The Drazin inverse in multibody system dynamics

Summary The numerical analysis of multibody system dynamics is based on the equations of motion as differential-algebraic systems. A thorough analysis of the linearized equations and their solution theory leads to an equivalent system of ordinary differential equations which gives deeper insight into the derivation of integration schemes and into the stabilization approaches. The main tool is the Drazin inverse, a generalized matrix inverse, which preserves the eigenvalues. The results are illustrated by a realistic truck model. Finally, the approach is extended to the nonlinear index 2 formulation.     

Initial/Boundary Value Problems for Simultaneous Evolution Equations in Three Dimensions

A novel procedure recently introduced by the senior author is adapted here for the analysis of initial/boundary value problems for pairs of linear dispersive evolution equations in three dimensions. Such simultaneous equations are shown to arise naturally out of linear representations for 2+1-dimensional nonlinear integrable equations. The method presented emanates from the encoding of such simultaneous equations as the condition that a certain differential 1-form is closed.     

Unified Orbital Description of the Envelope Dynamics in Two‐Dimensional Simple Periodic Lattices

The propagation of wave envelopes in two‐dimensional (2‐D) simple periodic lattices is studied. A discrete approximation, known as the tight‐binding (TB) approximation, is employed to find the equations governing a class of nonlinear discrete envelopes in simple 2‐D periodic lattices. Instead of using Wannier function analysis, the orbital approximation of Bloch modes that has been widely used in the physical literature, is employed. With this approximation the Bloch envelope dynamics associated with both simple and degenerate bands are readily studied. The governing equations are found to be discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS)‐type equations or coupled NLS‐type systems. The coefficients of the linear part of the equations are related to the linear dispersion relation. When the envelopes vary slowly, the continuous limit of the general discrete NLS equations are effective NLS equations in moving frames. These continuous NLS equations (from discrete to continuous) also agree with those derived via a direct multiscale expansion. Rectangular and triangular lattices are examples.     

立方Schr?dinger方程的半隐格式BDF2-FEM无条件最优误差估计

研究了立方Schr?dinger方程的二阶向后差分有限元方法(BDF2-FEM)的无条件最优误差估计.首先，将误差分为时间误差和空间误差两部分.通过引入时间离散方程，得到时间离散方程解的一致有界性，并给出时间误差估计.从而得到该方程在半隐格式下BDF2 FEM无条件最优误差估计.最后，用数值算例验证了理论分析.     

Solving nonlinear mixed Volterra–Fredholm integral equations with two dimensional block-pulse functions using direct method

Few numerical methods such as projection methods, time collocation method, trapezoidal Nystrom method, Adomian decomposition method and some else are used for mixed Volterra–Fredholm integral equations. The main purpose of this paper is to use the piecewise constant two-dimensional block-pulse functions (2D-BPFs) and their operational matrices for solving mixed nonlinear Volterra–Fredholm integral equations of the first kind (VFIE). This method leads to a linear system of equations by expanding unknown function as 2D-BPFs with unknown coefficients. The properties of 2D-BPFs are then utilized to evaluate the unknown coefficients. The error analysis and rate of convergence are given. Finally, some numerical examples show the implementation and accuracy of this method.     

二阶流体在旋转坐标系中的三维管道流动

就两个水平板构成的旋转系统,在磁场作用下分析二阶磁流体在其间的流动.下表面是一块可伸展的平面,上面是一块多孔的固体平板.选用合适的变换,将质量和动量的守恒方程,简化为耦合的非线性常微分方程组.应用最强大的分析技术,即同伦分析法(HAM),得到该非线性耦合方程组的级数解.结果用图形给出,并详细地讨论了无量纲参数Re,λ,Ha2,α和K2对速度场的影响.     

Global Results for the Rarita-Schwinger Equations and Einstein Vacuum Equations

We prove global existence and uniqueness of solutions to theRarita-Schwinger evolution equations compatible with the constraints.We use a gauge fixing for the Rarita-Schwinger equations forhelicity 3/2 fields in curved space that leads to a straightforwardHilbert space framework for their study. We explain how theseresults might be applied to the global analysis of the fullEinstein vacuum equations and provide a complete analysis asa basis for such applications. These and a programme for developinga scattering/inverse scattering transform for the full Einsteinequations are discussed. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification:83C60, 35Q75, 83C05, 35L45.     

Asymptotic Behavior of Massless Dirac Waves in Schwarzschild Geometry

In this paper, we show that massless Dirac waves in the Schwarzschild geometry decay to zero at a rate t ^?2λ , where λ = 1, 2, . . . is the angular momentum. Our technique is to use Chandrasekhar’s separation of variables whereby the Dirac equations split into two sets of wave equations. For the first set, we show that the wave decays as t ^?2λ . For the second set, in general, the solutions tend to some explicit profile at the rate t ^?2λ . The decay rate of solutions of Dirac equations is achieved by showing that the coefficient of the explicit profile is exactly zero. The key ingredients in the proof of the decay rate of solutions for the first set of wave equations are an energy estimate used to show the absence of bound states and zero energy resonance and the analysis of the spectral representation of the solutions. The proof of asymptotic behavior for the solutions of the second set of wave equations relies on careful analysis of the Green’s functions for time independent Schrödinger equations associated with these wave equations.     

Trajectory sensitivity analysis of hybrid systems with sliding motion

This paper concerns hybrid control systems exhibiting the sliding motion. It is assumed that the system’s motion on the switching surface is described by index-2 differential–algebraic equations (DAEs), which guarantee the accurate tracking of the sliding motion surface. For those systems the sensitivity analysis is performed with the help of solutions to system’s linearized equations. The paper states conditions under which the solutions to the linearized equations for original DAEs and the solutions to linearized equations for underlying ordinary differential equations (ODEs) exhibit similar properties. Due to the presence of sliding motion, we restrict the class of admissible control functions to piecewise differentiable functions. The presented sensitivity analysis might be useful in deriving the weak maximum principle for optimal control problems with hybrid systems exhibiting sliding motion and in establishing the global convergence of algorithms for solving those problems.     

Application of 2D-BPFs to nonlinear integral equations

In this study, an efficient method is presented for solving nonlinear two-dimensional Volterra integral equations (VIEs). Using piecewise constant two-dimensional block-pulse functions (2D-BPFs) and their operational matrix of integration, two-dimensional first kind integral equations reduce to a lower triangular system. The rate of convergence and error analysis are given and numerical examples illustrate efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.     

Symmetry and singularity properties of a system of ordinary differential equations arising in the analysis of the nonlinear telegraph equations

We investigate the symmetry and similarity properties of a system of equations arising in the analysis of the nonlinear telegraph equations. The system of two equations can be decoupled and integrated. Although one of equations is linear in one of the dependent variables, we are able to perform successfully a singularity analysis. We are able to interpret the results of the singularity analysis in terms of the possibility of the existence of a subsidiary solution.     

Stochastic flows and finite block frames

With the aim of understanding the mathematical structure of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in non-equilibrium statistical physics and then constructing a mathematical principle in the modeling problem for time series analysis, we have developed the theory of KM₂O-Langevin equations for discrete time stochastic processes. In this paper, as a new method for model analysis in the theory of KM₂O-Langevin equations, we show that block frames provide a natural mathematical language for dealing with minimum norm expansions of multi-dimensional stochastic processes which do not necessarily satisfy stationarity and non-degeneracy conditions.     

Anisotropic transient thermoelasticity analysis in a two-dimensional decagonal quasicrystal using meshless local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) method

The meshless local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) method is employed for anisotropic transient thermoelasticity analysis of 2D decagonal quasicrystals (QCs) subjected to transient thermal and mechanical shock loadings. The wave type model and the elasto-hydrodynamic model are applied to derive the phonon and phason governing equations, respectively. The temperature affects only the phonon field. To find the temperature distributions on the assumed 2D domain, the anisotropic heat conduction problem is solved using the MLPG method. Also, the MLPG method is successfully employed to obtain the transient behaviors of both phonon and phason displacements by solving the governing equations in local integral equations (LIEs) forms. Making use a unit step function as the test functions in the local weak-form of governing equations, we derived the local integral equations (LIEs) considered on small subdomains identical with support domains of test functions around each node. The radial basis functions are used for approximation of the spatial variation of field variables. The Laplace-transform technique is utilized to discretize the time variations.     

The electric field in the conductive half space as a model in mining and petroleum prospecting

We present a formulation of Maxwell's equations in a conductive medium, in the time domain. In order to restrict the equations to the conductive half space, the solution in the air is represented by an integral boundary operator on the interface. The problem admits a variational formulation, allowing a finite element solution. A mathematical analysis is described for 2D and 3D models, and numerical results are presented.     

一类三维拟线性双曲型方程交替方向有限元法

对一类一般的三维拟线性双曲型方程通过转化二阶时间导数得到关于一阶时间导数的耦合方程组,然后进行离散得到交替方向有限元格式,应用微分方程先验估计的理论和技巧得到了最优阶H~1-模和L~2-模误差估计,并给出了数值算例,数值结果和理论分析得到很好的吻合.     

An L2 finite element approximation for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations

This paper utilizes the Picard method and Newton's method to linearize the stationary incompressible Navier–Stokes equations and then uses an LL* approach, which is a least-squares finite element method applied to the dual problem of the corresponding linear system. The LL* approach provides an L²-approximation to a given problem, which is not typically available with conventional finite element methods for nonlinear second-order partial differential equations. We first show that the proposed combination of linearization scheme and LL* approach provides an L²-approximation to the stationary incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The validity of L²-approximation is proven through the analysis of the weak problem corresponding to the linearized Navier–Stokes equations. Then, the convergence is analyzed, and numerical results are presented.     

基于地理因素的健康中青年(18～40)PaO_2参考值预测研究

动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)参考值是医学诊治的重要指标,并随地理因素的变化而变化.鉴于各地参考值的不同,从地理因素角度出发,利用各地的各项地理因素指标,与各地的健康中青年动脉血氧分压参考值建立相关分析和回归分析,以此建立较为精确的预测模型,用以验证已知地区和预测未知地区的参考值.其建立的预测模型为医学参考值的制定提供了新的方法,并促进了地理资源的实践发展.     

轴对称非线性磁场分布的有限元分析

一、引言 轴对称电磁结构在轴对称电流作用下的磁场分布问题本是三维问题,利用轴对称关系可将三维麦克斯韦方程化为形如下面(1)式的二维非线性椭圆型方程.它与标准的平面磁场方程有所不同.而且v(B)不是B的单增函数.实际工程中的大型圆柱变压器、平     

Finite Element Solution of Conical Diffraction Problems

This paper is devoted to the numerical study of diffraction by periodic structures of plane waves under oblique incidence. For this situation Maxwell's equations can be reduced to a system of two Helmholtz equations in R ² coupled via quasiperiodic transmission conditions on the piecewise smooth interfaces between different materials. The numerical analysis is based on a strongly elliptic variational formulation of the differential problem in a bounded periodic cell involving nonlocal boundary operators. We obtain existence and uniqueness results for discrete solutions and provide the corresponding error analysis.     

一类高阶非线性波方程的子方程与精确行波解

结合子方程和动力系统分析的方法研究了一类五阶非线性波方程的精确行波解.得到了这类方程所蕴含的子方程, 并利用子方程在不同参数条件下的精确解, 给出了研究这类高阶非线性波方程行波解的方法, 并以Sawada Kotera方程为例, 给出了该方程的两组精确谷状孤波解和两组光滑周期波解.该研究方法适用于形如对应行波系统可以约化为只含有偶数阶导数、一阶导数平方和未知函数的多项式形式的高阶非线性波方程行波解的研究.