丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层的紫外老化行为

针对丙烯酸聚氨酯防腐涂层进行紫外加速老化实验,采用光泽度、色差检测以及SEM、FTIR分析,结合交流阻抗谱法(EIS),研究丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层的紫外老化行为.结果表明:用光泽度表征涂层光降解程度更灵敏;由接触角及色差等变化规律可将丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层紫外老化分为前期(慢速光老化)、中期(快速光老化)和后期(慢速光老化)三阶段.对涂层进行表面化学分析认为丙烯酸聚氨酯的紫外光降解主要是O—CH键及C—N键断裂导致的;涂层表面形貌和性能与EIS结果对比分析显示丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层发生明显降解之前防护性能已经明显下降.     

光辐射对丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层防腐保护性能的影响

以氙灯为光源,对丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层/碳钢体系进行人工加速老化实验,用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、光学显微镜和光泽仪对老化的涂层进行分析表征,用盐雾实验测试涂层老化后的防腐性能,初步探讨了光辐射对涂层保护性能的影响.结果表明,不同老化周期的体系在盐雾实验后,表面涂层的保护状态均基本完好,但膜下金属腐蚀程度随老化时间的增加而加剧.其原因是:光辐射使涂层中C—N键断裂,且随老化时间的延长,涂层表面粗糙程度增加,光泽度下降;涂层化学结构及表面状态的变化加速了腐蚀介质在涂层中的渗透,从而导致膜下金属腐蚀加重.     

纳米TiO2对丙烯酸酯聚氨酯涂层/碳钢界面的初期失效行为的影响

采用激光电子散斑干涉技术、电化学阻抗技术和扫描电化学显微镜技术实时、动态和原位观测了涂覆丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层的碳钢在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中浸泡初期的界面腐蚀行为,并对比了纳米TiO2的添加对界面腐蚀行为的影响.在浸泡初期无宏观缺陷存在时,激光电子散斑干涉技术成功检测到涂层界面的微小变化,电化学阻抗技术显示不同涂层低频阻抗膜值的变化情况,均与扫描电化学显微镜技术获得的腐蚀电化学形貌结果一致,即在浸泡初期,未添加纳米TiO2的涂层其界面变化速度(即锈蚀萌生速度)较添加涂层明显得多,表明纳米TiO2可延缓涂层/碳钢的界面失效.     

水分散聚氨酯阴离子体涂层行为的研究

本文研究了水分散聚氨酯阴离子体涂层剂的聚集状态与性能的关系,特别是对影响织物涂层的主要因素作了探讨。本文在下列几个方面作了研究:(1) PU(聚氨酯,Polyurethane)阴离子体与HPAM(水解聚丙烯酰胺,Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide)共混二相结构对玻璃化温度T_g及透湿量的影响;(2) PU大分子(AB)_n型结构对力学性能及涂层性能的影响;(3) 交链剂的交链行为;(4) 离子化度对贮存稳定性的影响。此外,在研究PU阴离子体涂层性能的控制因素方面提出了新的见解,即调节PU阴离子体中硬段含量可获得透湿性强且弹性好的涂层织物。     

丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层耐老化性能指标的数学模型

通过丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层室内氙灯加速老化实验,结合光泽度、色差检测和微观形貌分析,探究了丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层耐老化性能指标随加速老化实验时间的变化规律,初步建立了涂层耐老化性能指标随加速实验时间的数学模型.研究结果表明:涂层光泽度、失光率随加速实验时间近似呈类指数函数模型变化;涂层色差随加速实验时间近似呈类幂函数模型变化.通过拟合各性能指标的数学模型得出了涂层耐老化性能指标与加速实验时间之间的数学关系式,相关系数均在0.99以上,具有较好的相关性.     

聚氨酯薄膜紫外/臭氧环境的老化行为

采用旋涂法制备了纯聚氨酯薄膜(PU)和紫外吸收剂UV-531改性聚氨酯薄膜(M-PU).使用本课题组自行研制的老化装置进行单一紫外辐照、单一臭氧气氛以及紫外/臭氧综合老化实验.利用色差、黄色指数、紫外可见光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱表征薄膜在不同环境中的老化行为.测试结果表明:紫外和臭氧对PU和M-PU薄膜都表现出显著的协同老化效应;添加质量分数为0.25%的UV-531,能提高聚氨酯薄膜在紫外环境、紫外/臭氧综合环境以及臭氧环境中短期暴露时的耐黄变性能.在单一紫外辐照、单一臭氧气氛以及紫外/臭氧综合老化期间,两种薄膜中氨酯结构均随着暴露时间的增加而逐渐减少.     

老化对慢回弹聚氨酯泡沫塑料吸声性能影响的研究

对作为吸声材料使用的慢回弹聚氨酯泡沫材料的耐老化性能进行了研究,得出其125℃条件下人工热老化1 h后的吸声性能相当于自然条件下经历1.98d这一比例关系,由此可以根据人工老化数据推算出其自然老化寿命.     

干热大气环境中涂层材料失效行为研究进展

 西部干热大气环境中,涂层材料的腐蚀磨损失效行为直接关系到各种机械、车辆等的使用寿命.西部沙漠干热大气环境的典型特点是昼夜温差大、紫外线辐射强度高、沙尘量大风速大等,这种恶劣的环境对涂层材料的耐蚀性提出更高的要求.本文根据西部地区典型气候特征,结合相关研究报道,主要介绍了近几年国内外学者对高温差、高辐照、高沙尘等恶劣自然环境对涂层材料的破坏作用的研究进展,并总结出3种环境条件下涂层材料的失效机制.高温差条件下,涂层材料的主要失效机制为涂层和基体膨胀系数改变、涂层组织结构改变,以及发生热腐蚀等;高辐照条件下涂层材料的主要失效机制为涂层材料分子吸收能量发生降解;高沙尘条件下涂层材料的主要失效机制为风沙切削挤压变形等.本文综述了干热大气环境下涂层材料的失效行为研究进展,以期为涂层材料在干热大气环境中的服役行为进一步研究提供数据支持.     

磁场处理对辣椒种子老化的影响

用100mT的磁场对辣椒种子进行处理，再进行人工加速老化，观察老化过程中各项发芽指标及部分生理生化指标的变化。结果表明：在老化后期磁场处理的种子发芽指标高于对照，相对电导率略有升高，脱氢酶活性与对照无差异，而过氧化氢酶活性明显提高。说明磁场处理的种子比较耐老化，与过氧化氢酶活性的提高有关。     

Effect of ZnO nanoparticles on anti-aging properties of polyurethane coating

Polyurethane nano-coatings were prepared by adding nano-concentrates with nanometer zinc oxide （nano-ZnO） to polyurethane coating. The dispersion state of nanoparticles was observed by TEM images. SEM observation and FT-IR analysis indicate that the nano-coating with 1% ZnO nanoparticles can retain better morphological structure than the nano-coating with 5% ZnO nanoparticles after 500 h accelerated aging. It is known from XPS analysis that the anti-oxidation properties of polyurethane coating are enhanced by 1% ZnO nanoparticles through the nano-network and destroyed by 5% ZnO nanoparticles due to the strong light catalysis. A small change in capacitances of nano-coatings with 1% ZnO nanoparticles before and after accelerated aging indicates that 1% ZnO nanoparticles improve the corrosion resistance of coating, while a large increase in capacitances of nano-coating with 5% ZnO nanoparticles before and after accelerated aging demonstrates that 5% ZnO nanoparticles damage the corrosion resistance of coating.     

霉菌对超高强钢腐蚀行为的影响

采用扫描 Kelvin 探针测试技术,研究了300M 钢、Aermet100钢与超高强不锈钢在黄曲霉、黑曲霉、球毛壳霉、绳状青霉和杂色曲霉组成的混合霉菌菌种作用下的腐蚀行为.通过扫描电镜结合能谱分析对霉菌在三种超高强钢上的生长进行了观察和分析.300M 钢试样上霉菌呈现分散式堆积生长,数量逐渐增加;Aermet100钢试样上霉菌呈现分散式单个生长方式,数量逐渐增加;超高强不锈钢上霉菌呈现放射式网状生长方式,数量急剧增加,在钢表面形成一层生物膜.霉菌实验后,三种超高强钢表面都发生一定的腐蚀.300M 钢腐蚀最严重,蚀坑宽而浅;Aermet100钢次之,蚀坑窄而深;超高强不锈钢的耐蚀性最好.扫描 Kelvin 探针测试结果表明,霉菌一定程度上能促进300M 钢和 Aermet100钢的腐蚀,而对超高强度不锈钢的腐蚀行为有一定抑制作用.     

人工加速老化对聚脲涂料防护性能的影响

针对聚脲涂料防腐涂层进行紫外加速老化实验,采用光泽度计、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析并结合电化学阻抗谱(EIS)图谱,研究涂层的老化行为.结果表明:涂层的老化分为前期、中期和后期三阶段,涂层表面在老化中期变色较大.涂层的表面、断面SEM及EIS测试显示涂层中的微气泡阻止了涂层的老化裂纹向基体发展,涂层仍保持较好的防护性能.     

Effect of thermal aging on the fatigue crack growth behavior of cast duplex stainless steels

The effect of thermal aging on the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of Z3CN20-09M cast duplex stainless steel with low ferrite content was investigated in this study. The crack surfaces and crack growth paths were analyzed to clarify the FCG mechanisms. The microstructure and micromechanical properties before and after thermal aging were also studied. Spinodal decomposition in the aged ferrite phase led to an increase in the hardness and a decrease in the plastic deformation capacity, whereas the hardness and plastic deformation capacity of the austenite phase were almost unchanged after thermal aging. The aged material exhibited a better FCG resistance than the unaged material in the near-threshold regime because of the increased roughness-induced crack closure associated with the tortuous crack path and rougher fracture surface; however, the tendency was reversed in the Paris regime because of the cleavage fracture in the aged ferrite phases.     

冶金因素对钢点蚀扩展的影响

选择六种冶金因素各有特点的低碳钢和一种低合金钢,通过模拟闭塞腐蚀电池实验,结合冶金特点和腐蚀形貌分析,研究冶金因素对孔蚀扩展的影响. 结果表明,钢中固溶氧量、夹杂物、钙处理、磷含量及其偏析和合金元素镍铬等对点蚀扩展有重要影响. 钢中固溶氧量高、钙处理、高磷量和高镍铬量有利于抑制蚀坑扩展.     

非金属夹杂物对弹簧钢局部腐蚀的影响

Certain inclusions in high-strength 60Si2Mn–Cr spring steel result in poor resistance to localized corrosion. In this work, to study the effect of inclusions on the localized corrosion behavior of spring steel, accelerated corrosion tests were performed by immersing spring steel in 3wt% FeCl₃ solution for different times. The results show that severe corrosion occurred in areas of clustered CaS inclusions. Sulfide inclusions containing Ca and Mg induced the strongest localized corrosion susceptibility. For the case of (Ca,Mn,Mg)S inclusions, the ability to induce localized corrosion susceptibility is ranked as follows: MgS > CaS > MnS. Moreover, CaS, (Ca,Mn)S, and (Ca,Mn,Mg)S inclusions were mainly responsible for inducing environmental embrittlement.     

Microstructure evolution of T91 heat-resistant steels after long-time aging

To investigate the evolution of microstructure damage degree and the precipitated phases of heat-resistant metal in power plant under high temperature and stress environment, the high-temperature aging tests were conducted to investigate the aging behavior of T91 steel at different temperatures and stress. The optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the structure and precipitated phases, the results showed that the orientation characteristics of tempered martensite was dispersed, and the grain size is obviously increased. The density of dislocation decreased with increasing temperature and stress. The important strengthening phase of M23C6 (M=Fe, Cr) was coarsened by the diffusion of main alloying elements Cr, while the smaller size MX (M=Nb,V; X=C, N) phase distributed in the grain is relatively stable in the aging.