碰撞对钠分子菱形能级系统中高位能级布居的影响

在实验室上研究了碰撞过程对钠分子菱形能级系统高位能级布居的影响。无多普勒加宽的洛仑兹尖峰随缓冲气体压力的增大很快消失；加入少量缓冲气体，碰撞激发过程对以多普勒宽度为特征的信号有一定的增强作用，但加入过量缓冲气体会由于消布居作用使信号减弱。上述结果在速率方程近似下加以解释。     

碰撞对钠分子菱形能级系统中高位能能布居的影响

在实验室上研究了碰撞过程对钠分子菱形能级系统高位能级布居的影响.无多普勒加宽的洛仑兹尖峰随缓冲气体压力的增大很快消失;加入少量缓冲气体,碰撞激发过程对以多普勒宽度为特征的信号有一定的增强作用,但加入过量缓冲气体会由于消布居作用使信号减弱.上述结果在速率方程近似下加以解释.     

一种计算非平衡等离子体中粒子能级布居的简化方法

获得粒子能级布居是研究非平衡等离子体辐射性质的一个重要方面.对于复杂三维等离子体,采用细致碰撞辐射模型虽然精确,但计算耗费大.本文提出了一种束缚态特征温度法,能够快速计算得到非平衡等离子体中的粒子能级布居.对非平衡氖等离子体算例的研究表明,本文方法是有效的,在等离子体非平衡程度不太高时与碰撞辐射模型符合较好.在计算效率上,本文方法比碰撞辐射模型至少提高了3000倍,可极大节约计算资源和成本,在工程计算中有重要实际意义.     

锂原子的高激发态能级计算及其在微波场中的布居动力学过程

利用B样条技术,设计了一种计算高激发原子能级结构的方法,计算了高激发锂原子的能级结构,并研究了里德堡锂原子在微波场中的布居动力学过程。     

双能级系统中的光场驱动吸收特性和粒子布居调控

摘要：原子系统中的相干效应一直是当前科学研究的热点。本文在典型的双能级系统中引入光场激发能级之间粒子的相干跃迁,通过讨论光场开启后直到系统达到稳定的量子相干过程,分析系统从瞬态到达稳态的吸收特性和粒子布居特性,并进一步讨论通过改变光场强度对其特性进行的调控。     

双能级系统中的光场驱动吸收特性和粒子布居调控

摘要：原子系统中的相干效应一直是当前科学研究的热点。本文在典型的双能级系统中引入光场激发能级之间粒子的相干跃迁,通过讨论光场开启后直到系统达到稳定的量子相干过程,分析系统从瞬态到达稳态的吸收特性和粒子布居特性,并进一步讨论通过改变光场强度对其特性进行的调控。     

双能级系统中的光场驱动吸收特性和粒子布居调控

摘要：原子系统中的相干效应一直是当前科学研究的热点。本文在典型的双能级系统中引入光场激发能级之间粒子的相干跃迁,通过讨论光场开启后直到系统达到稳定的量子相干过程,分析系统从瞬态到达稳态的吸收特性和粒子布居特性,并进一步讨论通过改变光场强度对其特性进行的调控。     

NO2分子内能传递和弛豫过程的光声和荧光光谱探测

将荧光光谱和光声光谱两种互补的探测技术结合起来,从辐射和无辐射跃迁两个方面,分析了 532nm激光作用下,NO2分子的激发和弛豫过程.发现NO2分子在激光作用下,将跃迁至第一激发电子态.当样品气压较低时,受激NO2分子除辐射荧光外,可通过快速的内能转移过程实现在几个振转能级的再布居;随样品气压的升高,分子间碰撞加剧,受激NO2分子通过分子间的碰撞,实现在多个振转能级的再布居.激光布居能级的荧光辐射效率随样品气压的升高逐渐降低,而长波区域的荧光辐射及光声信号强度逐渐增强,说明在高样品气压条件下,受激NO2分子的弛豫过程除辐射荧光外,还存在很强的碰撞弛豫过程,在碰撞弛豫过程中受激NO2分子将振动能转化为热运动的平动能,引起温度升高而产生很强的声信号.     

若干参数对多能级系统粒子数陷俘的影响

运用缀饰态理论研究在外场、真空模耦合作用下多能级系统基于量子干涉效应的粒子数陷俘现象,得到了在干涉条件下系统陷俘粒子数的解析表达式,揭示出系统寝布居、驱动场拉比频率以及能级间隔等诸因素对粒子数陷俘效应的影响。研究结果表明,在特定的寝布居条件下,系统总陷俘粒子数对驱动场拉比频率和上能级间隔的依赖关系不总是简单的单调递增（递减）下,系统总陷俘粒子地驱动场拉比频率和上能级间隔的依赖关系不总是简单的单调递     

钐原子高激发态能级位置和同位素位移测量

本文首次用共振增强消多普勒双光子光谱技术对钐原子四个高激发态偶宇称能级进行了实验研究,得到了这些能级的位置和相应跃迁的同位素位移数据.     

Approximation of the width of the line profile narrowed by collisions

For models of hard and soft (in velocity) collisions, algebraic approximations of the line half-width are determined that depend on parameters of collisional broadening and narrowing and on the Doppler half-width. The average difference between the approximated and the exact values of the half-width do not exceed 0.1%. A simple criterion for determining the correspondence of models of hard and soft collisions to the experimental dependence of the half-width on the buffer gas pressure is proposed.     

Overtone spectroscopy of water molecules based on room temperature diode laser emitting in the NIR range

The measurement of very weak overtone spectroscopic line shape of water molecule is performed using wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS). In this work a high resolution near infrared diode laser spectrometer is used to record first derivative (1f) signal of buffer gas Helium and Carbon dioxide broadened water vapour transitions around 820 nm wavelength region. The effect of collision due to perturber pressure on signal to noise ratio (SNR) is discussed. The Lorentzian HWHM of observed 1f signal is calculated. The comparison is made between collisional broadening of water vapour transition broadened by inert gas Helium and high quadrupole moment active gas Carbon dioxide.     

Probe field spectroscopy in three-level Λ systems under arbitrary collisional relaxation of low-frequency coherence

We investigate theoretically the spectrum of weak probe field absorption by three-level atoms with the Λ configuration of levels in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave acting on an adjacent transition and colliding with buffer gas atoms. Analysis is carried out for the general case of arbitrary collisional relaxation of low-frequency coherence at a transition between two lower levels. It is shown that, in the absence of collisional relaxation of low-frequency coherence, the probe field spectrum always exhibits clearly manifested anisotropy with respect to mutual orientation of wavevectors of the strong and probe radiation (even under small Doppler broadening). It is found that the probe field spectrum may acquire under certain conditions supernarrow resonances with a width proportional to the diffusion coefficient for atoms interacting with radiation. This fact may form the basis for a spectroscopic method for measuring transport frequencies of collisions between absorbing and buffer particles. A large-amplitude supernarrow resonance (with an amplitude much larger than the amplitude of the resonance near the line center), which is observed in the far wing of the absorption line, exhibits collisional narrowing (a nonlinear spectroscopic analog of the Dicke effect) at collision frequencies several orders of magnitude lower that the Doppler linewidth. Simple working equations proposed for describing the probe field spectrum are convenient for experimental data processing.     

General transient solutions for the four-coupled Bloch-type equations for a two-level system

When the collisional dynamics of two states under consideration for a radiative transition is different, the polarization and population relaxations in gas phase at low pressure are governed by four-, instead of three-, coupled Bloch-type equations. The general transient solutions of these four-coupled equations are solved by using the Laplace transformation technique. It has been found that an additional exponential term appears because of the effect. This is also responsible for the non-exponential character in the decay signal of a transient microwave pulse experiment, besides other factors reported earlier.     

Single-pulse collision-insensitive picosecond planar laser-induced fluorescence of OHA 2 Σ + (v′ = 2) in atmospheric-pressure flames

Single-pulse two-dimensional picosecond Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) imaging of the OH density in a single quantum state was performed for the first time, using a premixed methane-oxygen flame at atmospheric pressure. A picosecond, excimer-Raman-laser system (268 nm, 470 ps FWHM) was used for excitation of OH. The fluorescence from the laser sheet was imaged onto a fast gated intensified camera with a 400 ps gate width. The short laser pulse minimizes the collisional redistribution of population in the ground state during excitation, while the short camera gate avoids significant quenching of the excited-state fluorescence. The fluorescence signal obtained in this way is a direct measure of the population in a selected quantum state. In contrast to common nanosecond LIF signals no corrections on variations of the collisional environment are necessary. This collision-insensitive approach to two-dimensional LIF yields an OH detection limit of 10 ppm in a cube of 330 µm per side with a single 1 mJ laser pulse. A rate-equation model is used to estimate the effects on the observed signal of fluctuations in pulse energy and duration, laser-camera timing jitter, and spatial variations in the collisional environment.     

基于波长调制光谱技术的线宽测量理论及其应用研究

气体吸收谱线的线宽主要包括碰撞作用引起的洛伦兹线宽和分子热运动引起的高斯线宽, 是可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)的重要参数. 本项研究在弱吸收条件下, 通过对波长调制法中二次与四次谐波峰值比进行理论分析和仿真计算, 发现无论洛伦兹和高斯线宽如何变化, 二次和四次谐波峰值比具有恒过不动点的特征. 本文基于该不动点提出了一种线宽在线测量的方法, 并以CO₂分子6982.0678 cm^-1 吸收谱线为例进行实验验证. 实验结果表明, 该方法可以精确测量线宽, 进而根据测量得到的线宽确定气体分压和总压, 可有效地提高TDLAS技术在工业现场中的测量精度.     

High buffer gas pressure perturbation of coherent population trapping in sodium vapors

We report an experimental investigation of coherent population trapping in specially selected Zeeman levels of the sodium atom, performed under high buffer gas pressure in a polydimethylsiloxane coated cell at room temperature. The results show that coherent population trapping will not be completely destroyed when the buffer gas pressure reaches 1100 Torr for He and 1000, 800, and 500 Torr, for Ne, Ar and Kr, respectively. Buffer gases with heavier mass play a larger destructive role for the coherent population trapping. The line width of the dark resonance is reduced with buffer gas pressure. The behavior of the dark resonances on increasing buffer gas is discussed and possible applications are pointed out.     

高激发态钠原子与分子碰撞能量转移及分子扩散带辐射的增强效应研究

在钠原子分子混合体系中 ,实验研究了加入缓冲气体对高位态原子分子碰撞能量转移和分子扩散带辐射的增强效应 ;运用瞬态碰撞模型作了理论计算 ,理论结果与实验结果相符合     

噪声免疫腔增强光外差分子饱和光谱线型的理论分析

噪声免疫腔增强光外差分子光谱(NICE-OHMS)作为世界上最灵敏的光谱技术可以被应用到痕量气体检测、频率标准、原子分子光谱以及超灵敏引力波测量等领域中,高精细度谐振腔吸收池的使用在增长激光与腔内物质相互作用路径的同时,极大的提高了腔内激光功率,这就会饱和低气压下的气态样品吸收线从而获得亚多普勒光谱结构,因此NICE-OHMS技术不仅具有高灵敏、还具有超高分辨的优点。该研究基于光与二能级分子相互作用的密度矩阵理论对NICE-OHMS技术中包含亚多普勒的多普勒展宽光谱线型进行了理论推导,获得了光谱线型的表达式,同时以该表达式对光谱线型进行了数值模拟,其中调制频率、饱和参量、频率调制系数分别设置为384 MHz,10和0.2。由模拟结果可见吸收光谱由两个边带的吸收信号构成,在包络上存在四个亚多普勒饱和结构;色散光谱由载频以及边带的色散三者决定,并在包络上存在五个亚多普勒饱和结构,获得了与已有实验一致的结果。最后重点分析了不同探测相位、不同饱和参量下的NICE-OHMS光谱线型尤其是亚多普勒结构的变化,由于饱和参量按照调制系数分配给载频和边带,因此虽然载频饱和参量很大,但NICE-OHMS吸收光谱幅度变化不大,主要是由于该光谱信号只与边带饱和参量有关,可以看出NICE-OHMS多普勒展宽信号具有饱和效应免疫的特性,与已有实验结果也符合较好。为更进一步的实验研究提供了必要的理论基础。     

Numerical Study on Population Inversion and Lasing Conditions in an Optically Thick Recombining Helium Plasma

Lasing conditions for He I in a cold recombining helium plasma are numerically discussed including optical thicknesses. A collisional radiative model is used to calculate population densities. We discuss the effect of self absorptions by the background residual gas on the lasing conditions quantitatively. The optical thickness is essential in the calculation and affects the population inversions between level pairs of the singlet state drastically, while those of the triplet state are not affected very much. In the optically thin plasma, the laser lower levels of the singlet state depopulate mainly through radiative transitions. On the other hand, they depopulate mainly through electron collisional deexcitations in the optically thick plasma. Results of the calculations are verified by the spectroscopic observations of an arc-heated magnetically trapped expanding plasma jet generator which we developed. The requirement for the background pressure in which the lasing is possible is discussed quantitatively.