Pd（OAc）2／[mmim]I催化体系催化胺氧化羰化合成氨基甲酸酯、脲和2-噁唑啉酮

采用Pd(OAc)2/[mmim]I催化体系,在不同反应条件下可以将烷基胺、芳香胺及氨基醇(酚)一步转化为氨基甲酸酯、脲和2-噁唑啉酮.N-苯基氨基甲酸甲酯、二苯基脲及苯并-2-噁唑酮的催化转化频率分别为12417,17638和4114h-1.     

A Pd(OAc)2/[mmim]I Catalyst System for Oxidative Carbonylation of Amines to Carbamates, Ureas, and 2-Oxazolidinones

A Pd(OAc)₂/[mmim]I ([mmim]I=1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide) catalyst system was applied to the oxidative carbonylation of aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, and amino alcohols to carbamates, ureas, and 2-oxazolidinones under different conditions. The catalytic turnover frequencies (TOF, moles of amines converted per mole of catalyst per hour) were 12417, 17368, and 4114 h⁻¹ for the production of methyl N-phenyl carbamate, N,N′-diphenyl urea, and 2-benzoxazolinone, respectively.     

氮杂环卡宾-钯配合物催化Buchwald-Hartwig偶联反应最新研究进展*

钯催化的Buchwald-Hartwig偶联反应是用于构建C-N键非常直接有效的方法。氮杂环卡宾-钯配合物具有性能稳定、催化活性高等优点,是Buchwald-Hartwig偶联反应的高效催化剂。对这一领域近3年的研究进展作简要介绍。     

胺氧化羰基化合成脲的研究进展

CO是一种廉价、丰富且有用的C1分子,将其作为羰基源参与胺氧化羰基化反应是有机化学中一类重要的反应.近年来,采用胺氧化羰基化合成脲类化合物的技术路线备受关注.我们综述了催化剂参与的胺氧化羰基化合成脲类化合物的研究现状,还对胺氧化羰基化反应的发展趋势进行了展望.     

反应过程相转移催化选择氧化还原羰基化合成N－亚戊基－N′－芳脲

N-pentamethylene-N′-aryl ureas are important fine chemical intermediates in industries of dye, pigment, pharmaceutical and pesticide. At present, their industrial synthesis uses phosgene which is of high toxicity[1,2].     

2-硒代咪唑类化合物催化CO与胺的羰基化反应

首次研究了2-硒代咪唑类化合物催化的一氧化碳对胺的羰基化生成对称脲或噁唑啉-2-酮的反应,目标产物收率中等到良好.与传统的单质硒催化的羰基化反应相比,新催化体系有效避免了有恶臭气味的含硒化合物的产生.     

一种高效可循环的有机介孔树脂负载的N-杂卡宾络合钯催化剂催化的Sonogashira反应

新型有机介孔材料FDU-15负载卡宾配体络合醋酸钯催化剂FDU-NHC/Pd(Ⅱ)的制备方法简单,通过三步反应即可制得,采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附和透射电镜等手段对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了它在Sonogashira偶联反应中的催化性能.结果表明,功能化不影响FDU-15的有序介孔结构,仅其孔径、孔体积和BET比表...     

Aerobic Oxidative N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis

The ease with which simple starting materials can be transformed into highly functionalized products has made oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis an area of significant interest. However, the use of stoichiometric amounts of high molecular weight oxidants in most reactions generates an undesired equivalent amount of waste. To address this issue, the use of oxygen as the terminal oxidant in NHC catalysis has been developed. Oxygen is attractive due to its low cost, low molecular weight, and ability to generate water as the sole by-product. However, molecular oxygen is challenging to use as a reagent in organic synthesis due to its unreactive ground state, which often requires reactions to be run at high temperatures and results in the formation of kinetic side-products. This review covers the development of aerobic oxidative carbene catalysis, including NHC-catalyzed reactions with oxygen, strategies for oxygen activation, and selectivity issues under aerobic conditions.     

催化选择氧化还原羰基化合成脲*

本文概述了胺硝基物选择氧化还原羰基化生成脲的新工艺路线。对催化剂体系、羰基化反应机理和反应的选择性作了比较全面的评述,着重介绍了金属钯和非金属硒催化的选择氧化还原羰基化反应合成对称脲、非对称脲和环脲,讨论了该方法的应用前景。     

Selenium-Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of Aniline and Alcohols to N-Phenylcarbamates

A facile one-pot, phosgene-free synthesis of N-phenylcarbamates is demonstrated. Catalyzed by selenium, oxidative carbonylation of aniline with alcohols in the presence of carbon monoxide and oxygen affords the corresponding N-phenylcarbamates, mostly in fair to good yields. Selenium can be easily recovered because of its phase-transfer catalysis function.     

Selective C-alkylation Between Alcohols Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Molybdenum

The first implementation of a molybdenum complex with an easily accessible bis-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand to catalyze β-alkylation of secondary alcohols via borrowing-hydrogen (BH) strategy using alcohols as alkylating agents is reported. Remarkably high activity, excellent selectivity, and broad substrate scope compatibility with advantages of catalyst usage low to 0.5 mol%, a catalytic amount of NaOH as the base, and H₂O as the by-product are demonstrated in this green and step-economical protocol. Mechanistic studies indicate a plausible outer-sphere mechanism in which the alcohol dehydrogenation is the rate-determining step.     

硒催化3,4-二氯苯胺和甲醇氧化羰基化合成灭草灵

报道了一种绿色、简易的合成灭草灵的方法,首次以廉价易得且能循环使用的非金属硒作催化剂,以CO替代剧毒光气作羰基化试剂,通过3,4-二氯苯胺和甲醇经"一锅法"的硒催化氧化羰基化反应来直接合成灭草灵。考察了压力、3,4-二氯苯胺和甲醇用量比、催化剂硒粉用量、溶剂种类、时间、温度及助催化剂种类对反应的影响规律,获得了实施该反应的较优条件。即,在100 mL高压反应釜中:压力3 MPa(n(CO)∶n(O2)=9∶1),3,4-二氯苯胺5 mmol,CH3OH 75 mmol,Se 0.25 mmol,乙酸乙酯10 mL,时间5 h,温度130℃,三乙胺10 mmol。在此条件下,目标产物灭草灵的收率为67%。该方法具有步骤简短、方法绿色和操作方便等优点。     

Amine‐Responsive Disassembly of AuI–CuI Double Salts for Oxidative Carbonylation

A sensitive amine‐responsive disassembly of self‐assembled Au^I‐Cu^I double salts was observed and its utilization for the synergistic catalysis was enlightened. Investigation of the disassembly of [Au(NHC)₂][CuI₂] revealed the contribution of Cu‐assisted ligand exchange of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) by amine in [Au(NHC)₂]⁺ and the capacity of [CuI₂]^? on the oxidative step. By integrating the implicative information coded in the responsive behavior and inherent catalytic functions of d¹⁰ metal complexes, a catalyst for the oxidative carbonylation of amines was developed. The advantages of this method were clearly reflected on mild reaction conditions and the significantly expanded scope (51 examples); both primary and steric secondary amines can be employed as substrates. The cooperative reactivity from Au and Cu centers, as an indispensable prerequisite for the excellent catalytic performance, was validated in the synthesis of (un)symmetric ureas and carbamates.     

钴配合物催化一氯丙酮羰基化合成乙酰乙酸甲酯 Carbonylation of Chloroacetone to Methyl Acetoacetate Catalyzed by Cobalt Complex

 在温和条件下,将原位合成的Na［Co(CO)4］配合物首次用于催化一氯丙酮羰基化合成乙酰乙酸甲酯,考察了不同的碱性试剂、一氧化碳压力及反应温度对产物选择性和收率的影响,优化了反应条件,并探讨了可能的反应机理.     

N-杂环卡宾催化选择性有机反应的新进展

近年来,有关N-杂环卡宾(NHC)的合成、催化性能及其应用得到了快速发展,特别是在催化选择性有机反应领域,NHC类催化剂显示出催化效率高、选择性好及性能优异等特点,而引起人们极大的关注。 本文从区域选择性、顺反异构选择性及手性选择性等方面综述了NHC催化选择性有机反应的最新进展,并予以了展望。     

N-杂环卡宾的反应及应用

自从1991年Arduengo第一次分离得到稳定的游离N-杂环卡宾以后,N-杂环卡宾金属络合物的研究在近几年来得到了迅速的发展。N-杂环卡宾的反应性能较高,它们与周期表中几乎所有的元素都能发生反应。N-杂环卡宾金属络合物对许多反应有催化作用,它们是一类有潜在应用价值的催化剂。本文对近年来相关的研究成果进行了综述。     

N-杂环卡宾Ru配合物的合成及其在Suzuki偶联反应中的催化应用

合成了两个新的氮杂环卡宾金属钌配合物1和2,通过核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱、红外光谱和元素分析对其结构进行了表征,同时,X射线单晶衍射确证了配合物2的结构为cis(I)顺式构型.化合物1和2均能在温和的反应条件下有效催化卤代芳烃和苯硼酸的Suzuki偶联反应,并表现出较高的催化活性.     

一种新颖的胺类氧化羰化制脲衍生物催化剂

脲衍生物是一类具有广泛用途的有机反应中间体和药物中间体 .传统的生产方法是利用胺类化合物与异氰酸酯或光气的反应来实现[1] .在这些反应中都涉及到剧毒的光气 ,并且反应中放出大量的腐蚀性气体氯化氢 .采用催化氧化羰化或者还原羰化含氮有机物的反应制取相应的脲 ,是一条对环境和经济方面非常有利的路线 .在以往的研究工作中 ,普遍使用的是钯、钌、铑等贵金属的大分子含氮配合物均相催化体系或以硫、硒为主要活性组分的催化剂[2～ 6] .前者 ,催化剂制备过程相对复杂 ,还需添加其它助催化剂 ,与反应体系分离困难且易流失 ;后者活性较低 ,…     

氮杂环卡宾配位的单核型一价铁硫酚基配合物

含硫配体的低价铁物种被认为是固氮酶配位活化氮气时的活性金属物种, 但与之相关的含硫配体的单核型低价铁配合物的合成非常具有挑战性, 报道很少. 我们发现通过含氮杂环卡宾配体的三配位一价铁配合物(IMes)₂FeBr (IMes=1,3-bis(mesityl)imidazole-2-ylidene)与大位阻硫醇钾KSAr* (Ar*=2,6-(2',4',6'-Prⁱ₃C₆H₂)₂C₆H₃)的反应可以合成得到单核型一价铁硫酚基配合物[(IMes)Fe(SAr*)] (1). 配合物1为顺磁性配合物. 单晶X-射线衍射表征显示该一价铁配合物的铁中心除与一个氮杂环卡宾配位外还与大位阻硫酚配体的硫原子和2-位芳环以σ:η⁶-的方式配位. ⁵⁷Fe-穆斯堡尔谱、电子顺磁共振谱和理论计算共同表明配合物1的基态自旋量子数S=1/2. 配合物1可催化N₂与KC₈和Me₃SiCl反应, 生成N(SiMe₃)₃, 转换数(TON)可达87.