies disclose that the intramolecular protonation of the aza-ylide by the ortho-SO₂NH₂ group is kinetically favorable and responsible for the acceleration of Staudinger reduction of the aryl azides.     

The Reduction of Aromatic Oximes to Amines with Borohydride Exchange Resin-Nickel Acetate System

Aromatic oximes were reduced to the corresponding amines with borohydride supported on an ion exchange resin (BER)- nickel acetate in methanol in good yields. The isolation of pure products by simple filtration and evaporation is an important feature of this method.     

Catalytic Reduction of Oximes to Hydroxylamines: Current Methods,Challenges and Opportunities

Catalytic reduction of oximes represents a direct efficient approach to synthesize valuable hydroxylamine derivatives. However this transformation presents significant challenges: oximes are hard to reduce and, if reactive, reductive cleavage of the weak N−O bond often leads to primary amine side products. The first suitable systems involved the use of platinum-based heterogeneous catalysts with hydrogen as reductant and stoichiometric amounts of a strong Brønsted acid. More recently metal-free and transition-metal-based homogeneous catalysts have been developed, which display the highest turnovers (up to 4000). In the asymmetric variants, the E/Z-geometry of the oxime double bond affects significantly the stereoselectivity, sometimes requiring extra synthetic efforts in substrate preparation. This minireview provides an overview of the advances and limitations in catalytic oxime to hydroxylamine reduction. Emphasis is put on highlighting and comparing the practical aspects of the existing methods, such as their reaction conditions and substrate scope. Additionally, future directions for improving this young research area are suggested.     

Reduction of Aryl Thiocyanates with SmI(2) and Pd-Catalyzed Coupling with Aryl Halides as a Route to Mixed Aryl Sulfides

A series of aryl iodides, with a range of substituents, has been successfully coupled using 10 mol % Pd catalyst with samarium thiolates, derived from the corresponding aryl thiocyanates upon reductive cleavage with SmI(2). Reactions proceed in THF at 65 degrees C in yields ranging from good to excellent and are compatible with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents, except NO(2). The reactions may also be conducted with aryl bromides although with somewhat lower yields.     

Trifluoromethyl imidazoles

Some imidazole derivatives with trifluoromethyl substituents have been made, as part of a programme on the synthesis of fluorine-containing annyti-cancer agents. This work is a joint project between ourselves and Professor A.B. Foster's group at the Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Cancer Hospital, London. Imidazole carboxylic acids have been treated with sulphur tetrafluoride to give 2-trifluoromethyl-, 2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-, and 2,4,5-tris(trifluoromethyl)-imidazole. Some reactions of these trifluoromethyl derivatives have been studied. Ranges of N-substituted derivatives have been synthesised using the imidazole silver salts and the appropriate alkyl halide derivative. Hydrolytic stabilities of the CF₃ groups in the patent imidazoles have been studied.The 2-trifluoromethyl derivative is the least stable hydrolytically.     

手性氨基醇催化的前手性芳酮的不对称还原反应

首次以天然D-樟脑的衍生物为原料, 合成了两个新型龙脑基氨基醇配体, 研究了它们与硼烷原位制备成手性噁唑硼烷后, 在不对称催化氢化还原前手性芳酮中的性能, 得到的手性仲醇的对映体过量(ee)值最高可达96%, 还考察了反应温度、时间、溶剂等因素对苯乙酮的不对称氢化还原的化学产率和光学收率的影响.     

氢硼化离子交换树脂-硼化镍(催化)还原芳香肟的反应研究

以氢硼化离子交换树脂为还原剂,甲醇作溶剂,加入催化量的醋酸镍,原位制备硼化镍催化剂的方法,还原芳香酮肟得到的产物为相应的α-取代苄胺,还原芳香醛肟得到的主要产物为双苄基仲胺,还原产物均经1HNMR,MS和元素分析确认.     

The Trifluoromethyl Anion

First evidence for the existence of free trifluoromethyl anion CF₃⁻ has been obtained. The 3D‐caged potassium cation in [K(crypt‐222)]⁺ is inaccessible to CF₃⁻, thus rendering it uncoordinated (“naked”). Ionic [K(crypt‐222)]⁺ CF₃⁻ has been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, solution NMR spectroscopy, DFT calculations, and reactivity toward electrophiles.     

肟的无污染氧化

No2;污染治理;二噁烷;肟的无污染氧化