The Balian-Low theorem and regularity of Gabor systems

For any positive real numbers A, B, and d satisfying the conditions , d>2, we construct a Gabor orthonormal basis for L²(ℝ), such that the generating function g∈L²(ℝ) satisfies the condition:∫_ℝ|g(x)|²(1+|x| ^A )/log ^d (2+|x|)dx < ∞ and .     

Sharp estimates for maximal operators associated to the wave equation

The wave equation, ∂ _tt u=Δu, in ℝ ⁿ⁺¹, considered with initial data u(x,0)=f∈H ^s (ℝ ⁿ ) and u’(x,0)=0, has a solution which we denote by . We give almost sharp conditions under which and are bounded from H ^s (ℝ ⁿ ) to L ^q (ℝ ⁿ ).     

Solutions to Some Open Problems in Fluid Dynamics

Let u=u（x,t,uo）represent the global solution of the initial value problem for the one-dimensional fluid dynamics equation ut-εuxxt＋δux＋γHuxx＋βuxxx＋f（u）x=αuxx,u（x,0）=uo（x）, whereα〉0,β〉0,γ〉0,δ〉0 andε〉0 are constants.This equation may be viewed as a one-dimensional reduction of n-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The nonlinear function satisfies the conditions f（0）=0,｜f（u）｜→∞as ｜u｜→∞,and f∈C^1（R）,and there exist the following limits Lo=lim sup/u→o f（u）/u^3 and L∞=lim sup/u→∞ f（u）/u^5 Suppose that the initial function u0∈L^I（R）∩H^2（R）.By using energy estimates,Fourier transform,Plancherel＇s identity,upper limit estimate,lower limit estimate and the results of the linear problem vt-εv（xxt）＋δvx＋γHv（xx）＋βv（xxx）=αv（xx）,v（x,0）=vo（x）, the author justifies the following limits（with sharp rates of decay） lim t→∞[（1＋t）^（m＋1/2）∫｜uxm（x,t）｜^2dx]=1/2π（π/2α）^（1/2）m!!/（4α）^m[∫R uo（x）dx]^2, if∫R uo（x）dx≠0, where 0!!=1,1!!=1 and m!!=1·3…（2m-3）…（2m-1）.Moreover lim t→∞[（1＋t）^（m＋3/2）∫R｜uxm（x,t）｜^2dx]=1/2π（x/2α）^（1/2）（m＋1）!!/（4α）^（m＋1）[∫Rρo（x）dx]^2, if the initial function uo（x）=ρo′（x）,for some functionρo∈C^1（R）∩L^1（R）and∫Rρo（x）dx≠0.     

Triebel-Lizorkin Spaces of Para-Accretive Type and a Tb Theorem

In this article, we use a discrete Calderón-type reproducing formula and Plancherel-Pôlya-type inequality associated to a para-accretive function to characterize the Triebel-Lizorkin spaces of para-accretive type $\dot{F}^{\alpha,q}_{b,p}In this article, we use a discrete Calderón-type reproducing formula and Plancherel-P?lya-type inequality associated to a para-accretive function to characterize the Triebel-Lizorkin spaces of para-accretive type , which reduces to the classical Triebel-Lizorkin spaces when the para-accretive function is constant. Moreover, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the boundedness of paraproduct operators. From this, we show that a generalized singular integral operator T with M _b TM _b ∈WBP is bounded from to if and only if and T ^* b=0 for , where ε is the regularity exponent of the kernel of T. Chin-Cheng Lin supported by National Science Council, Republic of China under Grant #NSC 97-2115-M-008-021-MY3. Kunchuan Wang supported by National Science Council, Republic of China under Grant #NSC 97-2115-M-259-009 and NCU Center for Mathematics and Theoretic Physics.     

Optimal initial value conditions for the existence of local strong solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations

Consider the instationary Navier–Stokes system in a smooth bounded domain with vanishing force and initial value . Since the work of Kiselev and Ladyzhenskaya (Am. Math. Soc. Transl. Ser. 2 24:79–106, 1963) there have been found several conditions on u ₀ to prove the existence of a unique strong solution with u(0) = u ₀ in some time interval [0, T), 0 < T ≤ ∞, where the exponents 2 < s < ∞, 3 < q < ∞ satisfy . Indeed, such conditions could be weakened step by step, thus enlarging the corresponding solution classes. Our aim is to prove the following optimal result with the weakest possible initial value condition and the largest possible solution class: Given u ₀, q, s as above and the Stokes operator A ₂, we prove that the condition is necessary and sufficient for the existence of such a local strong solution u. The proof rests on arguments from the recently developed theory of very weak solutions.     

Retracts in Polydisk and Analytic Varieties with the <Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis><Superscript>∞</Superscript>-Extension Property

This article mainly concerns retracts in polydisk, analytic varieties with the H ^∞-extension property and the three-point Pick problem on . Arising in the study of Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation on the bidisk, Agler and McCarthy recently discovered a remarkable theorem which characterizes subsets in the bidisk with the polynomial extension property, and in this case, these subsets are retracts. To study H ^∞-extensions of holomorphic functions from subvarieties of polydisk, one naturally is concerned with retracts in polydisk. Under certain mild assumptions, it is shown that subvarieties with H ^∞-extension property are exactly retracts. Furthermore, we apply our argument to determine those retracts whose retractions are unique. In particular, a retract in having at least two different retractions is exactly a balanced disk. As an application, we give a sufficient condition of the uniqueness of the solution for the three-point Pick problem on .      

Arithmetic mean of differences of Dedekind sums

Recently, Girstmair and Schoissengeier studied the asymptotic behavior of the arithmetic mean of Dedekind sums , as N → ∞. In this paper we consider the arithmetic mean of weighted differences of Dedekind sums in the form , where is a continuous function with , runs over , the set of Farey fractions of order Q in the unit interval [0,1] and are consecutive elements of . We show that the limit lim _Q→∞ A _h (Q) exists and is independent of h.     

Regularity of weak solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations in exterior domains

Let u be a weak solution of the Navier–Stokes equations in an exterior domain ${\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^3}Let u be a weak solution of the Navier–Stokes equations in an exterior domain W ì \mathbbR³{\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^3} and a time interval [0, T[ , 0 < T ≤ ∞, with initial value u ₀, external force f = div F, and satisfying the strong energy inequality. It is well known that global regularity for u is an unsolved problem unless we state additional conditions on the data u ₀ and f or on the solution u itself such as Serrin’s condition || u ||_{L^s(0,T; L^q(W))} < ￥{\| u \|_{L^s(0,T; L^q(\Omega))} < \infty} with 2 < s < ￥, \frac2s + \frac3q = 1{2 < s < \infty, \frac{2}{s} + \frac{3}{q} =1}. In this paper, we generalize results on local in time regularity for bounded domains, see Farwig et al. (Indiana Univ Math J 56:2111–2131, 2007; J Math Fluid Mech 11:1–14, 2008; Banach Center Publ 81:175–184, 2008), to exterior domains. If e.g. u fulfills Serrin’s condition in a left-side neighborhood of t or if the norm || u ||_{L^s￠(t-d,t; L^q(W))}{\| u \|_{L^{s'}(t-\delta,t; L^q(\Omega))}} converges to 0 sufficiently fast as δ → 0 + , where ${\frac{2}{s'} + \frac{3}{q} > 1}${\frac{2}{s'} + \frac{3}{q} > 1}, then u is regular at t. The same conclusion holds when the kinetic energy \frac12|| u(t) ||₂²{\frac{1}{2}\| u(t) \|_2^2} is locally H?lder continuous with exponent ${\alpha > \frac{1}{2}}${\alpha > \frac{1}{2}}.     

A generalization of Euler’s constant

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the limit γ(a) of the sequence , where a ∈ (0, + ∞ ).      

Functional Gabor frame multipliers

A Gabor frame multiplier is a bounded operator that maps normalized tight Gabor frame generators to normalized tight Gabor frame generators. While characterization of such operators is still unknown, we give a complete characterization for the functional Gabor frame multipliers. We prove that a L^∞ -function h is a functional Gabor frame multiplier (for the time-frequency lattice aℤ × bℤ) if and only if it is unimodular and is a-periodic. Along the same line, we also characterize all the Gabor frame generators g (resp. frame wavelets ψ) for which there is a function ∈ L^∞(ℝ) such that {wg_mn} (resp. ωψ_k,ℝ) is a normalized tight frame.     

On the minimum length of some linear codes

We determine the minimum length n _q (k, d) for some linear codes with k ≥ 5 and q ≥ 3. We prove that n _q (k, d) = g _q (k, d) + 1 for when k is odd, for when k is even, and for . This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government(MOEHRD). (KRF-2005-214-C00175). This research has been partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science under Contract Number 17540129.     

Renormalization and blow up for charge one equivariant critical wave maps

We prove the existence of equivariant finite time blow-up solutions for the wave map problem from ℝ²⁺¹→S ² of the form where u is the polar angle on the sphere, is the ground state harmonic map, λ(t)=t ^-1-ν, and is a radiative error with local energy going to zero as t→0. The number can be prescribed arbitrarily. This is accomplished by first “renormalizing” the blow-up profile, followed by a perturbative analysis. Mathematics Subject Classification (1991) 35L05, 35Q75, 35P25     

On the Square Integrability of Quasi Regular Representation on Semidirect Product Groups

Let H be a locally compact group and K be a locally compact abelian group. Also let G=H× _τ K denote the semidirect product group of H and K, respectively. Then the unitary representation (U,L ²(K)) on G defined by is called the quasi regular representation. The properties of this representation in the case K=(ℝ ⁿ ,+), have been studied by many authors under some specific assumptions. In this paper we aim to consider a general case and extend some of these properties when K is an arbitrary locally compact abelian group. In particular we wish to show that the two conditions (i) , and (ii) the stabilizers H ^ω are compact for a.e. ; both are necessary for square integrability of U. Furthermore, we shall consider some sufficient conditions for the square integrability of U. Also, for the square integrability of subrepresentations of U, we will introduce a concrete form of the Duflo-Moore operator.      

Boundary Limits for Bounded Quasiregular Mappings

In this paper we establish results on the existence of nontangential limits for weighted -harmonic functions in the weighted Sobolev space , for some q>1 and w in the Muckenhoupt A _q class, where is the unit ball in . These results generalize the ones in Sect. 3 of Koskela et al., Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 348(2), 755–766, 1996, where the weight was identically equal to one. Weighted -harmonic functions are weak solutions of the partial differential equation

Geometric approach to stable homotopy groups of spheres. Kervaire invariants. II

We present an approach to the Kervaire-invariant-one problem. The notion of the geometric (ℤ/2 ⨁ ℤ/2)-control of self-intersection of a skew-framed immersion and the notion of the (ℤ/2 ⨁ ℤ/4)-structure on the self-intersection manifold of a D ₄-framed immersion are introduced. It is shown that a skew-framed immersion ↬ℝ ⁿ , 0 < q ≪ n (in the -range), admits a geometric (ℤ/2 ⨁ ℤ/2)-control if the characteristic class of the skew-framing of this immersion admits a retraction of order q, i.e., there exists a mapping such that this composition → ℝP^∞ is the characteristic class of the skew-framing of f. Using the notion of (ℤ/2 ⨁ ℤ/2)-control, we prove that for a sufficiently large n, n = 2 ^l − 2, an arbitrarily immersed D ₄-framed manifold admits in the regular cobordism class (modulo odd torsion) an immersion with a (ℤ/2 ⨁ ℤ/4)-structure. Translated from Fundamentalnaya i Prikladnaya Matematika, Vol. 13, No. 8, pp. 17–41, 2007.     

A central limit theorem for convex sets

We show that there exists a sequence for which the following holds: Let K⊂ℝⁿ be a compact, convex set with a non-empty interior. Let X be a random vector that is distributed uniformly in K. Then there exist a unit vector θ in ℝⁿ, t₀∈ℝ and σ>0 such that

On the Shape of the Ground State Eigenfunction for Stable Processes

We prove that the ground-state eigenfunction for symmetric stable processes of order α∈(0,2) killed upon leaving the interval (?1,1) is concave on $(-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2})We prove that the ground-state eigenfunction for symmetric stable processes of order α∈(0,2) killed upon leaving the interval (−1,1) is concave on . We call this property “mid-concavity”. A similar statement holds for rectangles in ℝ^d, d>1. These result follow from similar results for finite-dimensional distributions of Brownian motion and subordination. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) 30C45. Rodrigo Ba?uelos: R. Ba?uelos was supported in part by NSF grant # 9700585-DMS. Tadeusz Kulczycki: T. Kulczycki was supported by KBN grant 2 P03A 041 22 and RTN Harmonic Analysis and Related Problems, contract HPRN-CT-2001-00273-HARP.     

Euler–Poincaré Flows on <Emphasis Type="Italic">sl</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Subscript> Opers and Integrability

We consider the action of vector field Vect(S ¹) on the space of an sl _n - opers on S ¹, i.e., a space of nth order differential operator . This action takes the sections of Ω ^–(n–1)/2 to those of Ω ^(n+1)/2, where Ω is the cotangent bundle on S ¹. In this paper we study Euler–Poincaré (EP) flows on the space of sl _n opers, in particular, we demonstrate explicitly EP flows on the space of third and fourth order differential operators (or sl ₃ and sl ₄ opers) and its relation to Drienfeld–Sokolov, Hirota–Satsuma and other coupled KdV type systems. We also discuss the Boussinesq equation associated with the third order operator. The solutions of the sl _n oper defines an immersion in homogeneous coordinates. We derive the Schwarzian KdV equation as an evolution of the solution curve associated to Δ ⁽ⁿ⁾, we study the factorization of higher order operators and its compatibility with the action of Vect(S ¹). We obtain the generalized Miura transformation and its connection to the modified Boussinesq equation for sl ₃ oper. We also study the eigenvalue problem associated to sl ₄ oper. We discuss flows on the special higher order differential operators for all u _i = f(u,u _x ,u _xx ⋯) and its connection to KdV equation. Finally we explore a relation between projective vector field equation and generalized Riccati equations.      

Toeplitz operators related to strongly singular Calderón-Zygmund operators

In this paper, the boundedness of Toeplitz operator T _b(f) related to strongly singular Calderón-Zygmund operators and Lipschitz function b ε (ℝⁿ) is discussed from L ^p(ℝⁿ) to L ^q(ℝⁿ), , and from L ^p(ℝⁿ) to Triebel-Lizorkin space . We also obtain the boundedness of generalized Toeplitz operator Θ _α0 ^b from L ^p(ℝⁿ) to L ^q(ℝⁿ), . All the above results include the corresponding boundedness of commutators. Moreover, the boundedness of Toeplitz operator T _b(f) related to strongly singular Calderón-Zygmund operators and BMO function b is discussed on L ^p(ℝⁿ), 1 < p < ∞.     

THE BOUNDEDNESS OF MULTILINEAR COMMUTATORS FROM L^P （R^n） TO TRIEBEL-LIZORKIN SPACES

Let (→b)=(b1,…,bm),bi∈Λβi(Rn),1≤i≤m,0＜βi＜β,0＜β＜1,[(→b),T]f(x)=∫Rn,(b1(x)-b1(y))…(bm(x)-bm(y)))K(x-y)f(y)dy where K is a Calder(o)n-Zygmund kernel.In this paper,we show that[(→b),T] is bounded from Lp (Rn) to Fβ,∞p(Rn),as well as[(→b,Iα)] from Lp(Rn) to Fβ,∞p(Rn),where 1/q=1/p-α/n.