一种新型储氢材料——改性四氧化三铁的储氢性能研究

以金属Mo, Al, Cr, W可溶盐为添加物, 通过共沉淀法由FeCl₃和(NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂•6H₂O的水溶液制备了单金属添加的Fe₃O₄改性储氢材料. 采用循环储氢性能评价方法, 研究了材料的储氢性能; 利用X射线粉末衍射、SEM扫描电镜和BET比表面积测试手段, 分析了材料储-放氢前后的微观结构. 结果表明: 添加了Mo金属的Fe₃O₄材料四次循环的放氢温度最低, 为310～314 ℃(放氢速率为300 μmol•min^－1•Fe-g^－1), 低于目前同类最好的储氢材料(50 ℃左右); 对材料的微观结构研究表明: 采用本文方法制备的金属添加的Fe₃O₄储氢材料其粒度大约在50～70 nm. 此外, 材料的催化活性主要与掺杂的金属类型和材料粒度的大小有关.     

铁粉为原料催化改性铁氧化物的储氢性能

以Fe粉为原料, 以金属Mo, Al和Ni可溶性盐作为添加剂, 通过浸渍法制备单金属添加和双金属添加的改性铁氧化物储氢材料Fe-Mo, Fe-Al, Fe-Mo-Ni和Fe-Mo-Al, 并研究了它们的储氢性能. 结果表明样品Fe-Mo改性效果最好: 如放氢温度由改性前的500 ℃降至改性后的290 ℃左右; 300 ℃时放氢速率最高, 由改性前的低于50 μmol•min^－1• Fe-g^－1到改性后的325 μmol•min^－1•Fe-g^－1 (10次平均); 4.53 wt%的平均实验储氢量与理论值4.8 wt%较接近; 储-放氢循环稳定性随着循环次数的增加呈逐渐增加的趋势. SEM微观结构和BET比表面积分析表明添加剂的种类对样品的改性作用更重要.     

Design and Preparation of Graphene/Fe2O3 Nanocomposite as Negative Material for Supercapacitor

The development of high specific capacitance electrode materials with high efficiency, scalability and economic feasibility is significant for the application of supercapacitors, however, the synthesis of electrode material still faces huge challenges. Herein, graphene(G)/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite was prepared via a simple hydrothermal method connected with subsequent thermal reduction process. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) results showed rod-like Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were prepared and well-dispersed on graphene layers, providing a rich active site and effectively buffering the aggregation of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles in the process of electrochemical reaction. The specific capacitance of the obtained G/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite as negative electrode for supercapacitor was 378.7 F/g at the current density of 1.5 A/g, and the specific capacitance retention was 88.76% after 3000 cycles. Furthermore, the asymmetric supercapacitor(ASC) was fabricated with G/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite as negative electrode, graphene as positive electrode, which achieved a high energy density of 64.09 W∙h/kg at a power density of 800.01 W/kg, maintained 30.07 W∙h/kg at a power density of 8004.89 W/kg, and retained its initial capacitance by 78.04% after 3000 cycles. The excellent result offered a promising way for the G/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite to be applied in high energy density storage systems.     

Fe_2O_3-Modified Hydrogen Storage Alloys as Electrocatalyst for Borohydride Oxidation

The effects of hot alkaline treatment and Fe₂O₃ modification of hydrogen storage alloy on the electrocatalytic activity for oxidation of borohydride have been investigated using linear sweep voltammetry. The performance of borohydride electrochemical oxidation was significantly influenced by the hot alkaline treatment and Fe₂O₃ modification of the hydrogen storage alloy. The results showed that the current density of the Fe₂O₃‐modified hot alkaline‐treated hydrogen storage alloy electrode containing 5 wt% Fe₂O₃ reached 125 mA·cm^?2 in 0.10 mol·L^?1 NaBH₄ and 2 mol·L^?1 NaOH solution at ?0.55 V vs. saturated Ag/AgCl, KCl electrode.     

纳米Fe2O3/高氯酸铵复合粒子的制备及其热分解性能研究

用溶剂-非溶剂法制备了纳米Fe2O3／高氯酸铵(AP)复合粒子,并用TEM,SEM,XRD和ICP对其进行了表征．为了研究纳米复合粒子中纳米Fe2O3对AP热分解的催化性能,将相同比例的微米Fe2O3和纳米Fe2O3与AP分别简单混合后作对比,并用DTA对三种样品进行了热分析．结果表明,三种样品中的Fe2O3粒子都能催化AP的热分解;但纳米Fe2O3粒子的催化性能优于微米Fe2O3粒子,纳米Fe2O3／AP复合粒子中纳米Fe2O3对AP的催化性能优于纳米Fe2O3与AP简单混合物．与纳米Fe2O3与AP简单混合的样品相比,纳米复合粒子中的AP高温分解峰温降低20．1℃,低温分解峰几乎消失,表观分解热由850．2J／g提高到1080．8J／g．证明纳米Fe2O3与AP的复合处理能显著提高纳米Fe2O3对AP热分解的催化性能．并用不同样品中AP热分解的动力学参数对所得结果进行了理论分析．     

Praseodymium Oxide Modified CeO2/Al2O3 Catalyst for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3

A series of CeO₂/Al₂O₃ catalysts was modified with praseodymium oxide using an extrusion method. The catalytic activities of the obtained catalysts were measured for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃ to screen suitable addition of praseodymium oxide. These samples were characterized by XRD, N₂‐BET, NH₃‐TPD, NO‐TPD, Py‐IR, H₂‐TPR, Raman spectra and XPS, respectively. Results showed the optimal catalyst with the Pr/Ce molar ratio of 0.10 exhibited more than 90% NO conversion in a wide temperature range of 290–425°C under GHSV of 5000 h^?1. The number of Lewis acid sites and the chemisorbed oxygen concentration of the catalysts would increase with the Pr incorporation, which was favorable for the excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the Pr incorporation inhibited growth of the Al₂O₃ crystal particles and led to the lattice expansion of CeO₂, which increased catalytic activity. The results implied that the higher chemisorbed oxygen concentrations and the more Lewis acid sites were conductive to obtain the excellent SCR activity.     

纳米Fe2O3和Fe3O4的制备及其催化高氯酸铵热分解性能的研究——一个仪器分析综合实验

介绍一个仪器分析综合实验——纳米Fe_2O_3和Fe_3O_4的制备及其催化高氯酸铵热分解性能的研究。采用水热法合成纳米Fe_3O_4,进而煅烧得到纳米Fe_2O_3。使用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)对制得的样品结构进行表征,通过透射电镜(TEM)可以发现其为球形颗粒,粒径在10–20 nm范围内。将制得的纳米Fe_2O_3和纳米Fe_3O_4按不同比例加入高氯酸铵(AP)中,通过对混合物进行热分析(TG-DSC),发现纳米Fe_2O_3和纳米Fe_3O_4可以明显促进AP的分解,且Fe_2O_3的催化效果优于Fe_3O_4的催化效果,并对催化机理进行了简单讨论。通过该实验,可以让学生学习水热反应的方法,掌握利用XRD、热分析等多种手段对化合物结构及性能进行表征的技能。     

Influence of Addition of ZnO on Property of Fe2O3-K2O System Catalyst for Ethylbenzene Dehydrogenation to Styrene

The incorporation of ZnO into Fe2O3-K2O system increases its activity, enhances its moisture stability and mechanical strength. The origin of the enhancement in activity and moisture stability is discussed in the light of experimental results obtained by BET, XRD, XPS. It was found that the addition of ZnO to Fe2O3-K2O system strengthens the interaction between Fe2O3 and K2O, reduces the formation temperature of KFe11O17 at least by 50℃, and promotes the transformation of Fe^3 to Fe^2 further.     

Mn_xCo_(3-x)O_4复合氧化物及改性催化剂催化分解N_2O

用共沉淀法制备了一组不同组成的MnxCo3-xO4尖晶石型复合氧化物,表面负载碱金属助剂制备改性催化剂,用于催化分解N2O.用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附(BET)、红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术表征催化剂结构.考察了复合氧化物组成、碱金属助剂类型、钾前驱物等制备参数对催化剂结构和催化活性的影响.结果表明:添加助剂K、Cs降低了催化剂表面Co、Mn元素的电子结合能,弱化了Co—O和Mn—O键,有利于氧物种的脱除,提高了催化剂活性.优化出了活性较高的催化剂K/Mn0.4Co2.6O4(K2CO3),有氧无水、有氧有水气氛400℃连续反应50 h,N2O转化率分别保持100%和74.2%,催化剂稳定性较高.     

Preparation for Magnetic Nanoparticles Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 and Heterogeneous Fenton Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

Dyestuff textile wastewater treatment has become a research hotspot due to its high chroma, poor biodegradability, and low toxicity characteristics. In this paper, we have synthesized magnetic Fe₃O₄ and core‐shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ materials by hydrothermal methods. These materials were characterized by XRD, TEM, N₂ adsorption‐desorption and so on. These materials’ heterogeneous Fenton has been applied to dye wastewater treatment. Methylene blue was used as a typical target of dye wastewater. Decolorization ratios of methylene blue were determined by different nanostructure composites catalysts. A serious of results of study showed that decolorization ratios of magnetic nanoparticles and core‐shell composites arrived at above 90 % under the weakly acidic or neutral conditions and room temperature. When these catalysts were reused, the results show that Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ materials were possessed with good cycle performance.     

中空Fe203/G-NS纳米复合材料的制备和储锂性能

以三氯化铁和氧化石墨烯(Graphite oxide,GO)为原料,采用水热法一步合成了中空Fe2O3/石墨烯(Graphene nanoslheet,GNS)纳米复合材料.研究结果表明,Fe2O3/GNS纳米复合材料的形成是由于Fe3+催化氧化GO中的羧基等官能团释放出CO2,并以原位形成的CO2气泡为模板形成了中空...     

SO_4~（2－）／TiO_2和SO_4~（2－）／Fe_2O_3固体超强酸研究

用ＸＲＤ、ＴＧ－ＤＴＧ、ＳＥＭ和化学分析等手段研究了浸渍Ｈ_２ＳＯ_４的无定形ＴｉＯ２和Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３在焙烧过程中的晶化、相变、失水及失硫情况，总结出ＳＯ４２－／ＭｘＯｙ型固体超强酸具有与ＳＯ４２－／ＺｒＯ２体系相同的形成规律；用ＩＲ光谱和常温正戊烷异构化反应对ＳＯ４２－／ＴｉＯ２和ＳＯ４２－／Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３的超强酸性进行了表征，表明它们与／ＺｒＯ_２体系具有相似的表面酸位结构，无水状态主要为Ｌ酸位，吸水后部分Ｌ酸位可转变为Ｂ酸位，但这两种体系的超强酸性均比ＳＯ４２－／ＺｒＯ_２弱，其Ｈ０大约在－１３～－１４之间．     

Direct Electrochemistry of Hemoglobin Based on Fe3O4@SiO2 Nanoparticles Modified Electrode

A biosensor based on hemoglobin‐Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanoparticle bioconjunctions modified indium‐tin‐oxide (Hb/Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/ITO) electrode was fabricated to determine the concentration of H₂O₂. UV‐vis absorption spectra, fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to characterize the bioconjunction of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ with Hb. Experimental results demonstrate that the immobilized Hb on the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ matrix retained its native structure well. In addition, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) are very effective in facilitating electron transfer of the immobilized enzyme, which can be attributed to the unique nanostructure and larger surface area of the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs. The biosensor displayed good performance for the detection of H₂O₂ with a wide linear range from 2.03×10^?6 to 4.05×10^?3 mol/L and a detection limit of 0.32 µmol/L. The resulting biosensor exhibited fast amperometric response, good stability, reproducibility, and selectivity to H₂O₂.     

纳米氧化铁修饰玻碳电极检测痕量镉离子

制备了一种纳米氧化铁修饰玻碳电极,并研究了镉离子在该修饰电极上的溶出伏安行为。结果表明,纳米氧化铁颗粒能有效促进镉离子的溶出伏安响应。在pH 6.0的磷酸缓冲溶液中,镉离子能有效吸附在纳米氧化铁表面并在-1.0 V时被还原。被还原的镉在正向扫描过程中可以重新氧化,并在-0.85 V处出现一明显的溶出伏安氧化峰。该峰电流随镉离子浓度的增大而增大,可用于对镉离子的检测。在最佳检测条件(pH 6.0,富集时间350 s,富集电位-1.0 V)下,镉离子的响应电流与其浓度在6.0×10-10～1.0×10-8mol/L以及1.0×10-8～1.0×10-5 mol/L范围内呈良好线性,检出限(S/N=3)为1.0×10-10 mol/L。干扰实验结果表明,一些常见的阳离子以及阴离子对镉离子的检测无明显干扰。将该方法用于实际样品的检测,回收率良好。     

Fe3O4 Anisotropic Nanostructures in Hydrogels: Efficient Catalysts for the Rapid Removal of Organic Dyes from Wastewater

Fe₃O₄ anisotropic nanostructures that exhibit excellent catalytic performance are rarely used to catalyze Fenton‐like reactions because of the inevitable drawbacks resulting from traditional preparation methods. In this study, a facile, nontoxic, water‐based approach is developed for directly regulating a series of anisotropic morphologies of Fe₃O₄ nanostructures in a hydrogel matrix. In having the advantages of both the catalytic activity of Fe₃O₄ and the adsorptive capacity of an anionic polymer network, the hybrid nanocomposites have the capability to effect the rapid removal of cationic dyes, such as methylene blue, from water samples. Perhaps more interestingly, hybrid nanocomposites loaded with Fe₃O₄ nanorods exhibit the highest catalytic activity compared to those composed of nanoneedles and nanooctahedra, revealing the important role of nanostructure morphology. By means of scanning electrochemical microscopy, it is revealed that Fe₃O₄ nanorods can efficiently catalyze H₂O₂ decomposition and thus generate more free radicals (^.OH, ^.HO₂) for methylene blue degradation, which might account for their high catalytic activity.     

Comparison of reduction behavior of Fe2O3, ZnO and ZnFe2O4 by TPR technique

Advanced integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generation systems require the development of high-temperature,regenerable,desulfurization sorbents capable of removing hydrogen sulfide from coal gasifier gas to very low levels.As a sort of effective desufurizer,such as Fe2O3,ZnO and ZnFe2O4,it will endure strong reducing atmosphere in desulfurization process.The reduced degree of desufurizer can have an effect on its desulfurization reactivity.In this paper,Fe2O3,ZnO and ZnFe2O4 were synthesized by precipitation or co-precipitation at constant pH.After aging,washing and drying,the solids were calcined at 800℃.The reduction behaviors of sample were characterized by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR).It is found that there are two reduction peaks for Fe203 in TPR,and whereas no reduction peaks for ZnO are found.The reduction process of ZnFe2O4 prepared by co-precipitation is different from that of Fe2O3.ZnFe2O4 is easier to be reduced than Fe2O3.The activation energy of reduction process for Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4 is obtained at different reduction periods.     

以SBA-16为模板电沉积生长多孔氧化铁纳米线阵列

采用电化学沉积法以Mn改性的三维体心立方结构的介孔SBA-16膜为模板制备Fe纳米线.沉积Fe后的SBA-16膜以2%HF溶解SiO₂骨架,样品于550℃焙烧4 h.SEM和TEM的研究结果显示,所制备的Fe₂O₃纳米线互相平行,孔径均匀.XRD、电子衍射及HRTEM研究表明Fe₂O₃纳米线具有(多孔)单晶结构.     

ZrO2、Y2O3对CH4燃烧催化剂Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3的改性作用

γ-Ａｌ2Ｏ3作为催化剂载体具有较大的比表面积,机械强度高,孔结构适宜,但不耐高温。近年来,氧化锆载体以其耐高温等[1]独特性质引起多方面的关注[2-4],它能与所负载的金属产生强烈的电子相互作用,影响催化剂的吸附、氧化和还原性能。但是ＺｒＯ2比表面积较小,且随焙烧温度的升高急剧下降,如单独作为催化剂载体,其应用受到很大限制。若将ＺｒＯ2分散到γ-Ａｌ2Ｏ3表面上,可制得兼备两者优点的复合载体。当ＺｒＯ2中加入Ｙ2Ｏ3,能产生特殊的氧空穴[5],具有氧离子传导功能和导电性;与活性组分相结合能在很大程度上提高反应速度。我们用Ｙ…     

Fe2O3-MWNTs Composite with Reinforced Concrete Structure as High-performance Anode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries

AFe₂O₃-MWNTs(multi-walled carbon nanotubes) composite with a reinforced concrete structure was fabricated employing a two-step method, which involves a sol-gel process followed by high-temperature in situ sintering. This Fe₂O₃-MWNTs composite, intended to be used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, maintained a reversible capacity as high as 896.3 mA·h/g after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA/g and the initial coulombic efficiency reached 75.5%. The rate capabilities of the Fe₂O₃-MWNTs composite, evaluated using the ratios of capacity at 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000 and 100 mA/g after every 10 cycles, were determined to be 904.7, 852.1, 759.0, 653.8, 566.8 and 866.3 mA·h/g, respectively. Such a superior electrochemical performance of the Fe₂O₃-MWNTs composite is mainly attributed to the reinforced concrete construction, in which the MWNTs function as the skeleton and conductive network. Such a structure contributes to shortening the transport pathways for both Li⁺ and electrons, enhancing conductivity and accommodating volume expansion during prolonged cycling. This Fe₂O₃-MWNTs composite with the designed structure is a promising anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.     

多孔Fe_2O_3纳米纤维用于高容量长寿命锂空气电池催化剂

采用静电纺丝技术,以乙酰丙酮铁[Fe(C5H7O2)3]、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为原料,制备了由Fe2O3纳米颗粒组成的高比表面积的多孔纳米纤维,并成功应用于锂氧气电池用催化剂.Fe2O3纳米颗粒为反应提供了充足的活性位点,提高了电池容量;而三维网状结构为反应物及产物提供了足够的反应及储存空间,避免了对电极孔道堵塞的问题,从而达到了锂空气电池长循环的目的.