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1.
A series of macrocyclic polystyrene (PS)-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) block copolymers and similar block copolymers was synthesized by sequential polymerization of styrene and hexamethyl cyclotrisiloxane (D3) initiated by a difunctional anionic initiator in THF at −78° followed by coupling with Cl2SiMe2 in very dilute (10−5 – 10−6 M) solutions. Total molecular weights ranged from about 2–85 × 103. The formation of monodisperse macrocyclic block copolymers was indicated by the lower (15–30%) hydrodynamic volume of the rings compared to that of the linear block copolymers. Carbon-13 and 29Si NMR likewise supported the absence of linear polymer in the macrocyclic block copolymer. The behavior of second virial coefficient A2 of the rings and the linears versus temperature was examined by static light scattering in cyclohexane. Below 20° the A2 for the linear polymer goes negative while that for the cycle remains positive. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) as a function of temperature also reflects that the cyclic polymers remain well solvated even down to 12°C. The DLS autocorrelation functions for the linear triblock however demonstrate the onset of aggregation and phase separation as the temperature is reduced below 20°C.  相似文献   

2.
Solution properties for random and diblock copolymers of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been measured by dynamic and total intensity light scattering in solvents of differing quality. The results are compared with the corresponding properties for PS and PMMA homopolymers of similar molecular weight, in order to determine if interactions between unlike monomers are significant. The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and diffusion second virial coefficient (kd) for the random copolymer are found to be larger than the corresponding values for the homopolymers in a solvent which is near-theta for the two homopolymers, whereas no such effect is observed for the block copolymer. This suggests that most intrachain interactions occur a relatively short distance along the chain backbone. In a mutual good solvent Rh and kd of the random copolymer are comparable to the average of the values for the homopolymers, indicating that in a good solvent monomer/solvent interactions dominate over monomer/monomer interactions. For an isolated diblock copolymer in a mutual good solvent, there is no evidence that interactions between unlike monomers lead to additional expansion of the entire molecule, as measured by Rh, nor expansion of the individual blocks as probed by light scattering with one block optically masked. However, at low but finite concentration there is evidence (the coefficients of the binary interaction terms in the viscosity and the mutual diffusion coefficient, and the second and third virial coefficients) that a weak ordering effect may exist in block copolymer solutions, far from the conditions where microphase separation occurs. Finally, measurements of ternary polymer-polymer-solvent solutions show no dependence on monomer composition or monomer distribution for the tracer diffusion of probe PS-PMMA copolymers in a PMMA/toluene matrix. This indicate that the frictional interaction is largely unaffected by interactions between unlike monomers. However, there is evidence that the thermodynamic interaction is more unfavorable between a random copolymer and the homopolymer matrix than between a diblock and the matrix. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

3.
The “topological polymer chemistry” of amphiphilic linear and cyclic block copolymers at an air/water interface was investigated. A cyclic copolymer and two linear copolymers (AB‐type diblock and ABA‐type triblock copolymers) synthesized from the same monomers were used in this study. Relatively stable monolayers of these three copolymers were observed to form at an air/water interface. Similar condensed‐phase temperature‐dependent behaviors were observed in surface pressure–area isotherms for these three monolayers. Molecular orientations at the air/water interface for the two linear block copolymers were similar to that of the cyclic block copolymer. Atomic force microscopic observations of transferred films for the three polymer types revealed the formation of monolayers with very similar morphologies at the mesoscopic scale at room temperature and constant compression speed. ABA‐type triblock linear copolymers adopted a fiber‐like surface morphology via two‐dimensional crystallization at low compression speeds. In contrast, the cyclic block copolymer formed a shapeless domain. Temperature‐controlled out‐of‐plane X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films fabricated from both amphiphilic linear and cyclic block copolymers was performed to estimate the layer regularity at higher temperatures. Excellent heat‐resistant properties of organized molecular films created from the cyclic copolymer were confirmed. Both copolymer types showed clear diffraction peaks at room temperature, indicating the formation of highly ordered layer structures. However, the layer structures of the linear copolymers gradually disordered when heated. Conversely, the regularity of cyclic copolymer LB multilayers did not change with heating up to 50 °C. Higher‐order reflections (d002, d003) in the XRD patterns were also unchanged, indicative of a highly ordered structure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 486–498  相似文献   

4.
A series of novel four‐arm A2B2 and A2BC and five‐arm A2B2C miktoarm star polymers, where A is poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), B is polystyrene (PS), and C is polyisoprene (PI), were successfully synthesized by the combination of chlorosilane and benzyl chloride linking chemistry. This new and general methodology is based on the linking reaction of in‐chain benzyl chloride functionalized poly(dimethylsiloxane) (icBnCl–PDMS) with the in‐chain diphenylalkyl (icD) living centers of PS‐DLi‐PS, PS‐DLi‐PI, or (PS)2‐DLi‐PI. icBnCl–PDMS was synthesized by the selective reaction of lithium PDMS enolate (PDMSOLi) with the chlorosilane groups of dichloro[2‐(chloromethylphenyl)ethyl]methylsilane, leaving the benzyl chloride group intact. The icD living polymers, characterized by the low basicity of DLi to avoid side reactions with PDMS, were prepared by the reaction of the corresponding living chains with the appropriate chloro/bromo derivatives of diphenylethylene, followed by a reaction with BuLi or the living polymer. The combined molecular characterization results of size exclusion chromatography, 1H NMR, and right‐angle laser light scattering revealed a high degree of structural and compositional homogeneity in all miktoarm stars prepared. The power of this general approach was demonstrated by the synthesis of a morphologically interesting complex miktoarm star polymer composed of two triblock terpolymer (PS‐b‐PI‐b‐PDMS) and two diblock copolymer (PS‐b‐PI) arms. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6587–6599, 2006  相似文献   

5.
The effects of adding A–B diblock copolymer to a polymer blend (A/B) on phase‐separation kinetics and morphology have been investigated in a fixed shallow‐quench condition (ΔT = 1.5 °C) by in situ time‐resolved light scattering and phase‐contrast optical microscopy. A shear‐quench technique was used in this study instead of a conventional temperature‐quench method. Mixtures of nearly monodisperse low relative‐molecular masses of polybutadiene (Mw = 2.8 kg/mol), polystyrene (Mw = 2.6 kg/mol), and a near‐symmetric butadiene–styrene diblock copolymer (Mw = 6.3 kg/mol) as an interfacial modifier were studied. We observed that the addition of the diblock copolymer could either retard or accelerate the phase‐separation kinetics depending on the concentration of the diblock copolymer in the homopolymer blends. In contrast to the conventional temperature quench, we observed complex phase‐separation kinetics in the intermediate and late stages of phase separation by the shear‐quench technique. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 819–830, 2001  相似文献   

6.
Molecular motions of hydrophobic–hydrophilic water-soluble block copolymers in solution were investigated by high-resolution proton magnetic resonance (NMR). Samples studied include block copolymers of polystyrene–poly(ethylene oxide), polybutadiene–poly(ethylene oxide), and poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide). NMR measurements were carried out varying molecular weight, temperature, and solvent composition. For AB copolymers of polystyrene and poly(ethylene oxide), two peaks caused by the phenyl protons of low-molecular-weight (M?n = 3,300) copolymer were clearly resolved in D2O at 100°C, but the phenyl proton peaks of high-molecular-weight (M?n = 13,500 and 36,000) copolymers were too broad to observe in the same solvent, even at 100°C. It is concluded that polystyrene blocks are more mobile in low-molecular-weight copolymer in water than in high-molecular-weight copolymer in the same solvent because the molecular weight of the polystyrene block of the low-molecular-weight copolymer is itself small. In the mixed solvent D2O and deuterated tetrahydrofuran (THF-d8), two peaks caused by the phenyl protons of the high-molecular-weight (M?n = 36,000) copolymer were clearly resolved at 67°C. It is thought that the molecular motions of the polystyrene blocks are activated by the interaction between these blocks and THF in the mixed solvent.  相似文献   

7.
Forced Rayleigh scattering (FRS) has been used to measure the self-diffusion coefficient, D, of a lamellar-forming polystyrene-polyisoprene diblock copolymer (MPS = 1.0 X 104, MPI = 1.3 X 104) as a function of temperature. The measurements traverse the order-disorder transition (ODT), which occurs at 160°C. There is no obvious change in either D or the temperature dependence of D at the ODT, in agreement with measurements on several other systems. Electron microscopy confirms that the sample in the ordered state is quenched, with no long-range orientation of lamellae, and a typical grain size well below 1 μm. In contrast to previous measurements on a similar styrene-isoprene diblock, these FRS signals are well-described by single exponential decays; this may be largely attributed to differences in average grain size. The temperature dependence of D is modeled with several empirical expressions, based on the known monomeric friction factors for pure polystyrene and pure polyisoprene, but without quantitative success. These results underscore the need for a greater understanding of the composition and temperature dependences of local friction in polymer mixtures. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

8.
9.
Novel linear and three-arm star radial thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) comprising rubbery polyisobutylene (PIB) center blocks connected to glassy poly(p-chlorostyrene) (PpClSt) outer blocks have been synthesized by sequential monomer addition. For triblock polymer synthesis isobutylene (IB) was added continuously to a bifunctional initiating system (dicumylmethyl ether/TiCl4) dissolved in CH3Cl/methylcyclohexane solvent mixture at –80°C. After the living PIB sequence has reached the desired molecular weight p-chlorostyrene (pClSt) was added to produce the PpClSt end blocks. The synthesis conditions for the TPEs were developed with the help of model experiments using the 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl)/TiCl4 initiating system and subsequent PIB-PpClSt diblock syntheses. The triblock and radiol block polymers after solvent extraction exhibited excellent TPE characteristics. Copolymer compositions were determined by 1H-NMR and UV spectroscopy and further characterization was carried out by GPC, DSC, DMTA, and selective solvent extraction techniques. The TPEs exhibit two Tg's characteristic of glassy PpClSt (129°C) and rubbery PIB (?70°C) segments. Cast TPE films were clear and gave tensile strengths of 1.2-21 MPa with elongations of 460–1500%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of a triblock polymer containing ca. 38 wt % PpClSt suggests cylindrical PpClSt domains of 40–70 nm length and 25–35 nm diam embedded in a PIB matrix.  相似文献   

10.
A series of ABA amphiphilic triblock copolymers possessing polystyrene (PS) central hydrophobic blocks, one group with “short” PS blocks (DP = 54–86) and one with “long” PS blocks (DP = 183–204) were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. The outer hydrophilic blocks were various lengths of poly(oligoethylene glycol methyl ether) methacrylate, a comb‐like polymer. The critical aggregation concentrations were recorded for certain block copolymer samples and were found to be in the range circa 10−9 mol L−1 for short PS blocks and circa 10−12 mol L−1 for long PS blocks. Dilute aqueous solutions were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and demonstrated that the short PS block copolymers formed spherical micelles and the long PS block copolymers formed predominantly spherical micelles with smaller proportions of cylindrical and Y‐branched cylindrical micelles. Dynamic light scattering analysis results agreed with the TEM observations demonstrating variations in micelle size with PS and POEGMA chain length: the hydrodynamic diameters (DH) of the shorter PS block copolymer micelles increased with increasing POEGMA block lengths while maintaining similar PS micellar core diameters (DC); in contrast the values of DH and DC for the longer PS block copolymer micelles decreased. Surface‐pressure isotherms were recorded for two of the samples and these indicated close packing of a short PS block copolymer at the air–water interface. The aggregate solutions were demonstrated to be stable over a 38‐day period with no change in aggregate size or noticeable precipitation. The cloud point temperatures of certain block copolymer aggregate solutions were measured and found to be in the range 76–93 °C; significantly these were ∼11 °C higher in temperature than those of POEGMA homopolymer samples with similar chain lengths. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7739–7756, 2008  相似文献   

11.
Conformational behaviour of styrene-p-chlorostyrene diblock copolymers in cumene (a good solvent for polystyrene but a θ solvent for poly-p-chlorostyrene) was studied over the temperature range 15–60° by light scattering, osmotic pressure and intrinsic viscosity measurements. Two samples of copolymer (AB-4 and AB-2) were used. The composition of the samples was c. 50 mol% of styrene and the number-average molecular weights were 27.7 × 104 for the AB-4 and 19.5 × 104 for the AB-2. It was found that below 40° the number-average molecular weight of the AB-4 sample seemed to increase gradually with decreasing temperature and around 40°, marked decreases in the osmotic second virial coefficient and intrinsic viscosity were observed. The Zimm plot for the AB-2 sample was fairly normal at 40°. It seems that the temperature where an anomaly becomes evident in Zimm plots is dependent on the molecular weight of the sample. The experimental results for the diblock copolymers could be understood from the view that intermolecular association took place to some extent in the solutions on lowering the temperature giving rise to multi-molecular micelles.  相似文献   

12.
We synthesized three partially deuterated polymer samples, namely a poly(ethylene‐alt‐propylene) (EP) alternating copolymer, a poly(styrene‐b‐EP) diblock copolymer (SEP) and a poly(styrene‐b‐EP‐b‐styrene) triblock copolymer (SEPS). The 2H spin–lattice relaxation time, T1, of EP soft segments above their glass transition temperature was measured by solid‐state 2H NMR spectroscopy. It was found that the block copolymers had a fast and a slow T1 component whereas EP copolymer had only a fast component. The fast T1 components for SEP and SEPS are similar to the T1 value of EP above ca 20°C. The slow T1 component for SEP and SEPS exhibited a minimum at 60°C and approached the value of the fast component near the Tg of polystyrene. The motional behavior of the EP units for SEP is similar to that of SEPS over the entire range of temperature. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

13.
Summary: Pulse field gradient‐NMR (PFG‐NMR) spectroscopy is determined to be a more suitable method for the investigation of self‐association processes in multi‐component (co)polymer systems than light scattering methods. Here the co‐micellization of mixtures of the diblock copolymer polystyrene‐block‐(hydrogenated polyisoprene) (PS‐HPI) and the triblock copolymer polystyrene‐block‐(hydrogenated polybutadiene)‐block‐polystyrene (PS‐HPB‐PS) in decane is investigated by PFG‐NMR spectroscopy and the results compared to those experimentally determined by static (SLS) and dynamic (DLS) light scattering. As expected, diffusion coefficients determined by PFG‐NMR spectroscopy are systematically lower than those from DLS. The PFG‐NMR measurements provided higher values of cequation/tex2gif-stack-1.gif(X)/ctot than the model calculations, illustrating that the basic assumption used in the calculations, i.e., that the number concentration of co‐micelles in mixed solutions follows the dilution with a triblock copolymer solution, 1 − X, is not fully valid at high X (weight fraction of PS‐HPB) values.

Comparison of PFG‐NMR spectroscopy and SLS (cequation/tex2gif-stack-2.gif/ctot = equilibrium concentration of free PS‐HPB‐PS over the total concentration of copolymers in solution, X = weight fraction of PS‐HPB).  相似文献   


14.
A polystyrene‐block‐oligo(2‐tert‐butylbutadiene)‐block‐polystyrene triblock copolymer was prepared and cyclized by end‐to‐end ring closure. Ring‐shaped polystyrene‐block‐oligo(2‐tert‐butylbutadiene) was isolated from the coupling product via gel permeation chromatography (GPC) fractionation. The ring polymer was ozonized for decomposition of the oligo(2‐tert‐butylbutadiene) sequences selectively referring to the linear molecule. From GPC analysis of the decomposed products by ozonolysis, it was quantitatively confirmed that the fractionated product was 86% ring molecules. Single chain dimensions of the ring and linear molecules in a good solvent, benzene, and in a θ solvent, cyclohexane, were measured with small‐angle neutron scattering. The ratios of the radii of gyration, Rg(ring)/Rg(linear), were 0.780 in benzene and 0.789 in cyclohexane. These were compared with theoretically predicted values. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 1582–1589, 2002  相似文献   

15.
Films of polystyrene–polybutadiene–polystyrene (PS/PB/PS) triblock copolymer and polystyrene-poly(ethylene/propylene) (PS/PEP) diblock copolymer were cast from toluene solutions subjected to hydrodynamic flow at room temperature using a device based on a novel casting method we term ‘roll-casting.’ Polymer solutions were rolled between two corotating eccentric cylinders while at the same time the solvent was removed at a controlled rate. As the solvent evaporated, the block copolymers microphase separated into globally oriented structures. A discussion of the flow field that develops during roll-casting is presented and specific attention is given to the importance of the shear and elongation rates present. For the triblock and diblock, respectively, the processed structures consisted of polystyrene cylinders assembled on a hexagonal lattice in a polybutadiene matrix, and unidirectional lamellae of alternating polystyrene and polyethylene/propylene. Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated the near single-crystal structure both types of films. SAXS also showed the styrene cylinders and the alternating lamellae to be packed closer together in roll-cast films than in simple quiescently cast films. A molecular orientation mechanism is proposed to describe both these results as well as the changes in packing and in macroscopic sample dimensions measured after complete solvent evaporation and after sample annealing. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

16.
Solution property of hydrogenated polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene/butylene)‐b‐polystyrene triblock copolymer (SEBS copolymer) was studied by using static light scattering and dynamic light scattering for cyclohexane and N‐methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solutions. From the values of dimensionless parameters ρ, defined as the ratio of radius of gyration 〈S21/2 to hydrodynamic radius RH, and solubility parameters, SEBS copolymer proved to exist as single chain close to random coil in nonpolar cyclohexane, whereas aggregate into the core‐shell micelle consisting of poly(ethylene/butylene) (PEB) core surrounded by PS shell in polar NMP. The core‐shell micelle formed in NMP is composed of 65 polymer chains, having three times larger average chain density (d = 0.12 g cm?3) than a single polymer chain (d = 0.04 g cm?3) in cyclohexane. The comparison with the aggregation behaviors in other solvents demonstrated that the aggregate compactness of the copolymer depended largely on solvent polarity, resulting in formation of the highly dense PEB core (Rc = 4.5 nm) and the thick PS shell (ΔR = 22.9 nm) in high‐polar NMP. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 588–594, 2010  相似文献   

17.
Thermosensitive star-shaped poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (molar mass M≈21000 g mol?1) in D2O solution was studied by the static and dynamic light scattering methods. The behavior of the polymer investigated in deuterated water is similar qualitatively to that observed previously in undeuterated water. At the same time, the considerable quantitative changes of polymer behavior in D2O were seen. Deuterium substitution of solvent affects the phase transition temperature by decreasing its value by 1°C. The temperature interval of phase transition in D2O solution expands (by about 1°C) in comparison with that in H2O solution.  相似文献   

18.
The solution properties of poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) were studied with light scattering (LS), gel permeation chromatography/light scattering (GPC/LS), and viscometry methods. PDMS samples were fractionated, and the weight‐average molecular weights, second virial coefficient, and the z‐average radius of gyration of each fraction were found according to the Zimm method with the LS technique. In this work, the molecular weight range studied was 7.5 × 104 to 8.0 × 105. Molecular weights and molecular weight distributions were determined by GPC/LS. The intrinsic viscosities of these fractions were studied in toluene at 30 °C, in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) at 20 °C, and in bromocyclohexane (BCH) at 26 °C and 28 °C. The Mark–Houwink–Sakurada relationship showed that toluene was a good solvent, and MEK at 20 °C and BCH at 28 °C were θ solvents for PDMS. The unperturbed dimensions were calculated with LS and intrinsic viscosity data. The unperturbed dimensions, expressed in terms of the characteristic ratio, were found to be 6.66 with different extrapolation methods in toluene at 30 °C. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 2678–2686, 2000  相似文献   

19.
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐containing diblock and triblock copolymers were prepared by the combination of anionic ring‐opening polymerization (AROP) of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3) and nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) of methyl acrylate (MA), isoprene (IP), and styrene (St). The first step was the preparation of a TIPNO‐based alkoxyamine carrying a 4‐bromophenyl group. The alkoxyamine was then treated with Li powder in ether, and AROP of D3 was carried out using the resulting lithiophenyl alkoxyamine at room temperature, giving functional poly(D3) with Mw/Mn of 1.09–1.16. NMRPs of MA, St, and IP from the poly(D3) at 120 °C gave poly(D3b‐MA), poly(D3b‐St), and poly(D3b‐IP) diblock copolymers, and subsequent NMRPs of St from poly(D3b‐MA) and poly(D3b‐IP) at 120 °C gave poly(D3b‐MA‐b‐St) and poly(D3b‐IP‐b‐St) triblock copolymers. The poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐containing diblock and triblock copolymers were analyzed by 1H NMR and size exclusion chromatography. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 6153–6165, 2005  相似文献   

20.
ABA‐type triblock copolymers and AB‐type star diblock copolymers with poly(2‐adamantyl vinyl ether) [poly(2‐AdVE)] hard outer segments and poly(n‐butyl vinyl ether) [poly(NBVE)] soft inner segments were synthesized by sequential living cationic copolymerization. Although both the two polymer segments were composed solely of poly(vinyl ether) backbones and hydrocarbon side chains, they were segregated into microphase‐separated structure, so that the block copolymers formed thermoplastic elastomers. Both the ABA‐type triblock copolymers and the AB‐type star diblock copolymers exhibited rubber elasticity over wide temperature range. For example, the ABA‐type triblock copolymers showed rubber elasticity from about ?53 °C to about 165 °C and the AB‐type star diblock copolymer did from about ?47 °C to 183 °C with a similar composition of poly(2‐AdVE) and poly(NBVE) segments in the dynamic mechanical analysis. The AB‐type star diblock copolymers exhibited higher tensile strength and elongation at break than the ABA‐type triblock copolymers. The thermal decomposition temperatures of both the block copolymers were as high as 321–331 °C, indicating their high thermal stability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013  相似文献   

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