CO为还原剂同时还原SO2和NO的SnO2-TiO2固溶体催化剂Ⅲ.催化剂的活性位和反应机理

 采用显微红外光谱、漫反射红外光谱、瞬变应答反应以及催化剂活性测试等实验手段,对SnO2-TiO2催化剂上SO2+CO,NO+CO和SO2+NO+CO (SRSN)反应的机理及活性位进行了综合研究. 结果表明, SO2+CO和NO+CO反应按典型的Redox机理进行,催化剂的表面晶格氧[O]和氧阴离子空穴[□]([O]-[□])是Redox反应的活性位. 对于SO2+CO反应,其[O]-[□]位于SnO2-TiO2催化剂中邻近Sn离子和邻近Ti离子的位置,邻近Ti离子的[O]-[□]的活性比邻近Sn离子的[O]-[□]的活性高. NO+CO反应主要在邻近Sn离子的[O]-[□]中心上进行. 对于SRSN反应,其中的SO2+CO反应的机理及催化剂的活性位与单纯的SO2+CO反应相同,而其中的NO＋CO反应按两种机理进行: 一种和单纯的NO＋CO反应相同,即按一般的Redox机理进行,其活性位为邻近Sn离子的[O]-[□]中心; 另一种按SO2促Redox反应机理进行,其活性位为表面活性硫物种[SO]*.     

MnZSM-5催化剂上NH3-SCR反应机理的研究

通过密度泛函理论（DFT）对Mn/ZSM-5催化剂上NH3-SCR反应机理进行了理论研究。一种为气态NO直接参与反应的E-R机理,NO分子与[NH2]反应生成中间体[NH2NO],该反应路径的能垒为43.35 kcal/mol;另一种为吸附态NO参与反应的L-H机理,[NO]与[NH3]反应生成[NH2NO],该反应路径的能垒为44.73 kcal/mol。因两种机理的反应能垒相差不大,因此在一定温度下遵循两种机理的反应皆能进行。     

低温低压液相催化合成甲醇和甲酸甲酯用超细铜铬氧化物催化剂Ⅰ.制备条件对催化剂性能的影响

合成气制甲醇有三类催化剂.第一类是含贵金属的催化剂[1],由于其成本高,流失严重,回收困难等,致使工业上使用受到限制.第二类是Ni系催化剂[2～4],由于在使用时极易生成剧毒的Ni(CO)4化合物,既危害操作人员健康又污染环境,故工业上已逐渐弃用.第三类是Cu系催化剂[5～11],由于其低温活性高,成本低,毒性小,近年来已受到广泛重视[5～13].     

Pd／硫酸化氧化铝一种新型甲烷选择还原NO催化剂

 中译文： 最近，以甲烷为还原剂选择性还原NO引起人们的极大关注[ ，2]. 已有的结果表明：钯基催化剂对该反应有较高的活性[3-6]. 然而，在该反应中，钯基催化剂的活性对载体的性质有很强的依赖性[3，4]. 迄今为止，只有酸性的沸石[3，4]和酸性的氧化锆[4-6]被证明是钯基选择性还原NO催化剂的有效载体. 相反，Pd/g-Al2O3作为目前最被广泛应用的一种三效催化剂[7]，对于甲烷选择性还原NO反应只有很低的活性[3]. 在本工作中，我们首次研究了一系列担载Pd的硫酸化氧化铝（SA）催化剂上甲烷选择性还原NO反应并考察了Pd含量对催化剂活性的影响。 硫酸化氧化铝（SA）按照Hamada等人[8]的方法, 将g-Al2O3（分析纯，上海试剂公司，中国）用2.5 mol/L硫酸溶液按照15 ml/g 比例浸渍, 得到产物缓慢搅拌半小时, 然后不洗涤直接过滤并在110 ℃下干燥过夜. 通过用氯化钯的水溶液等体积浸渍的方法实现Pd的担载. 所有样品先在110 ℃下干燥8小时，然后在600℃下空气氛中焙烧6小时. 反应在固定床反应器中进行，混合气 (组成为：0.2 % NO, 0.2 % CH4, 2.0 % O2, He为底气) 以60毫升/分钟的流速流过1毫升催化剂（GHSV=3600 h-1）. 气体产物用气相色谱在线分析. NO转化率以N2的产率计算，甲烷的转化率由其消耗量来计算. 图1给出了四种不同催化剂上NO和CH4转化率与反应温度的关系. 由图1可见，g-Al2O3对甲烷选择性还原NO只有微弱活性. 硫酸化后，NO和CH4的转化率都明显下降. 这种活性下降可以归因为硫酸化后在g-Al2O3表面上生成了活性更低的硫酸铝的缘故[8]. 当我们将0.1 wt.% Pd担载到g-Al2O3 和 SA上时，两种载体的催化活性发生了明显的变化. 与Misono等人[3]一样，我们发现担载 0.1 wt.% Pd后，g-Al2O3上甲烷转化率增加，但NO的转化率仍然很低. 这一结果表明，在g-Al2O3上担载Pd后，只促进了燃烧反应. 另一方面，担载Pd后，SA上的NO和CH4转化率都明显提高. 在Pd/SA上，NO转化率于500℃达到最大值75 %. 显而易见，SA是一种用于甲烷选择性还原NO反应的Pd催化剂的新型载体，载体的硫酸化对提高甲烷还原NO的选择性是必要的. SA可以通过硫酸溶液浸渍商业化的g-Al2O3获得，这就使其比酸性的沸石或酸性的氧化锆更便宜和更容易获得. 因此我们认为SA有希望成为一种用于甲烷选择性还原NO的Pd催化剂的商业化载体. Pd含量对Pd/SA催化剂催化活性的影响如图2所示. 可以看出Pd/SA催化剂的活性随Pd含量的增加而增加，当Pd的含量为0.1 wt.%左右时达到最大值，然后下降. 这一结果表明对于Pd/SA催化剂，Pd的最佳含量大约为0.1 wt.%.     

含稀土超强酸催化剂S2O8^2-/ZrO2-SiO2-Sm2O3的结构表征

目前有很多关于硫酸促进性固体超强酸催化剂的研究报道[1],其中硫酸浸渍氧化锆这类催化剂易制备,对于骨架异构、酯化和其他反应具有很高的活性.近年来,关于这类催化剂的制备、表征和应用的报道很多[2,3].     

活性炭负载金属氧化物催化NO直接分解

采用浸渍法制备了活性炭负载过渡金属氧化物催化剂,并用于催化NO直接分解为N_2的研究。采用XRD和TEM对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了不同金属氧化物活性组分、负载量、烟气浓度和空速对催化剂催化分解NO活性的影响。XRD测试结果显示镍基催化剂主要以NiO形态存在,且NiO/AC催化剂具有较好的NO催化分解活性,当反应温度为450℃时NO转化率可达100%。     

沉淀还原法制备高性能CO2加氢合成甲醇Cu/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂

由铜基催化剂催化CO2+H2合成甲醇是有效利用CO2的潜在途径[1～5]. 但传统的催化剂对该反应的催化活性及选择性均很低[3～5], 因而寻求具有高活性及高选择性的新型催化剂已成为重要研究课题[4,6]. Cu/ZnO系列催化剂的制备方法和助剂对催化剂的性质及CO2加氢合成甲醇的反应性能有显著影响[6～10], 传统的气相还原活化铜基催化剂的过程常伴随强烈的热效应, 导致催化剂活化过程存在耗时长及还原条件难以控制等问题[11]. 本文采用沉淀-还原法, 用KBH4溶液对新鲜制备的碳酸盐共沉淀进行液相化学还原处理, 直接得到高活性及高选择性的还原态Cu/ZnO/Al2O3甲醇合成催化剂, 并可通过改变催化剂表面Cu+/Cu0活性物种的相对比例来改善催化剂的活性及选择性.     

硫化CoMo/Al2O3催化剂上H2同时催化还原SO2和NO(Ⅰ)——催化剂的制备、表征及性能

用浸渍法制备了CoMo/Al2O3催化剂,并对其进行了XRD、低温氮吸附-脱附和TPR表征.结果表明,随着Co负载量的增加,催化剂表面活性物种增加,但同时催化剂的比表面积和孔容逐渐减小;硫化后的催化剂比未经硫化处理的催化剂表面具有更多更易还原的活性物种.将所制得的催化剂硫化后用于NO分解和H2还原NO反应,NO均完全转化,但催化剂最终会因为晶格硫的大量流失而活性下降.在H2还原NO反应体系中,H2的存在使得催化剂晶格硫的流失速率极大变缓,催化剂活性下降较慢;在H2同时还原SO2和NO体系中,由于晶格硫能够得到外界源源不断的补充,因此,SO2和NO能同时在催化剂表面实现稳定的还原,反应温度、空速、进料气中H2的配比、催化剂中Co负载量以及硫化预处理方式对催化剂的活性有显著影响.活性测试结果表明,在500℃,空速12000 h-1,n(H2)/n(SO2 NO)=2时,5%Co10%Mo/Al2O3上SO2和NO转化率均为100%,单质硫产率达96.6%.     

介质阻挡放电等离子体与吸附在CuZSM-5上的NO或NO/O2的相互作用

采用吸附和程序升温脱附(TPD)技术研究了介质阻挡放电等离子体对CuZSM-5催化剂上吸附的氮氧化物作用. 实验表明, 介质阻挡放电等离子体使催化剂表面吸附的NO及Cu活性位上吸附的NOx物种脱附, 并引发表面化学反应生成新的氮氧化物. 对于NO/N2体系, 介质阻挡放电等离子体与吸附在CuZSM-5上NO作用, 主要生成N2O和O2. 在富氧体系NO/O2/N2, 则生成较大量的N2O、NO2和NO. 等离子体预处理活性下降的CuZSM-5, 可明显提高其催化分解NO活性. 对比有或无介质阻挡放电等离子体预处理NO或NO/O2饱和吸附的CuZSM-5上的NO-TPD结果表明, 等离子体提高催化剂活性的原因与其使催化剂Cu活性位上吸附的NOx物种脱附有关.     

介质阻挡放电等离子体与吸附在CuZSM-5上的NO或NO/O2的相互作用

采用吸附和程序升温脱附(TPD)技术研究了介质阻挡放电等离子体对CuZSM-5催化剂上吸附的氮氧化物作用.实验表明,介质阻挡放电等离子体使催化剂表面吸附的NO及Cu活性位上吸附的NOx物种脱附,并引发表面化学反应生成新的氮氧化物.对于NO/N2体系,介质阻挡放电等离子体与吸附在CuZSM-5上NO作用,主要生成N2O和O2.在富氧体系NO/O2/N2,则生成较大量的N2O、NO2和NO.等离子体预处理活性下降的CuZSM-5,可明显提高其催化分解NO活性.对比有或无介质阻挡放电等离子体预处理NO或NO/O2饱和吸附的CuZSM-5上的NO-TPD结果表明,等离子体提高催化剂活性的原因与其使催化剂Cu活性位上吸附的NOx物种脱附有关.     

Darstellung,Kristallstrukturen, Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von vier bindungsisomeren Trichlorotrirhodanoosmaten(IV)

Preparation, Crystal Structures, Vibrational Spectra, and Normal Coordinate Analysis of four Linkage Isomeric Trichlorotrirhodanoosmates(IV) By treatment of fac-[OsCl₃I₃]^2? with (SCN)₂ in dichloromethane the linkage isomers fac-[OsCl₃(NCS)₃]^2? ( 1 ), mer-[OsCl₃(NCS)₂^c(SCN)]^2? ( 2 ), mer-[OsCl₃(NCS)(SCN)₂^t]^2? ( 3 ), and mer-[OsCl₃(NCS)(SCN)₂^c]^2? ( 4 ) are formed which have been separated by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. X-Ray structure determinations have been performed on single crystals of fac-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₃(NCS)₃] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 12.142(5), b = 13.233(5), c = 19.300(5) Å, α = 98.642(5)º, β = 100.509(5)º, γ = 112.514(5)º, Z = 2), mer-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₃(NCS)₂^c (SCN)] · acetone (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 11.707(5), b = 13.238(5), c = 19.048(5) Å, α = 75.960(5)º, β = 88.981(5)º, γ = 69.999(5)º, Z = 2), mer-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₃(NCS)(SCN)₂ ^t] (triclinic, space group P1, a = 10.6861(12), b = 11.6587(5), c = 12.5232(5) Å, α = 112.069(8)º, β = 95.052(8)º, γ = 92.559(7)º, Z = 1) and mer-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₃(NCS)(SCN)₂ ^c] · 2acetone (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 11.444(5), b = 14.661(5), c = 15.830(5) Å, α = 75.790(5)º, β = 80.273(5)º, γ = 75.205(5)º, Z = 2). The complex anions are completely ordered. The via N or S coordinated thiocyanate groups are located nearly direct above one of the cis-positioned Cl ligands with Os? N? C angles of 169.1º, 171.5º, 175.7º ( 1 ), 175.6º, 178.6º ( 2 ), 172º ( 3 ), and 173.1º ( 4 ) and Os? S? C angles of 106.2º ( 2 ), 106.1º, 106.6º ( 3 ), 105.1º, and 108.2º ( 4 ). Using the molecular parameters of the X-Ray determinations the low temperature (10 K) IR and Raman spectra of the (n-Bu₄N) salts of all four linkage isomers have been assigned by normal coordinate analyses based on a modified valence force field. The valence force constants are f_d(OsN) = 1.71 ( 1 ), 1.46 and 1.62 ( 2 ), 1.69 ( 3 ), and 1.61 ( 4 ), f_d(OsS) = 1.27 ( 2 ), 1.36 ( 3 ), 1.32, and 1.49 mdyn/Å ( 4 ). Taking into account increments of the trans influence a good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies is achieved.     

Darstellung,Kristallstrukturen, Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von vier bindungsisomeren Tetrachlorodirhodanoosmaten(IV)

Preparation, Crystal Structures, Vibrational Spectra, and Normal Coordinate Analysis of Four Linkage Isomeric Tetrachlorodirhodanoosmates(IV) By treatment of cis- or trans-[OsCl₄I₂]^2? with (SCN)₂ in dichloromethane the linkage isomers cis-[OsCl₄(NCS)₂]^2? ( 1 ), trans-[OsCl₄(NCS)(SCN)]^2? ( 2 ), cis-[OsCl₄(NCS)(SCN)]^2? ( 3 ) and trans-[OsCl₄(SCN)₂]^2? ( 4 ) are formed which have been separated by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The X-Ray structure determinations on single crystals of cis-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₄(NCS)₂] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 10.019(5), b = 11.702(5), c = 21.922(5) Å, α = 83.602(5)°, β = 85.718(5)°, γ = 73.300(5)°, Z = 2), trans-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₄ · (NCS)(SCN)] (monoclinic, space group P2₁/c, a = 18.025(5), b = 11.445(5), c = 23.437(5) Å, β = 94.208(5)°, Z = 4), cis-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₄(NCS)(SCN)] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 10.579(5), b = 11.682(5), c = 22.557(5) Å, α = 81.073(5)°, β = 85.807(5)°, γ = 87.677(5)°, Z = 2) and trans-(Ph₄As)₂ · [OsCl₄(SCN)₂] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 10.615(5), b = 11.691(5), c = 11.907(5) Å, α = 111.314(5)°, β = 96.718(5)°, γ = 91.446(5)°, Z = 1) reveal the complete ordering of the complex anions. The via N or S coordinated thiocyanate groups are located nearly direct above one of the cis-positioned Cl ligands with Os? N? C angles of 171.2° and 174.3° ( 1 ), 162.3° ( 2 ), 172° ( 3 ) and Os? S? C angles of 108.3° ( 2 ), 105.7° ( 3 ) and 105.5° ( 4 ). Using the molecular parameters of the X-Ray determinations the low temperature (10 K) IR and Raman spectra of the (n-Bu₄N) salts of all four linkage isomers are assigned by normal coordinate analyses based on a modified valence force field. The valence force constants are f_d(OsN) = 1.59 ( 1 ), 1.67 ( 2 ), 1.60 ( 3 ) and f_d(OsS) = 1.27 ( 2 ), 1.31 ( 3 ) and 1.32 mdyn Å^?1 ( 4 ). Taking into account increments of the trans influence a good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies is achieved.     

Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von (n-Bu4N)3[Ir(NCS)(SCN)5]

Preparation and Crystal Structure of (n-Bu₄N)₃[Ir(NCS)(SCN)₅] The evaporated ethanolic extrakt of the reaction product of K₃[IrCl₆] and HNO₃, refluxed with an aqueous KSCN solution yields a mixture of the linkage isomers [Ir(NCS)_n(SCN)_6?-n]^3?, n = 0? 2, and small amounts of linkage isomeric chloropentarhodanoiridates(III), from which [Ir(NCS)(SCN)₅]^3? has been isolated by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The X-Ray structure determination on a single crystal of (n-Bu₄N)₃[Ir(NCS)(SCN)₅] (monoclinic, space group P 2₁/a, a = 17.513(5), b = 32.607(5), c = 23.661(5) Å, β = 94.757(5)°, Z = 8) confirms the existance of a heteroleptic hexakis(thiocyanato(N)-thiocyanato(S))iridate(III) with an Ir? N distance of 2.03 Å and Ir? S bond lengths between 2.29 and 2.38 Å. The SCN groups with angles between 166 and 175° are nearly linear with Ir? S? C angles from 99.9 to 109.4°. The Ir? N? C angles of the two crystallographic independent anions are 166 and 174°.     

Comparative Thermogravimetric Studies of Poly(ether-ketone/sulfone) Imides and Their Parent Polymers: I. Poly(ether-ketone/sulfone) ethylimide

Thermogravimetry (TG) was employed to study the thermal degradation kinetics of poly(etherketone/sulfone)ethylimide (PEK-IE and PES-IE). The corresponding decomposition activation energies and reaction orders were obtained and the comparison was made with their parent polymerspoly(ether-ketone/sulfone) with Cardo group (PEK-C and PES-C). The results show that the degradation activation energies of PEK-IE and PES-IE were lower than that of PEK-C and PES-C; and two stages of the degradation process were found for all the four polymers. For PEK-IE and PES-IE, the activation energies in the first decomposition stage are much lower than that in the second stage and the two stages can be taken as slow induction and fast degradation, whereas for PEK-C and PES-C the activation energies in the first decomposition stage are larger than that in the second stage, and the two stages can both be taken as two fast degradation stages. The decomposition mechanism of the two stages was also speculated.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL COMPLEXES WITH AMPICILLIN

Abstract

The reaction, in water, of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions with sodium ampicillinate at room temperature has allowed isolation of dimers with the following general formula [M(amp)Cl]₂ × nH₂O (n = 1.5?3.2). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic methods (IR, Raman, EPR and UV-Visible). A dinuclear structure based on octahedrally coordinated metal ions is proposed.     

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性;均苯四甲酸二酐;联苯四羧酸二酐;二羟基联苯胺;聚酰亚胺;聚苯并噁唑;耐热性     

Thermal Degradation of Poly(ε-caprolactone), Poly(L-lactic acid) and their Blends with Poly(3-hydroxy-butyrate) Studied by TGA/FT-IR Spectroscopy

Summary: The thermal degradation behavior of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) have been studied in different environment. It was found that these polymers undergo completely different degradation processes in nitrogen and oxygen atmosphere. In oxygen environment PCL and PLA mainly decompose to CO₂, CO, water and short-chain acids. In nitrogen atmosphere PCL releases 5-hexenioc acid, CO₂, CO and ε-caprolactone, whereas PLA decomposes to acetaldehyde, CO₂, CO and lactide. The polymer blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with PCL and PLA decompose similar to the individual homopolymers with crotonic acid as the initial decomposition product of PHB.     

Energy relationship and the polarization of C_(60) cage in the endohedral complexes (X@C_(60))

In this paper, we carry out the calculation on the system (X@C60)(X=Li, Na, K, Kb, Cs; F, Cl, Br, I), where the position of X changes along 5 typical symmetry directions. For the calculation of quantum chemistry we use EHMO/ASED method, for the calculation of molecular mechanics we use Buckingham potential (exp-6-1) function, and for the calculation of thermo-chemical cycle we use individually isolating the processes such as the structure variation, charge transfer and charge distribution, and their interactions etc. The calculation results show that (1) In the region of radius r≈0.2 nm of the Ceo cage, the potential field is nearly spherical; (2) Except for Li and Na, the systems are the most stable with minimum energies at the center of C60 cage. For Li and Na, the systems are the most stable with minimum energies at r≈0.16 nm and r≈0.13 nm, respectively. In view of the interactive region of chemical bonds, the interactions between X and the C60 cage do not belong to the classical chemical bonds; (     

铜在3%NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的光电化学研究

Cu以其优异的导电性、导热性和易加工性广泛用于工农业生产中．自然Cu的腐蚀和防腐成为人们很关注的问题．人们已经注意到，Cl-对Cu的腐蚀有影响，并进行过一些研究．但目前使用光电化学方法研究这一问题的文章尚不多见，特别是利用测量开路光电压及其瞬态波形这一现场的、无损的、灵敏的监测方法研究户对Cu电极腐蚀全过程的文章尚未见到．本文正是利用如上方法及XPS，AES方法，研究了Cl-对Cu电极腐蚀的全过程，取得了一些有意义的结果．1实验方法Cu电极用99．99％（质量分数）的Cu制成，面积约为39mm2；电极底部由Cu导线焊接引出，…     

Spectrophotometric study of Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Zn(II) complexes with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin

The reaction of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) with Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Zn(II) was studied spectrophotometrically and kinetics, equilibrium constants as well as photodecomposition of complexes were determined. It was verified that these metal ions with large radius accelerate the incorporation reaction of zinc into TCPP. On the basis of the mechanism and kinetics of this reaction, a sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of Zn(II) has been developed. The molar absorptivity of examined Zn-TCPP complex and Sandell's sensitivity at 423 nm were 3.5×10⁵ M⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and 18.3 ng cm⁻². The detection limit for the recommended procedure was 1.4×10⁻⁹ M (0.9 ng ml⁻¹) and precision in range 20-100 ng ml⁻¹ not exceeds 2.7% RSD. The proposed method applied for zinc determination in natural waters and nutritional supplement was compared with AAS results and declared value.