Development of a fully Lagrangian MPS-based coupled method for simulation of fluid–structure interaction problems

A fully Lagrangian particle-based method is developed for simulating the FSI (Fluid–Structure Interaction) problems corresponding to incompressible fluid flows and elastic structures. First, the developed elastic structure model is verified by static and dynamic tests corresponding to a simple cantilever beam. The simulation results are compared with analytical and other researchers׳ numerical solutions. Then, the structure model is carefully coupled with a fluid model comprising of the so-called PNU-MPS (Pusan-National-University-modified Moving Particle Simulation) method and several recently developed enhanced schemes. The coupled fluid–structure method is applied to a dam break with an elastic gate and a violent sloshing flow with a hanging rubber baffle. The results of simulations are compared with those of the experiments by Antoci et al. (2007) and Idelsohn et al. (2008).     

Damping computation of liquid sloshing with small amplitude in rigid container using FEM

An FEM (Finite Element Method) based damping estimation method of liquid sloshing with small amplitude in rigid container is proposed. Damping of the sloshing is affected by many factors and some of them are very complicated. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an estimation range, instead of computing the exact value of damping. This method will consider the dissipation at wall, in the interior, and at the contaminated free surface. Owing to the complexity of viscous damping at the free surface, damping of two extreme conditions are computed to estimate the range of actual damping. An iterative algorithm is designed to solve a special general eigenvalue problem. Comparing the computation results with experimental results, it is found that most of the experimental results are within the range of the numerical estimation. Therefore, the method is effective in estimating the range of the damping of liquid sloshing with small amplitude in rigid container. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10172048) The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

Linear and nonlinear sloshing in a circular conical tank

Linear and nonlinear fluid sloshing problems in a circular conical tank are studied in a curvilinear coordinate system. The linear sloshing modes are approximated by a series of the solid spheric harmonics. These modes are used to derive a new nonlinear modal theory based on the Moiseyev asymptotics. The theory makes it possible to both classify steady-state waves occurring due to horizontal resonant excitation and visualise nonlinear wave patterns. Secondary (internal) resonances and shallow fluid sloshing (predicted for the semi-apex angles >60) are extensively discussed.     

易贡滑坡堰塞湖溃坝洪水分析

滑坡堰塞坝体主要由块石、碎石土等松散材料组成,随着上游水位的不断上升,极易失稳,一旦决口将对给下游人民的生命财产安全造成极大的威胁。因此,研究堰塞坝溃坝问题具有重要的学术意义和应用价值。2000 年 4 月 9 日,西藏林芝地区波密县易贡藏布河扎木弄沟发生大规模山体滑坡堵塞易贡藏布江,形成坝高60m,长约2500m,库容可达288×108m3,体积约28×108～30×108m3的滑坡堰塞湖, 2000年6月10日堰塞坝溃决。本文以易贡堰塞湖溃坝为例,从连续性方程及Navier Stokes方程出发,结合标准型湍流模型,并采用VOF方法进行自由面处理,基于流体计算软件Fluent模拟分析了溃坝洪水在下游弯曲河道的演进过程及不同位置的流速变化。数值模拟结果与实测资料记录基本一致,表明该模型能够模拟溃坝洪水在地形复杂弯曲河道中的演进过程。     

Determination of the soil pressure distribution around a cone penetrometer

The objective of this paper was to investigate the pressure distribution around a cone penetrometer using a pressure sensing mat under laboratory conditions. The investigation was conducted under (1) constrained conditions using cylindrical split pipe molds and (2) unconstrained conditions using a soil box. These tests were conducted in Capay clay and Yolo loam soil containing two different moisture conditions and two compaction levels.In the constrained tests, a maximum radial pressure of 111 kPa was observed in the Capay clay soil with 3.4–4.3% d.b. moisture content and three blows of compaction (cone index value of 2040 kPa) when using the 41 mm diameter split pipe mold. These pressure levels decreased to 82 and 22 kPa, respectively, when 65 and 88 mm diameter molds were used. In both the Capay clay and Yolo loam tests, the average radial pressure and average cone index values showed similar trends.In the unconstrained tests, a maximum pressure of 9.0 kPa was observed in the Capay clay with 4.5% d.b. moisture content and three blows of compaction (cone index value of 550 kPa) at a horizontal distance of 25.4 mm from the vertical axis of the cone penetrometer and minimum pressure levels in the range of 0.2–0.3 kPa when the horizontal distance of the penetrometer was in the range of 56.8–66 mm. The pressure levels are much smaller than the ones obtained in the constrained tests and may suggest that the pressure distribution under field conditions is small at a distance of 25.4 mm or higher from the tip of the cone.The experimental data were statistically analyzed to identify significant factors. The results of the analysis for the constrained test indicated that the mold diameter and number of blows significantly increased the pressure readings within the soil mass. Increasing the mold diameter led to a decrease in the average radial pressure and increasing the number of blows contributed to an increase in the average radial pressure. In the unconstrained test, the average radial pressure distribution at a given point were significantly influenced by the horizontal distance of the point from the vertical axis passing through the center of the penetrometer shaft, soil type, and soil moisture content. Higher pressure values were obtained in the Capay clay tests compared to the Yolo loam tests. In all cases, the pressure levels were greater for the drier soil than for the moist soil.     

Free and forced oscillations of a frictionless liquid in a long rectangular tank with structural obstructions at the free liquid surface

Summary If a free liquid surface is partly covered with a solid wall, the natural frequencies and the response of the liquid in the container may be drastically changed. The fundamental natural frequency of a frictionless and incompressible liquid in an infinitely long rectangular container is determined for increasing structural coverage of the free surface. With increasing coverage of the surface by a rigid structural member, the natural frequencies increase drastically and reduce the sloshing motion. The response to translational excitation is evaluated also numerically. The procedure may be applied to arbitrary coverages of a three-dimensional rectangular container, and may also be used as a test case for purely numerical procedures such as the finite element method. Received 13 July 1999; accepted for publication 26 October 1999     

高压环境条件下注浆模型试验系统设计

注浆工程常常在高地层压力、高水压力的地质环境条件下进行(如煤矿堵水或注浆加固工程)。为了研究高压环境条件下注浆浆液的渗流扩散特征,作者研制了可形成5MPa以上高压环境的注浆试验系统。该试验系统由四个功能模块组成,并可分为四个设备子系统。该试验系统的核心设备高压注浆模型试验装置中应用压力传导管解决了高压罐体内部监测设计所遇到的尺寸效应、传感器防腐、高压密封等难题。     

Experimental Investigation of Nozzle Exit Reflector Effect on Supersonic Jet

The present study describes an experimental work to investigate the effect of a nozzle exit reflector on a supersonic jet that is discharged from a convergent–divergent nozzle with a design Mach number of 2.0. An annular reflector is installed at the nozzle exit and its diameter is varied. A high-quality spark schlieren optical system is used to visualize detailed jet structures with and without the reflector. Impact pressure measurement using a pitot probe is also carried out to quantify the reflector’s effect on the supersonic jet which is in the range from an over-expanded to a moderately under-expanded state. The results obtained show that for over-expanded jets, the reflector substantially increases the jet spreading rate and reduces the supersonic length of the jet, compared with moderately under-expanded jets. The reflector’s effect appears more significant in imperfectly expanded jets that have strong shock cell structures, but is negligible in correctly expanded jet.     

铝制旋转抛物面型激光推力器温度效应的实验研究

研究了激光推进中铝制旋转抛物面型推力器的温度变化情况。采用脉冲TEA-CO2激光器作为推进光源,用响应较快的K型热电偶丝作为温度传感器,分别在大气呼吸和烧蚀两种工作模式下,研究了抛物面上不同点的温度分布情况,以及脉冲个数和环境气压对抛物面温度的影响。文中对冲量耦合系数和气压的关系也作了研究,并将其与温度联系起来。结果发现在旋转抛物面的顶点处温度为最高,随离顶点距离的增大而减小。在大气呼吸和烧蚀两种模式下,抛物面温度随着激光脉冲个数增加,但增加的斜率逐渐减小,有饱和的趋势。在激光脉冲个数确定的条件下,大气呼吸模式的温度随气压的减小先增大后减小,出现一个峰值;烧蚀模式则随气压的减小而增大。在大气呼吸模式下,冲量耦合系数随着气压的减小先略为增大而后迅速减小,在约0．5atm处出现了一个弱峰;在烧蚀模式下,冲量耦合系数随气压减小迅速升高,在气压低于0．5atm后,几乎为定值。     

基于压力-冲量曲线的水下爆炸压力-时间公式

根据材料受冲击载荷时的压力-冲量函数,推导得到了适用于水下爆炸冲击载荷的压力时程公式。通过水下爆炸实验方法测量不同药量、不同距离的压力时程曲线,使用MATLAB软件对实验数据进行拟合,由此计算冲击波冲量和能量参数,并与通用的Cole与Орленко理论计算结果进行对比,验证拟合曲线的准确性。相较于Cole和Орленко理论,新方法得到的压力衰减曲线更接近实验值。计算水下爆炸冲击波的比冲量和比冲击波能时,新模型具有较高的计算精度,其中：比冲量与实验值的误差不超过4%,与Орленко理论相比,精度提高了5%~10%;比冲击波能与实验值的误差不超过1%,计算精度与通用理论相当。