双噁唑啉扩链尼龙1010

对尼龙 10 10的加成型化学扩链做了系统的研究 ,并对 2 ,2′ 双 (2 唑啉 ) (BOZ)和 1,4 双 (2 唑啉基 )苯 (PBO)的偶联效果和扩链产物的性能做了详细的探讨 ,前者的扩链效果较好 .研究结果表明 ,尼龙10 10熔体的转矩随着反应时间的延长显著增加 .但转矩达到极大值后开始缓慢下降 ,表明扩链产物在高温条件下发生热降解 .扩链剂的用量存在最佳值 ,用量不足时偶联反应不充分 ,用量过量时封端反应加剧 .扩链以后尼龙 10 10的端羧基含量大大降低 ,反应温度对反应速率的影响符合阿累尼乌斯关系式 .扩链产物极限粘度大大高于尼龙原料 ,表明分子量显著提高     

双噁唑啉对聚碳酸1,2-环己二酯的扩链研究

采用马来酸酐封端聚碳酸1,2-环己二酯(PCHC),使其末端羟基转变为端羧基(MA-PCHC),并以2,2'-双-(2-噁唑啉)(BOZ)为扩链剂进行扩链反应.研究发现,BOZ与MA-PCHC中的羧基等摩尔情况下,扩链效果最佳.扩链后的PCHC的数均分子量从扩链前的5.6×104增长到12.4×104.扩链后的PCHC...     

双■唑啉化合物偶联聚酯的研究Ⅰ．双■唑啉化合物的合成及其性能

双唑啉化合物偶联聚酯的研究Ⅰ．双唑啉化合物的合成及其性能＊陈玉君杨始方方土游飞越潘鉴元（中山大学高分子研究所广州５１０２７５）关键词双唑啉，扩链剂，聚酯聚酯，包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ＰＥＴ）和聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯（ＰＢＴ）等的高性能化，要求提高其...     

由脂肪族二酰胺二醇合成聚酯酰胺及表征

利用脂肪族二元酸酯与乙醇胺反应容易获得的对称二酰胺二醇,经缩聚合成聚酯酰胺预聚体,并针对端羧基和端羟基同时扩链来提高分子量,获得可生物降解的聚酯酰胺.首先将N,N′-二(2-羟乙基)草酰胺(HEOA)或N,N′-二(2-羟乙基)己二酰胺(HEHA)与己二酸和丁二醇缩聚,制备同时带有端羧基及端羟基的脂肪族聚酯酰胺预聚体,通过1,4-双(2-噁唑啉)苯及己二酰双己内酰胺混合扩链剂扩链,获得高分子量脂肪族聚酯酰胺,并通过红外、1H-NMR、DSC及TGA对其结构和热性能进行了表征.结果表明,预聚体在制备过程发生了一定的酯-酰胺交换反应;扩链后聚合物的熔点、熔融焓和热稳定性有所下降;但热稳定性仍接近或略高于聚己二酸丁二酯.     

聚乙烯丙烯酸与聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)接枝共聚物的合成及表征

选用聚乙烯 丙烯酸 (EAA)为接枝母体 ,首先摸索出 2 乙基 2 唑啉阳离子开环聚合的规律 ,得到高转化率端基为活性离子的聚 ( 2 乙基 2 唑啉 ) (PEOX) ,再与EAA羟基侧基进行接枝反应 ,考察了开环聚合条件及接枝反应条件对接枝率的影响 ,在一定的条件下得到了接枝率 >2 5%的聚乙烯 丙烯酸与聚 ( 2 乙基 2 唑啉 )的接枝共聚物 (EAA g PEOX) .该接枝物用于聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯 /聚丙烯 (PBT/PP)共混体系中作相容剂 ,可提高两者的相容性 .     

双■唑啉化合物偶联聚酯的研究Ⅱ.聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯的偶联反应

用特性粘度（［η］）和羧值为参数，研究了双唑啉化合物（ＢＯＺ）对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ＰＥＴ）的扩链反应动力学过程，表明ＢＯＺ是与ＰＥＴ中羧基反应，考察了不同工艺生产的ＰＥＴ的扩链效果，结果说明达到的［η］极大值取决于原始ＰＥＴ的［η］与羧值之比     

3-N-乙酰基-2-取代芳基-5-[5′-甲基异噁唑-3′]-Δ_3-1,3,4-噁唑啉类化合物的合成

由相应的酯 (1)肼解制得 5 甲基 异唑 3 甲酰肼 (2 ) ,后者与醛缩合得到酰腙 (3a～ 3h) ,3a～ 3h再进一步与乙酸酐环合 ,以良好的收率合成出了 3 N 乙酰基 2 取代芳基 5 [5′ 甲基 异唑 3′] Δ3 1,3,4 唑啉衍生物 (4a～ 4h)。以上化合物的结构均经过1 HNMR、MS和元素分析的确证。     

含噁二唑单元共轭聚合物合成与性质研究

单体 2 ,5 双 (4 溴苯 ) 1,3,4 二唑 (M Ⅰ )与 1,4 二乙烯基 2 ,5 二正丁氧基苯 (M Ⅱ ) ,在钯催化下通过Heck偶合反应合成得到共轭聚合物 ;单体和聚合物进行了1 H NMR ,1 3C NMR、质谱、FT IR、UV、荧光光谱、GPC、元素分析、热分析等测试 ;二唑 (OXD)基团是一种很好的生色团 ,对氧和热特别稳定 ,二唑环的亲电子性能使其特别适合于作为电子传输层 ,聚合物能发射很强的绿色荧光 ,它将是一类潜在的光电高分子材料     

由对苯二甲酰胺二醇合成聚酯酰胺及其扩链反应的研究

以N,N′-二(2-羟乙基)对苯二甲酰胺与己二酸及丁二醇缩聚,合成了同时带有端羧基与端羟基的聚酯酰胺预聚体,研究了不同扩链剂的扩链反应,获得了特性黏度达1.05 dL/g的聚酯酰胺.对预聚体及扩链后聚合物进行了红外与核磁表征,研究了聚合物的结构,并对聚合物进行了DSC与TG分析.     

基于己内酰胺和乙醇胺的聚酯酰胺合成及表征

以己内酰胺及乙醇胺进行开环聚合,合成了聚酰胺预聚物(PrePA),并采用N,N'-碳酰双己内酰胺(CBC)和1,4-双(2-噁唑啉)苯(PBOX)对其进行了扩链反应.进一步将PrePA与己二酸缩聚,制备了聚酯酰胺预聚体(PrePEA),以CBC和PBOX复合扩链剂扩链,获得了特性黏数达0.74 dL/g的聚酯酰胺.并采用红外、核磁及WAXS对聚合物的结构和晶型进行了表征,以DSC和TGA测定了聚合物的热性能,同时对聚合物的力学性能进行了测定.     

MDI与TDI封端聚酯预聚物和扩链剂间反应速率的研究

用ＦＴＩＲ法系统地研究了不同硬段结构对聚酯型聚氨酯扩链反应动力学的影响，结果显示：不同类二异氰酸酯ＭＤＩ和ＴＤＩ形成的ＮＣＯ封端的聚酯预聚体与二元胺（ＭＯＣＡ）和三元醇（ＴＭＰ）的扩链反应均为二级反应，由ＭＤＩ形成ＮＣＯ封端的聚酯预聚体与胺或醇的扩链反应速度比ＴＤＩ类的要快，ＭＯＣＡ扩链比ＴＭＰ扩链反应活化能低，从基团反应活性不同体系扩链反速度的差别进行了讨论。     

类蛋白质分子形成紧密接触对的速率研究

采用Kolinski等建立的类蛋白质分子的格点模型,通过计算类蛋白质分子的末端距分布函数P(r)来研究类蛋白质分子形成紧密接触对的速率k .发现不同的氨基酸序列,其分布函数P(r)不同.对于序列(H) x和(P) x,分布函数P(r)有二个峰值;而对于序列(HP) x,分布函数P(r)只有一个峰值.对于类蛋白质分子形成紧密接触对的速率k ,当链长N <11,随着N的增加而增加;当N >11,形成紧密接触对的速率k随着N的增加而减少,这个趋势与实验结果一致,并存在关系k～N-α(N >11) ,系数α与氨基酸序列有关.这些研究能够帮助我们加深对蛋白质结构形成的了解.     

双(2,3-环氧环戊基)醚与双酚A环氧树脂混合体系固化机理的研究

用红外光谱法、电导法和化学分析对双(2,3-环氧环戊基)醚(W-95)与4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷(MDA)的反应速度进行了测定,并和双酚A环氧树脂(E-54)与MDA的反应进行了比较。两个反应体系的表现反应活化能的测定结果接近相等。若W-95的环氧基与MDA的Ⅰ级胺和Ⅱ级胺的反应速度为k_1′和k_′,而E-54的为k_1和k_2,则它们的相对反应速度为:k_1:k_2:k_1′:k_2′=200:22:20:1。本文对W-95和E-54混合体系的固化机理也作了探讨。     

Excluded volume effects on the intrachain reaction kinetics

On the basis of the recently developed optimized Rouse-Zimm theory of chain polymers with excluded volume interactions, we calculate the long-time first-order rate constant k(1) for end-to-end cyclization of linear chain polymers. We first find that the optimized Rouse-Zimm theory provides the longest chain relaxation times tau(1) of excluded volume chains that are in excellent agreement with the available Brownian dynamics simulation results. In the free-draining limit, the cyclization rate is diffusion-controlled and k(1) is inversely proportional to tau(1), and the k(1) values calculated using the Wilemski-Fixman rate theory are in good agreement with Brownian dynamics simulation results. However, when hydrodynamic interactions are included, noticeable deviations are found. The main sources of errors are fluctuating hydrodynamic interaction and correlation hole effects as well as the non-Markovian reaction dynamic effect. The physical natures of these factors are discussed, and estimates for the magnitudes of required corrections are given. When the corrections are included, the present theory allows the prediction of accurate k(1) values for the cyclization of finite-length chains in good solvents as well as the correct scaling exponent in the long-chain limit.     

乙炔氢氯化均相催化反应动力学和机理的研究——氯化汞、氯化铋复合催化剂体系

本文研究了在HgCl₂-BiCl₃复合催化剂作用下,乙炔氢氯化制氯乙烯均相催化反应的动力学,获得该反应速率方程为:r=(k+k'[BiCl₃]/[H⁺])[HgCl₂]·[H⁺]^3[CH≡CH].在25℃时k=0.00239,k'=0.0269,根据实验结果,提出了由两个复杂的连串反应组成的平行反应机理,相应的表观活化能为13.4Kcal/mol及14.8Kcal/mol.     

Chain‐Growth Click Polymerization of AB2 Monomers for the Formation of Hyperbranched Polymers with Low Polydispersities in a One‐Pot Process

Hyperbranched polymers are important soft nanomaterials but robust synthetic methods with which the polymer structures can be easily controlled have rarely been reported. For the first time, we present a one‐pot one‐batch synthesis of polytriazole‐based hyperbranched polymers with both low polydispersity and a high degree of branching (DB) using a copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) polymerization. The use of a trifunctional AB₂ monomer that contains one alkyne and two azide groups ensures that all Cu catalysts are bound to polytriazole polymers at low monomer conversion. Subsequent CuAAC polymerization displayed the features of a “living” chain‐growth mechanism with a linear increase in molecular weight with conversion and clean chain extension for repeated monomer additions. Furthermore, the triazole group in a linear (L) monomer unit complexed Cu^I, which catalyzed a faster reaction of the second azide group to quickly convert the L unit into a dendritic unit, producing hyperbranched polymers with DB=0.83.     

Choice of solvent (MeCN vs H(2)O) decides rate-limiting step in S(N)Ar aminolysis of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with secondary amines: importance of Brønsted-type analysis in acetonitrile

A kinetic study is reported for nucleophilic substitution reactions of 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB) with a series of secondary amines in MeCN and H2O at 25.0 degrees C. The reaction in MeCN results in an upward curvature in the plot of k(obsd) vs [amine], indicating that the reaction proceeds through a rate-limiting proton transfer (RLPT) mechanism. On the contrary, the corresponding plot for the reaction in H2O is linear, implying that general base catalysis is absent. The ratios of the microscopic rate constants for the reactions in MeCN are consistent with the proposed mechanism, e.g., the facts that k2/k(-1) < 1 and k3/k2 > 10(2) suggest that formation of a Meisenheimer complex occurs before the rate-limiting step and the deprotonation by a second amine molecule becomes dominant when [amine] > 0.01 M, respectively. The Br?nsted-type plots for k1k2/k(-1) and k1k3/k(-1) are linear with betanuc values of 0.82 and 0.84, respectively, which supports the proposed mechanism. The Br?nsted-type plot for the reactions in H2O is also linear with betanuc = 0.52 which has been interpreted to indicate that the reaction proceeds through rate-limiting formation of a Meisenheimer complex. DNFB is more reactive toward secondary amines in MeCN than in H2O. The enhanced basicity of amines as well as the increased stability of the intermediate whose charges are delocalized through resonance are responsible for the enhanced reactivity in the aprotic solvent.     

茶多酚在水和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的溶解行为及动力学模型

用电导方法研究了茶多酚在水和二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂中的溶解行为,并导出了溶解动力学模型:dC/dt=k2C2+k1C+k0。结果显示,茶多酚溶液的浓度、溶解温度以及溶剂都会影响其溶解行为。温度升高,有利于茶多酚的溶解;增大茶多酚在溶液中的浓度,反应速率加快,而且茶多酚在H2O中比在DMF中更容易溶解,这跟溶剂本身的酸碱性有关。通过建立溶解动力学模型发现,所有的溶解过程基本上都是零级反应,其次是一级反应,而基本上不发生二级反应。     

The tightness contribution to the Brønsted alpha for hydride transfer between NAD+ analogues

It has been shown that the rate of symmetrical hydride transfer reaction varies with the hydride affinity of the (identical) donor and acceptor. In that case, Marcus theory of atom and group transfer predicts that the Br?nsted alpha depends on the location of the substituent, whether it is in the donor or the acceptor, and the tightness of the critical configuration, as well as the resemblance of the critical configuration to reactants or products. This prediction has now been confirmed for hydride transfer reactions between heterocyclic, nitrogen-containing cations, which can be regarded as analogues of the enzyme cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). A series of reactions with substituents in the donor gives Br?nsted alpha of 0.67 +/- 0.03 and a tightness parameter, tau, of 0.64 +/- 0.06. With substituents in the acceptor alpha = 0.32 +/- 0.03 and tau = 0.68 +/- 0.08. The reactions are all spontaneous, with equilibrium constants between 0.4 and 3 x 10(4), and the two sets span about the same range of equilibrium constants. The two tau values are essentially identical with an average value of 0.66 +/- 0.05. These results can be semiquantitatively mimicked by rate constants calculated for a linear, triatomic model of the reaction. Variational transition state theory and a physically motivated but empirically calibrated potential function were used. The computed rate constants generate an alpha value of 0.56 if the hydride affinity of the acceptor is varied and an alpha of 0.44 if the hydride affinity of the donor is varied. The calculated kinetic isotope effects are similar to the measured values. A previous error in the Born charging term of the potential function has been corrected. Marcus theory can be successfully fitted to both the experimental and computed rate constants, and appears to be the most compact way to express and compare them. The success of the linear triatomic model in qualitatively reproducing these results encourages the continued use of this easily conceptualized model to think about group, ion, and atom transfer reactions.