关于螺栓或销钉连接构件的弯曲应力分析

由于螺栓或销钉连接构件是一个静不定问题,相关材料力学教材把螺栓或销钉连接构件作为静定问题来处理,有时会导致螺栓或销钉连接构件的弯曲应力及螺栓或销钉剪力计算存在很大的计算误差.因此,按静不定问题来研究螺栓或销钉连接构件弯曲变形,推导出了螺栓或销钉连接构件的弯曲应力及螺栓或销钉剪力计算公式,对工程技术人员理解和掌握螺栓或销钉连接构件的弯曲应力及螺栓或销钉剪力计算有理论指导意义.     

缺口裂纹起裂和扩展检测的直流电位法

本文从解析法、有限元分析和试验三方面探讨了直流电位法用于缺口问题的有效性。当缺口宽度与试样宽度之比较小时(如小于0.05),根据电位的改变量,解析法才能给出缺口裂纹扩展满意的推算.分析和试验说明,利用电位的改变反推缺口裂纹的扩展时,必须引入由于变形引起的缺口宽度变化对电位影响的修正.     

动载下韧性撕裂在三种管线钢材中传播阻力的研究

阐述了用实验确定在常温及静载和动载条件下韧性撕裂在三种管线钢材中传播时的断裂比能值。实验中采用了销钉加载双面开槽的双悬脊梁(DCB)试件。应用能量平衡法对实验结果进行了分析。考察了加载速率和试件厚度对撕裂韧性的影响。结果表明,管线钢材对韧性撕裂传播的阻力在动载条件下增大,对较薄的试件及应变率敏感性较高的材料其增大更为明显。对于纯剪切断裂的传播来说,撕裂韧性一般随试件厚度的增大而增加。     

缺口试样的裂纹电位标定及测量

电位法中的电势u满足Laplace方程: ▽~2u=0给出相应的边界条件,即得到电势场分布的唯一解。边界条件无量纲化以后,这个电势场仅与试样的几何形状以及电流的输入方式相关,与试样的材料成分、电阻率、温度、环境、尺寸大小、平面问题的厚度以及电流量的强弱等无关。若忽略交流法中的集肤效应,交流法和直流法...     

金属材料低温疲劳裂纹起始寿命的微机辅助电位法测试

本文研制了一套适用于低温环境的疲劳裂纹微机辅助电位法测试系统。该系统中采用了翻转电位法、温度补偿和控温信号锁存等技术.对16Mn 钢及 LY12cz 铝合金缺口试件低温疲劳裂纹起始寿命的实际测试结果表明,该系统可比较有效地抑制测试仪器零点飘移、温度波动等造成的干扰,提高了测试精度。实验结果表明,降低温度可使16Mn 钢及 LY12cz 铝合金的疲劳裂纹起始寿命提高。本文还对实验结果及测试系统的进一步改进做了简要讨论。     

含微裂纹的95%Al2O3陶瓷的力学性能

本文采用三种不同加载方式(单轴拉伸,三点弯曲以及圆盘压缩)研究含微裂纹Al_2O_3的陶瓷的弹性性能及其抗拉强度.微裂纹是通过对材料瞬时突变加热和冷却(简称热冲击)形成的.试验结果表明:1)三点弯曲试验得到的力学性能参数较其它两种加载方式所得到的结果要稳定和集中.单轴拉伸试验结果分散性最大.2)热冲击温度越高,材料的等效弹性模量?和等效泊松比?以及各种加载方式下试件的抗拉强度??都有不同程度的下降.电镜观察证实了力学性能参数下降主要与材料内部微裂纹密度增加有关.3)Budiansky-O'Connell方法被用来估计不同热冲击处理后的圆盘试件在断裂过程中的微裂纹密度变化,结果表明实际材料的微裂纹密度较理想材料的微裂纹密度都有一定的偏差.     

疲劳短裂纹扩展速率的电测技术

木文研究了间接直流电位法(IDC法)和交流电位法(AC法)用于监测疲劳短裂纹扩展速率的有关技术问题。文中提出了一种用电磁场边界元法对电位法进行标定的理论标定方法。研究了有关的试验标定方法。并对IDC法和AC法的适用范围、灵敏度和稳定性等做了详细的比较分析。     

基于分层数据搜索的数据驱动算法研究

数据驱动计算力学是一种直接利用材料应力应变数据驱动力学仿真计算的新技术.该方法通过反复遍历数据库,为数据驱动模型中的每一个积分点搜索并匹配最佳应力应变数据,使得在高维度和高密度的大规模数据库时计算效率不高.在此背景下,论文提出一种分层数据搜索方案,替换原有的遍历式数据搜索方式,以提升数据驱动的计算效率.该方案的核心思想...     

TC4钛合金在模拟海水中腐蚀?磨损交互行为研究

采用自制摩擦腐蚀装置研究了TC4钛合金在模拟海水中电化学腐蚀与机械磨损间的交互作用,探究了不同电化学状态对TC4钛合金腐蚀磨损行为的影响. 在摩擦腐蚀过程中,TC4钛合金的腐蚀电位发生负偏移,腐蚀电流随着外加电位升高而增大,在零电流电势(OCP)附近TC4钛合金获得最低摩擦系数. TC4钛合金总体积损失随着外加电位的增加而增大,证实了腐蚀磨损交的交互作用随着外加电位的增加而增强;当电位从–0.5 V增大至0.8 V时,腐蚀磨损交互作用导致的材料损失占总材料损失的比例由12%增加至66%,其中腐蚀诱导磨损导致的损失量占比由7%增加至44%. OCP及其以下外加电位条件下,TC4钛合金的磨损机制为磨粒磨损;0 V电位下TC4钛合金磨损机制为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损;0.8 V电位下TC4钛合金的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和摩擦诱导的腐蚀磨损.      

调压大功率恒流源介绍

用于直线感应电子加速器,为励磁线圈提供恒定大电流,用以产生所需要的轴向磁场,以约束电子束的扩散,保持电子束沿轴向传输、箍缩、聚焦。采用调压式、线性串联调整方案,调整管采用中等功率多只并联,冷却系统仅用散热器和风冷。当电网、电流和负载在较大范围变化时,通过调压模块自动调控恒流源直流供电电压而使调整管工作在较低电压(5～10V)。工作方式有手动和程控2种。手动方式可预置电流、实测电流,预置恒流源的工作电压,测量调整管的管压降和负载电压,指示三相电网的相电压或线电压;程控方式采用工控机,对多台恒流源点"名"排队发指令,可…     

数字图像相关中亚像素位移测量算法的研究

为提高位移测量精度而提出的各种亚像素位移测量算法被认为是数字图像相关方法 中的关键技术之一,详细了解已有各算法的性能无疑具有实际意义. 总结文献中3种 最常用的亚像素位移测量算法,首先用无噪声的计算机仿真散斑图对各算法的性能从计算精 度和计算效率两个方面进行了比较研究,并用实际实验图片对其性能做进一步的研究,结果 显示在图像子区大小相同的情况下,基于空域相关函数迭代的牛顿-拉普森方法计算结果最 为精确、稳定.     

A comparison of spatial grids for numerical modelling of flows in near-coastal seas

Three-dimensional algorithms for the numerical computation of flows caused by tides or meteorological forcing are developed for four of Arakawa's spatial grid types using a spectral method in the vertical dimension. Three of the grids, in which the velocity components are computed at the same grid points, offer potential advantages over the commonly used C-grid. The computed results from the four grids are compared for three test problems based on the linearized hydrodynamical equations. It is concluded that the B-grid provides a viable alternative to the C-grid, with significant advantages when a spectral method is used.     

Identifying the temperature effect on the vibrations of functionally graded cylindrical shells with porosities

The free thermal vibration of functionally graded material (FGM) cylindrical shells containing porosities is investigated. Both even distribution and uneven distribution are taken into account. In addition, three thermal load types, i.e., uniform temperature rise (UTR), nonlinear temperature rise (NLTR), and linear temperature rise (LTR), are researched to explore their effects on the vibration characteristics of porous FGM cylindrical shells. A modified power-law formulation is used to describe the material properties of FGM shells in the thickness direction. Love’s shell theory is used to formulate the strain-displacement equations, and the Rayleigh-Ritz method is utilized to calculate the natural frequencies of the system. The results show that the natural frequencies are affected by the porosity volume fraction, constituent volume fraction, and thermal load. Moreover, the natural frequencies obtained from the LTR have insignificant differences compared with those from the NLTR. Due to the calculation complexity of the NLTR, we propose that it is reasonable to replace it by its linear counterpart for the analysis of thin porous FGM cylindrical shells. The present results are verified in comparison with the published ones in the literature.     

重力场匹配导航的重力图生成技术

通过对当前用于海洋重力场格网插值的四种常用算法(距离倒数加权法、Kriging法、径向基函数法和改进的二次曲面Shepard方法)进行分析,以相对规则、不同密度的两组数据作为基准数据进行了插值比较。实验结果表明,基于改进的Shepard插值算法相对于其它三种算法具有速度快、精度高的优点,比较符合当前海洋重力数据获取的现状,是进行高精度重力图生成的有效方法。     

Approximate analytical solution in slow-fast system based on modified multi-scale method

A simple, yet accurate modified multi-scale method (MMSM) for an approximately analytical solution in nonlinear oscillators with two time scales under forced harmonic excitation is proposed. This method depends on the classical multi-scale method (MSM) and the method of variation of parameters. Assuming that the forced excitation is a constant, one could easily obtain the approximate analytical solution of the simplified system based on the traditional MSM. Then, this solution for the oscillator under forced harmonic excitation could be established after replacing the harmonic excitation by the constant excitation. To certify the correctness and precision of the proposed analytical method, the van der Pol system with two scales subject to slowly periodic excitation is investigated; this system presents rich dynamical phenomena such as spiking (SP), spiking-quiescence (SP-QS), and quiescence (QS) responses. The approximate analytical expressions of the three types of responses are given by the MMSM, and it can be found that the precision of the new analytical method is higher than that of the classical MSM and better than that of the harmonic balance method (HBM). The results obtained by the present method are considerably better than those obtained by traditional methods, quantitatively and qualitatively, particularly when the excitation frequency is far less than the natural frequency of the system.     

Particle shape consideration in numerical simulation of assemblies of irregularly shaped particles

The mechanical behavior of granular materials depends much on the shape of the constituent particles. Therefore appropriate modeling of particle, or grain, shape is quite important. This study employed the method of direct modeling of grain shape (Matsushima & Saomto, 2002), in which, the real shape of a grain is modeled by combining arbitrary number of overlapping circular elements which are connected to each other in a rigid way. Then, accordingly, a discrete-element program is used to simulate the assembly of grains. In order to measure the effects of grain shape on mechanical properties of assembly of grains, three types of grains—high angular grains, medium angular grains and round grains are considered where several biaxial tests are conducted on assemblies with different grain types. The results show that the angularity of grains greatly affects the behavior of granular soil.     

基于混合方法的二维水力压裂数值模拟

水力压裂在页岩气开采中被广泛使用,采用数值方法研究压裂机理具有重要意义.基于连续-非连续单元法(CDEM) 和中心型有限体积法(FVM),提出解决水力压裂流固耦合问题的二维混合数值计算模型.该混合模型中,使用CDEM 求解应力场和裂缝扩展过程,使用FVM 求解裂隙渗流场.应力场裂缝扩展和渗流场均使用显式迭代求解, 并通过相互之间数据交换实现流固耦合.通过与KGD 理论模型进行对比, 验证数值模型的正确性.通过与颗粒离散元数值结果进行对比,验证数值模型的有效性.通过计算复杂缝网压裂模型,研究水力压裂机理,并说明该数值模型在水力压裂模拟中具有很好的前景.      

一种估算谱载疲劳裂纹起始寿命的方法

提出了一种估算谱载疲劳裂纹起始寿命的等效载荷法，该法在变幅载荷的均方根算式中引入加权因子和修正系数来分别反映不同载荷变程和平均应力对变幅疲劳寿命的影响，并用相应获得的等幅载荷取代变幅载荷来估算谱载下的疲劳裂纹起始寿命．该法仅依赖于材料的等幅S-N曲线和单轴力学性能，不含任何待定参数，使用方便；两种材料3种谱载下15组变幅疲劳试验数据的评估结果显示，该法的平均寿命预测精度分别较同类型的Miner法则、修正Miner法则、均方根法提高了99．1％，24．6％和50．0％。     

Data-driven optimization study of the multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method for solid-liquid phase change

Sharp phase interfaces and accurate temperature distributions are important criteria in the simulation of solid-liquid phase changes. The multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method(MRT-LBM) shows great numerical performance during simulation;however, the value method of the relaxation parameters needs to be specified. Therefore,in this study, a random forest(RF) model is used to discriminate the importance of different relaxation parameters to the convergence, and a support vector machine(SV...     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of moving bilayer plates resting on elastic foundations

The aim of this study is to investigate the dynamic response of axially moving two-layer laminated plates on the Winkler and Pasternak foundations. The upper and lower layers are formed from a bidirectional functionally graded(FG) layer and a graphene platelet(GPL) reinforced porous layer, respectively. Henceforth, the combined layers will be referred to as a two-dimensional(2D) FG/GPL plate. Two types of porosity and three graphene dispersion patterns, each of which is distributed through the p...