苯氧乙酸化合物的质谱碎裂

对12种苯氧乙酸化合物的电子轰击质谱进行了系统研究,总结了相应的碎裂规律,讨论了取代基的影响,同时利用串联质谱的低能碰撞诱导解离（CID）、联动扫描（B^2/E)和同位素标记技术研究了硝基苯氧乙酸异构体的主要碎片离子的单分子质变碎裂,并对其形成过程进行了探讨。     

Behaviour of Phenoxyacetic Acids During Underground Passage with Different Redox Zones

Abstract

The behaviour of the three phenoxyacetic acid herbicides 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T and MCPA during underground passage and bankfiltration was tested in a model system consisting of laboratory filter columns filled with natural underground materials. Different redox environments were reproduced by operating the filters with natural aerobic and anaerobic groundwater. In the presence of oxygen, biodegradation of the three herbicides started after a lag phase. Under sulfate reducing conditions, no degradation could be observed. To assess the factors that may influence microbial degradation in the anaerobic environment, the concentration of herbicides, the time and the nutrient content were varied, but this did not increase degradation. The maximum retention of the herbicides in the filters was 30%, mainly due to adsorption to the filter material.     

Acylation of Amino Acids with Furancarboxylic Acid Chlorides

Acylation of aromatic amino acids with furancarboxylic acid chlorides effectively proceeds in water-acetone medium at pH 8-9. Aliphatic amino acids are acylated at higher pH values, but under these conditions hydrolysis of acid chlorides becomes the main process. Acylation of chlorohydrates of methyl esters of aliphatic amino acids proceeds smoothly in chloroform in the presence of triethylamine. Alkaline hydrolysis of obtained products leads to N-acylated amino acids containing furan heteroring in the acyl radical.     

Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Phenoxyacetic Acid Derivatives

Nitrogen-containing phenoxyacetic acid derivatives were synthesized by reactions of substituted phenoxyacetic acids with amines, urea, and ethyl carbamate.__________Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, Vol. 41, No. 4, 2005, pp. 557–561.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Yamansarova, Kukovinets, Zainullin, Galin, Abdullin.     

Acylation of Amino Acids with Dextran Derivatives

The conditions of N-acylation of amino acids with carboxymethyl dextran ethyl ester and with carboxymethyl and carboxyethyl dextran azides were studied.     

薄层扫描法分离和测定苯氧乙酸和2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸

苯氧乙酸及其衍生物对植物有很强的生物活性,是一类药性高、选择性好、使用安全的化学除草剂,因此,被农田广泛应用.其中2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(简称2,4-D)是最为常用的一种.虽然这类化合物的毒性较小,但在土壤、粮食、环境水中的残留,也会对动植物构成不同程度的危害.因此,对苯氧乙酸类除草剂的分离和测定方法的研究,对于保护人类的健康和生态平衡具有重要的意义.目前,国内尚未见到有关这方面的研究报道.我们采用薄层色谱法,同时分离和测定了苯氧乙酸和2,4-D,灵敏度高,操作简便、快速.     

α-乙酰基二硫缩烯酮α碳原子的酰化反应

进行了α-乙酰基二硫缩烯酮与酰氯的酰化反应. 以干燥的二氯甲烷为溶剂, 在四氯化钛催化下, α-乙酰基环二硫缩烯酮(1)可与脂肪及芳酰氯(2)反应, 在化合物1的α-碳原子上发生酰化反应, 以较高的产率生成各种α-乙酰基-α-酰基二硫缩烯酮(3).     

Acylation of Heterocyclic Ketene Aminals with Propionyl Chloride

Heterocyclic ketene aminals 1 or 2 reacted with propionyl chloride to give both the mono-N-and C-acylated products 4 and 5 or 6 and 7. While N-methyl heterocyclic ketene aminals 3 reacted with propionyl chloride under the same condition, the reaction took place in complexity. Besides N-and C-acylation, the O-attack and heterocyclic ring cleavage also occurred to give products 8 and 9.     

Trichloromethanesulfonyl Chloride as a Soft Acid. Disulfide Formation

Generally the reactive loci of sulfonyl chlorides reside at sulfur. Since the formal oxidation state of the sulfur atom in these compounds is +6, most of their reactions are characterized by hard-hard interactions (charge-controlled), as exemplified by the sulfonylation of alcohols and amines.     

Syntheses of Heterocycles by Intramolecular Acylation of Nitrile-Hydrogen Halide Adducts

Five-membered, six-membered, and seven-membered aza-, diaza-, and thiazaheterocycles can be prepared by cyclization of. ω-cyano carboxylic acid halides in the presence of hydrogen halides in aprotic solvents. Nitrile-hydrogen halide adducts occur as intermediates in this novel heterocycle synthesis of wide application. The acylating cyclizations of nitriles in protonic media, which proceed via imidic esters or amides, are not discussed.     

Mixed-Ligand Complex Formation Equilibria of Copper(II) with 6-Methylpicolinic Acid and Some Amino Acids

In this work, the ternary complex formation among copper(II), 6-methylpicolinic acid (H6Mepic) as primary ligand, and the amino acids aspartic acid (H₂Asp), glutamic acid (H₂Glu) and histidine (HHis) as secondary ligands, were studied in aqueous solution at 25 °C using 1.0 mol·dm^?3 KNO₃ as the ionic medium. Analysis of the potentiometric data using the least squares computational program LETAGROP indicates formation of the species [Cu(6Mepic)]⁺, Cu(6Mepic)(OH), [Cu(6Mepic)(OH)₂]^?, Cu(6Mepic)₂ and [Cu(6Mepic)₃]^? in the binary Cu(II)–H6Mepic system. In the ternary Cu(II)–H6Mepic–H₂Asp system the complexes [Cu(6Mepic)(H₂Asp)]⁺, Cu(6Mepic)(HAsp), [Cu(6Mepic)(Asp)]^? and [Cu(6Mepic)(Asp)(OH)]^2? were observed. In the case of the Cu(II)–H6Mepic–H₂Glu system the complexes Cu(6Mepic)(HGlu), [Cu(6Mepic)(Glu)]^?, [Cu(6Mepic)(Glu)(OH)]^2? and [Cu(6Mepic)(glu)(OH)₂]^3? were detected. Finally, in the Cu(II)–H6Mepic–HHis system the complexes [Cu(6Mepic)(HHis)]⁺, Cu(6Mepic)(His) and [Cu(6Mepic)(His)(OH)]^? were observed. The species distribution diagrams as a function of pH are briefly discussed.     

Acylation of Amines with 5-Phenyltetrazol-2-ylacetyl Chloride

The acylation of primary and secondary amines by 5-phenyltetrazol-2-ylacetyl chloride leads to the corresponding tetrazolylacetamides irrespective of the nature of the substituent in the structure of the amine.     

A Selective 3‐Acylation of Tetramic Acids and the First Synthesis of Ravenic Acid

3‐Acyltetramic acids, including delicate 3‐oligoenoyl derivatives, such as the Penicillium metabolite ravenic acid, were prepared in two high‐yielding steps. Reaction of tetramic acids with the ylide Ph₃PCCO afforded exclusively the corresponding 3‐acylylidenetetramic acids. These were amenable to Wittig olefinations with aliphatic, aromatic, saturated and unsaturated aldehydes after deprotonation with KOtBu. Due to its simplicity, selectivity and tolerance of pH‐sensitive groups this method is superior to the established acylation protocols by Jones and Yoshii. It is also applicable to the synthesis of 3‐acyltetronic acids. The new 3‐oligoenoyl tetramic acids exhibited structure‐dependent antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity.     

Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Aryl-Substituted Carboxylic Acids Catalyzed by Zeolite

A convenient heterogeneous catalytic intramolecular Friedel-Craftsacylation of some aryl-substituted carboxylic acids overY-faujasite-type zeolite is described. It is an effective method forthe synthesis of 4,9-diketo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacenaphthenes.     

Intramolecular Catalysis in Reactions of Hydroxamic Acids

Among hydroxamate ions (typical nucleophiles), anomalously high nucleophilicity relative to 4-nitrophenyl diethyl phosphonate is seen in anions which have general basic catalytic sites that provide anchimeric assistance for proton transfer in the transition state.     

Benzazoles. 1. Acylation of Benzothiazolin-2-ones by Aromatic Acid Chlorides Using Small Amounts of Zinc Chloride

We show that the yield of 6-aroylbenzothiazolin-2-ones, products of acylation of benzothiazolin-2-ones by aromatic acid chlorides in the presence of ZnCl₂, depends on the degree of nucleophilicity of benzothiazolin-2-ones.     

Catalytic Acylation of Anisole over Some Zeolites

Introduction　　 Friedel- Crafts acylation is one of the most important methods for synthesizing aromaticketones[1 ].Lewis acids or other catalysts are used in order to allow the reaction of anisole toproceed ata convenientrate.Forexample,the reaction of anisole with aceticanhydride in thepresence of aluminium chloride(Al Cl3/ anisole molar ratio=2 .2 / 1 ) gives4- methoxyace-tophenone in a good yield[2 ].Polyphosphoric acid(PPA/ anisole molarratio=1 3.6 / 1 ) hasalsobeen used for the react…     

2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸合成实验中苯氧乙酸制备的改进

2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸合成实验中制备苯氧乙酸一步,教材上是以氯乙酸和苯酚为原料,在碱性条件下进行Williamson反应。教材所述实验方法,存在氯乙酸的水解和苯酚的氧化等问题,导致产品质量差、收率低。对该实验采取以下改进措施：采用0℃下中和氯乙酸;加入苯酚的同时加入1%亚硫酸钠;苯酚与氢氧化钠作用后,再加入到氯乙酸钠溶液中。改进后的实验,不但提高了苯氧乙酸产品的质量,而且收率可达95.2%。