离子液体基聚合物的结构对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响研究

设计合成了分别悬挂磺酸官能团、磺酸锂官能团和烷基链官能团的三种结构的离子液体基聚合物,用于聚合物凝胶电解质的制备,并应用于染料敏化太阳能电池中.结果发现这三种聚合物含量的变化对电池性能的影响有较大差别.悬挂普通烷基链官能团的离子液体基聚合物(P-CH₃I)的加入,由于增加了电解质的粘度,使得电池的性能随着P-CH₃I含量的增加而变差;悬挂磺酸锂官能团的离子液体基聚合物P-LiI加入使电池的性能略微下降,而悬挂磺酸官能团的离子液体基聚合物P-HI加入到离子液体电解质后,在一定浓度范围内能改善离子的扩散等性能,从而使基于这种离子液体基聚合物的电池的光电性能相对较好.并通过电解质AFM微观形貌的研究解释了这三类电解质中离子扩散的差异以及光电性能的差别.     

A Silicon-based Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Iodide Source for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Room temperature molten salt 1‐methyl‐3‐(trimethylsilyl)methyl‐imidazolium iodide (MSII) was used for iodide sources in dye‐sensitized solar cells with an organic sensitizer 2‐cyano‐3‐[5‐[4‐[3‐[4‐(4‐(N,N‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)phenyl]‐2,5‐di‐n‐butyl‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione]phenyl]furan‐2‐yl] acrylic acid (DPP‐I) as light harvester. With an optimized electrolyte (MSII:I₂:BI:GuNCS?24:2:2:0.4, BI and GuCNS are short for benzimidazole and guanidine thiocyanate, respectively), photovoltaic parameters (J_sc, V_oc, and ff) of device are 8.97 mA·cm^?2, 600 mV and 0.61, respectively, yielding a maximum overall photo‐to‐energy conversion ef?ciency (η) of 3.23%. And then the charge‐transfer mechanism of devices was deeply analyzed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the dark.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Triazolium Iodide Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Imidazolium iodide compounds have been utilized in the electrolytes for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Most of the investigations with these compounds focus on the formulation of eutectic mixtures that promote efficient dissociation and diffusion of the iodide and triiodide species. Facile alternative synthetic approaches such as click chemistry (Huisgen 3+2 dipolar cycloaddition reaction) can be utilized to broaden the scope of electrochemically stable promising materials for novel electrolyte systems. Here, we report the first example of a triazolium functionalized cyclic siloxane that can be used as an electrolyte component in solvent-based DSSCs. The devices fabricated with this new triazolium salt in the electrolyte yielded short circuit current densities (26 mA/cm²), as well as power conversion efficiencies of 8%, these values are comparable to those obtained for imidazolium salt analogues.     

Synthesis of Low‐Viscosity Ionic Liquids for Application in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Two types of ionic liquids (ILs), 1‐(3‐hexenyl)‐3‐methyl imidazolium iodide and 1‐(3‐butenyl)‐3‐methyl imidazolium iodide, are synthesized by introducing an unsaturated bond into the side alkyl chain of the imidazolium cation. These new ionic liquids exhibit high thermal stability and low viscosity (104 cP and 80 cP, respectively). The molecular dynamics simulation shows that the double bond introduced in the alkane chain greatly changes the molecular system space arrangement and diminishes the packing efficiency, leading to low viscosity. The low viscosity of the synthesized ionic liquids would enhance the diffusion of redox couples. This enhancement is detected by fabricating dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with electrolytes containing the two ILs and I₂. The highest efficiency of DSSCs is 6.85 % for 1‐(3‐hexenyl)‐3‐methyl imidazolium iodide and 5.93 % for 1‐(3‐butenyl)‐3‐methyl imidazolium iodide electrolyte, which is much higher than that of 5.17 % with the counterpart 1‐hexyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium iodide electrolyte.     

染料敏化太阳电池电解质

染料敏化太阳电池是新一代的太阳电池,有着巨大的应用前景。其中电解质体系是电池组成的主要部分,对电池的性能有着重要的影响。本文介绍了染料敏化太阳电池的基本原理,详细评述了近几年国内外学者对染料敏化太阳电池用电解质体系的研究进展情况,根据电解质的存在状态将其分为液态、准固态和固态三大类并逐一进行介绍,最后对该领域的前景进行了展望。     

二氧化钛膜参数对离子液体基染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池性能的影响

Photo correlation spectroscopy was used to measure the particle size distribution of TiO2 films. Other parameters, such as porosity, BET surface area, average pore size, crystallite size D101, distribution of pore size etc. were also measured. The effects of these parameters on the ionic liquid based dye-sensitized solar cells （DSC） were studied. It was concluded that the particle size distribution of nanocrystalline TiO2 played an important role on the performance of DSC. The narrow particle size distribution of nanocrystalline TiO2 increased the efficiency of DSC, while the wide distribution decreased the efficiency of DSC. From the result above, it was also concluded that the photo correlation spectroscopy was a good method to identify the performance of TiO2 films. Based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we found that the particle size distribution could affect the electronic contact between the TiO2 layers as well. The narrow particle size distribution made the electronic contact between TiO2 layers better than the wide particle size distribution of the TiO2 films, and then better the electronic contact, higher the efficiency of the DSC.     

纳米氧化镍浓度对磁性准固态染料敏化太阳能电池的影响

以琼脂糖为聚合物基质,N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂,磁性纳米氧化镍颗粒作为添加剂用于制备染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的磁性聚合物电解质。通过SEM与离子电导率测试研究不同纳米氧化镍掺杂浓度对磁性聚合物电解质的影响,并对相应的染料敏化太阳能电池进行光电性能测试与电化学交流组抗谱(EIS)测试,结果表明:1.0wt%的纳米氧化镍掺杂浓度为最优掺杂浓度,在此浓度下聚合物电解质的表面形貌较为平整,同时电解质具备最高离子电导率(2.43×10-3S.cm-1);染料敏化太阳能电池的光电效率与电子寿命均随着纳米氧化镍掺杂浓度的增加而先增加后降低,并都在纳米氧化镍掺杂浓度为1.0wt%达到最大,此时电池的光电效率为1.63%、开路电压为0.57 V、短路电流密度为5.8 mA.cm-2、填充因子为0.53。     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑碘对染料敏化太阳电池的影响

采用季铵化反应合成了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑碘([Bmim]I).以此制备了DSCs用液体电解质.通过对比不同浓度的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑碘、碘化钾、碘,研究其对电池性能的影响.经过优化后,当c_IL=0.9 mol·L^-1、c_KI=0.5 mol·L^-1、c_I2=0.12 mol·L^-1时,所组装的离子液体DSCs在AM1.5,100 mW·cm^-2下,DSCs的短路电流密度为15.97 mA·cm^-2、开路电压为0.71 V、填充因子为0.55、光电转换效率可达6.34%.     

染料敏化太阳能电池TiO2电极的制备及电解质的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶水热法制备了锐钛矿型纳米晶TiO₂薄膜电极,在乙二醇碳酸酯(EC)/1,2-丙二醇碳酸酯(PC)电解液体系中,研究了I₂和KI含量对电极光电性能的影响,发现随着电解液中I₂含量的增加,电池的短路光电流呈现先增加后减小的趋势,但光电流增加和减少的幅度并不大,同时体系的暗电流不断增加,光电压不断下降;随着电解液中KI含量的增加,电池的短路光电流也不断增加,当KI的含量大于0.2 mol/L时,电池的短路光电流的增加的趋势减缓.并对电解液中I₂和KI含量对电池光电性能影响的原因进行了初步的探讨.     

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池*

本文介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的工作原理,对其重要研究方向——柔性染料敏化太阳能电池的关键组成部分：光阳极、对电极和电解质等的国内外研究进展进行了评述,分析当前研究过程中存在的问题,并提出提高柔性染料敏化太阳能电池光电转换效率和长期稳定性的对策,对其未来的发展进行了展望.     

染料敏化太阳电池钌系敏化剂

钌系敏化剂是染料敏化太阳电池（DSSC）研究最早也最成功的敏化剂类型之一,最高光电转换效率已达到11%以上。研究总结钌系敏化剂的结构、谱学性质、电化学性质与其光电转换性能之间的构效关系,对于设计合成新的具有更高性能的敏化剂、推进DSSC的实用化进程具有十分重要的意义。本文综述了钌系敏化剂的研究进展,将这类敏化剂按结构和性质进行分类,讨论了其分子结构、电子结构、谱学性质、电化学性质对其光吸收能力、电子注入效能、电荷传输与复合等因素的影响,并对其光电转换性能进行了详细评述,总结了其结构与光电转换性能之间的构效关系,概括了高效钌系敏化剂的结构特征,为更高效敏化剂的设计合成提供了有价值的参考。     

功能化多壁碳纳米管填充的凝胶电解质在染料敏化太阳能电池的应用

纯聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(PVDF-HFP)基凝胶电解质常常受制于低离子电导率,阻碍了其在染料敏化太阳电池(dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSCs)中的应用。 而利用纳米填充可提高凝胶电解质离子电导率及凝胶电解质DSSCs的性能。 本文使用功能化的多壁碳纳米管(f-MWCNT)作为PVDF-HFP凝胶电解质的纳米填充物,通过改变f-MWCNT的质量分数来研究其对电解质的离子电导率和离子扩散的影响,进而研究其对DSSCs的转化效率和长期稳定性的增强作用。 研究发现:质量分数0.5%的f-MWCNT明显提高了PVDF-HFP凝胶电解质的离子电导率和离子扩散系数。 并且,该凝胶电解质基DSSCs的光转换效率可达5.28%,相比于未填充的PVDF-HFP凝胶电解质基DSSCs(4.01%),其效率提高了31.7%。 42 d后,该电池依然可以保持最初转化效率的86.5%。 实验结果证实了f-MWCNT在纳米填充方面的巨大潜能,为采用纳米填充物提高凝胶电解质DSSCs的性能提供参考。     

基于p型光电极的染料敏化太阳能电池研究进展

基于p型光电极的染料敏化太阳能电池是一种受到广泛关注的新型太阳能电池。根据电池的结构不同可以将其分为p型和p-n叠层型染料敏化太阳能电池。其中p-n型叠层染料敏化太阳能电池的理论光电效率可以达到43%,高于传统的基于n型TiO₂光阳极的染料敏化太阳能电池理论效率（30%）,引起了科学界的高度关注。本文将总结基于p型光电极染料敏化太阳能电池（p型和p-n型叠层器件）的研究成果,重点介绍用于p型和p-n型叠层染料敏化太阳能电池的电极材料,染料及电解质的研究进展;同时总结目前该类电池发展中亟需解决的问题以及进一步提高器件效率的途径。     

基于p型光电极的染料敏化太阳能电池研究进展

基于p型光电极的染料敏化太阳能电池是一种受到广泛关注的新型太阳能电池。根据电池的结构不同可以将其分为p型和p-n叠层型染料敏化太阳能电池。其中p-n型叠层染料敏化太阳能电池的理论光电效率可以达到43%,高于传统的基于n型TiO_2光阳极的染料敏化太阳能电池理论效率(30%),引起了科学界的高度关注。本文将总结基于p型光电极染料敏化太阳能电池(p型和p-n型叠层器件)的研究成果,重点介绍用于p型和p-n型叠层染料敏化太阳能电池的电极材料,染料及电解质的研究进展;同时总结目前该类电池发展中亟需解决的问题以及进一步提高器件效率的途径。     

硫基离子液体电解质拓宽量子点敏化太阳能电池的应用温度范围

制备了1-甲基-3-丙基咪唑硫离子液体电解质,并应用在量子点敏化太阳能电池中。通过优化S和Na₂S的浓度,电解质的电导率在25℃下达到了12.96 mS·cm^-1。差示扫描量热法分析表明离子液体电解质的玻璃化转变温度为-85℃。采用该电解质的量子点敏化太阳能电池在25℃下达到了3.03%的光电转化效率(η),与采用水基电解质的电池的效率3.34%接近。由于本文中的离子液体电解质具有低玻璃化转变温度和不易挥发的优点,采用离子液体电解质的量子点敏化太阳能电池在-20℃ (η=2.32%)及80℃ (η=1.90%)的温度下表现出了比水基电解质优异的光电转化性能。     

Ionic Liquid Based Electrolyte with Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 as Framework for Quasi-solid-state Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Quasi-solid-state electrolytes were fabricated with mesoporous silica SBA-15 as a framework material. Ionic conductivity measurements revealed that SBA-15 can enhance the conductivity of the quasi-solid-state electrolyte. The diffusion coefficients of polyiodide ions such as Ⅰ3ˉ and Ⅰ5ˉ which were confirmed by Raman spectroscopic measurement, were about twice larger than that of I-. The optimized photoenergy conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSC） with the quasi-solid-state electrolyte was 4.3% under AM 1.5 irradiation at 75 mW·cm^-2 light intensity.     

离子液体在TiO2纳晶染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

离子液体以其高稳定性、高电导率等特有的优点,成为众多领域中研究的热点。本文简单综述了离子液体的概念、结构及其在TiO2纳晶染料敏化电池的固、液态电解质中的应用,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Meso-Substituted Tetrabenzotriazaporphyrins for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

A novel tetrabenzotriazaporphyrin (TBTAP) bearing an anchoring carboxy-phenyl group at the meso-carbon position ( TT260 ) was synthesized by an efficient method, which involves the crossover condensation between phthalonitrile and aminoisoindoline precursors. Its optical and electrochemical properties were also investigated together with its use as sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The performance of TT260 was compared with a benchmark molecule TT1 , bearing similar bulky tert-butyl groups at the periphery. The device, which is the first ever example of meso-substituted TBTAP-based DSSC, exhibits a modest maximum power conversion efficiency of 2.4±0.1 % under one-sun conditions.     

环保型准固态电解质的制备及在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

本文介绍了一种制备染料敏化太阳电池(DSC)准固态电解质的新方法——混合溶剂法.该方法具有制作工艺简单、所用溶剂对人及环境无污染等优点.将混合溶剂法制备的准固态电解质应用于太阳电池,并系统研究了电解质组成及环境温度对电解质及其DSC性能的影响规律.     

染料敏化太阳能电池用琼脂糖基磁性聚合物电解质的电化学性能

以琼脂糖为聚合物基质,N-甲基吡咯烷酮为溶剂,磁性纳米粒子四氧化三铁为无机纳米颗粒添加剂制备了用于染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的磁性聚合物电解质.通过研究不同小分子表面活性剂,聚乙二醇(PEG200)、曲拉通(TritonX-100)、乙酰丙酮和三者混合的表面活性剂对掺杂有1%(w)Fe3O4的磁性聚合物电解质离子电导率的影响,发现PEG200的加入可有效提高琼脂糖基磁性聚合物电解质的离子电导率.同时,对不同PEG200浓度添加下的电解质进行离子电导率测试研究发现:当PEG200加入量为61.8%(w)时,电解质具有最佳的离子电导率(2.88×10-3S·cm-1);对染料敏化太阳能电池进行电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)测试的结果表明:染料敏化太阳能电池的电子寿命和复合电阻随着PEG200浓度的增加是先增大后减小,最大的电子寿命和复合电阻出现在PEG200浓度为68.3%(w)处.