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1.
A thermodynamical analysing method is described of the deposition of binary solids ABx, which specially takes into account the influence of the coexistence equilibria in the A—B-system. This analysis is applicated to the Cu—O system. It permits to calculate the conditions, under which Cu2O is deposited without deposition of any other phases. The deposition of cuprous oxide by CTR-techniques is investigated using hydrogen halides as transport media. The experiments result in the growth of Cu2O-monocrystals (2 × 2 × 2 mm) only if HCl is used as transport medium. Using HI the simultaneous deposition of Cu2O and Cu is observed.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract  A pair of CuII coordination isomers [Cu(pmt)2] · 4H2O (1) and {[Cu(pmt)2] · 2H2O} n (2) [Hpmt = 2-(2-pyridylmethylamino) ethanesulfonic acid] have been prepared by reaction of the same proportion CuCl2 · 2H2O and Hpmt but with different experimental methods in water–methanol mixed solution, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectrum. X-ray analysis indicates that complex (1) is a mononuclear complex in which two deprotonated pmt ligands coordinate in a facial tridentate arrangement about the CuII atom. While complex (2) is a coordination polymer, in which four N atoms of pmt ligands coordinate to one CuII atom but its sulfonate O atoms bond to adjacent CuII atom. Thus 12-membered rings (–Cu–N–C–C–S–O–)2 are obtained between two neighbouring CuII atoms and they connect one another to form this new polymer. Crystal data: [Cu(pmt)2] · 4H2O (1), Mr = 566.10, monoclinic, P2 1/c, a = 9.1950(8) ?, b = 11.5093(10) ?, c = 11.2304(10) ?, β  = 105.5550(10)°, Z = 2, V = 1144.96(17) ?3, R 1  = 0.0407, wR 2  = 0.1242 [I > 2σ (I)]; {[Cu(pmt)2] · 2H2O} n (2), Mr = 530.07, triclinic, P-1, a = 7.6165(19) ?, b = 8.806(2) ?, c = 9.592(4) ?, α = 104.933(4)°, β = 106.732(4)°, γ = 109.503(3)°, Z = 1, V = 534.2(3) ?3, R 1 = 0.0470, wR 2 = 0.1082 [I > 2σ(I)]. Index Abstract  A pair of CuII coordination isomers [Cu(pmt)2] · 4H2O (1) and {[Cu(pmt)2] · 2H2O} n (2) [Hpmt = 2-(2-pyridylmethylamino) ethanesulfonic acid] have been prepared by reaction of the same proportion CuCl2 · 2H2O and Hpmt but with different experimental methods in water–methanol mixed solution.   相似文献   

3.
A phthalate-bridged copper(II) complex {[Cu(phth)(Phen)(H2O)] H2O}n (H2phth: phthalic acid, Phen: 1,10-phenanthroline) has been synthesized by the reaction of CuCl2 and phthalic acid in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline in aqueous solution. The crystal structure of the complex has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis to be orthorhombic, with the centrosymmetric space group Pbcm, where a = 11.6652(3) Å, b = 11.1709(3) Å, c = 14.0532(4) Å, V = 1831.28(9) Å3, Z = 4. The L2– (the acid radical of H2phth) ion is coordinated to the Cu2+ ion as a monodentate ligand. Each L2– ion bridges two adjacent Cu2+ ions with its two oxygen atoms from two carboxylic groups to form a one-dimensional zigzag chain. The coordination water and uncoordinated carboxylic oxygen atoms from neighboring chains are linked through hydrogen bonds to form a two-dimensional structure. There is a weak interaction between the coordination water molecule and the Cu2+ ion in the neighboring chain.  相似文献   

4.
Abstract  A new ternary mixed-ligand complex [Cu2(sal-glu)2(bipy)(H2O)2] · (H2O) (bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine and sal-glu = salicylaldehyde l-glutamic Schiff base) has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P-1 with a = 9.6199(13) ?, b = 9.9111(13) ?, c = 9.9167(13) ?. The amino acid Schiff base coordinates to the Cu(II) ion in a tridentate mode including phenol-hydroxyl oxygen, carboxyl oxygen and amide nitrogen atom, while the bipy coordinates in bidentate bridging mode linking two Cu(II) ions. The [Cu2(sal-glu)2(bipy)(H2O)2] units are linked into 1-D chain structure and the bipy molecules are interspersed into parallel sheets via intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The carboxyl oxygen atoms, phenolic oxygen atoms and water oxygen atoms are involved in the extensive intermolecular hydrogen bond network between the water molecules and phenol-hydroxyl oxygen atoms from salicylaldehyde derived ligand. Graphical Abstract  A new ternary mixed-ligand complex [Cu2(sal-glu)2(bipy)(H2O)2]·(H2O) (bipy = 4, 4′-bipyridine and sal-glu = salicylaldehyde l-glutamic Schiff base) crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P-1 with a = 9.6199(13) ?, b = 9.9111(13) ?, c = 9.9167(13) ?. The amino acid Schiff base coordinates to the Cu(II) ion in a tridentate mode including phenol-hydroxyl oxygen, carboxyl oxygen and amide nitrogen atom, while the bipy coordinates in bidentate bridging mode linking two Cu(II) ions. The [Cu2(sal-glu)2(bipy)(H2O)2] units are linked into 1-D chain structure and the bipy molecules are interspersed into parallel sheets via intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The carboxyl oxygen atoms, phenolic oxygen atoms and water oxygen atoms are involved in the extensive intermolecular hydrogen bond network between the water molecules and phenol-hydroxyl oxygen atoms from salicylaldehyde derived ligand.   相似文献   

5.
The title compound, Cu(H2O)6]Cl2.2{(CH2)6N4}.4H2O ( 1 ), has been prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions. Each CuII atom, located on a centre of symmetry, is coordinated by six water molecules in distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The hexamethylenetetramine molecule does not coordinate to the Cu atom but links with the Cu complex via three O—H…N hydrogen bonds. The remaining N atom of the hexamethylenetetramine is hydrogen‐bonded to the solvent water molecule. In the crystal structure, intermolecular O—H…O, O—H…N and O—H…Cl hydrogen bonds link the components into a three‐dimensional network. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

6.
Y. Wu  G.M. Song  Y. Umakoshi 《Journal of Non》2011,357(3):1136-1140
The crystallization behavior of Zr65.0Al7.5Ni10.0Cu17.5 metallic glasses by addition of Ni with 753 K annealing treatment and its effect on the oxidation resistance around the supercooled liquid region at 663 K were studied. By annealing at 753 K, the nanocrystalline phase of bct-Zr2Cu precipitates was observed in the Zr65.0Al7.5Cu27.5 specimen, while microstructures consisting of finer nanocrystalline bct-Zr2Cu, fcc-Zr2Ni and Zr6Al2Ni formed in the Zr65.0Al7.5Ni10.0Cu17.5 specimen. The oxidation resistance of the melt-spun Zr65.0Al7.5Ni10.0Cu17.5 specimen was improved by addition of Ni, which is evidenced by less mass gain and thin oxide scale. The microstructural refinement by the formation of numerous nanocrystalline phases of bct-Zr2Cu, fcc-Zr2Ni and Zr6Al2Ni from the matrix resulted in an improvement of the oxidation resistance, whereas a relative coarse nanocrystalline phase consisting of bct-Zr2Cu exhibited fast oxidation along grain boundaries. Although the oxide species for both specimens were composed of a large amount of CuO/Cu2O, some tetragonal and monoclinic-ZrO2 as well as a minor amount of the oxide state of Cu3+, the amount of oxides especially for ZrO2 in the Zr65.0Al7.5Ni10.0Cu17.5 specimen was lower, which was probably due to suppressed oxygen diffusion in ZrO2.  相似文献   

7.
The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined from three-dimensional, single crystal X-ray diffraction data. [Cu2Cl2(C13H12NO2)2]·2H2O crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with lattice constants,a=11.866(2),b=13.555(3),c=17.380(3) Å. Final full-matrix least-squares refinement of 3735 unique reflections yieldedR=0.054. The structure consists of dimeric C26H24Cl2Cu2N2O4 molecules and water molecules connected with the dimeric molecules by a hydrogen bond system. Both of the copper(II) centers are five-coordinated by twotrans oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom from one ligand molecule and two chloride ions. The geometry at each copper(II) center is best described as distorted tetragonal pyramidal. The apical Cu1–Cl2 and Cu2–C11 distances are 2.747(2) and 2.938(3)Å, respectively. The Cu...Cu separation is 3.496(1)Å. The comparison with previously reported crystal structure of [Cu2Cl2 (C13H12NO2)2]·1/2H2O is given.  相似文献   

8.
Results are reported for magnetic susceptibility measurements of high purity Cu2Sb which characterize it as a diamagnetic. The observed anomalies of magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and linear expansion coefficient in the neighbourhood of 370 K verify the existence of a phase transition of nonmagnetic origin in this temperature range. The analysis of the peculiarities of interatomic interaction in Cu2Sb indicates the covalent character of the bonding. The value of the strength of the Cu Cu and Cu Sb bond is evaluated. It is shown that the Cu Cu bond in the Cu2Sb compound is the most strong one.  相似文献   

9.
On the basis of the systematized data on the crystal structure of salts of the MeSO4 · nH2O type, where Me = Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Cu2+ and n = 0–7, it is established that the differences in the structures of given chemical type metal sulphate crystal hydrates are determined by the nature of the metal ion. The differences in the crystal structure of the heptahydrate, as well as the existence or non-existence of crystal hydrates of some of the ions considered are explained with the electron configuration of the metal ions. The deformation trend of the octahedral coordination of the metal ions considered increases in the following way:   相似文献   

10.
Cubic and octahedral Cu2O nano‐ and microcrystals were selectively synthesized via a simple wet chemical reduction route at room temperature, with CuCl2 and NaOH as starting reactants, and ascorbic acid or hydrazine hydrate as the reducer. Hydrazine hydrate could be preferentially adsorbed on different crystal faces of Cu2O, affecting the growth rate along the 〈100〉 to that along the 〈111〉 direction, which resulted in the formation of octahedral Cu2O crystals. When ascorbic acid was used as the reducer, the growth rate along the 〈100〉 to that along the 〈111〉 direction was different, which resulted in the formation of cubic Cu2O crystals. The size of cubic and octahedral Cu2O crystals could be varied by adjusting the molar ratio of OH to Cu2+. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

11.
The cross-polarization magic angle carbon-13 nmr spectra of a series of bis(xanthato) complexes of mercury(II) are reported; [Hg(S2COR)2] n R=Me, Et, n Pr and i Pr. The spectra correlate well with the known crystal structures of theR=Me, Et, and i Pr compounds and with that of theR= n Pr derivative for which a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study is also reported. The X-ray analysis of [Hg(S2CO n Pr)2] n shows that this compound adopts a two-dimensional structure comprised of connected 16-membered rings which arise as a result of bridgingn-propylxanthate ligands. The mercury atom lies on a crystallographic twofold axis of symmetry and exists in a distorted tetrahedral geometry with two unique Hg-S bond distances of 2.418(3) and 2.835(4) Å. Unit-cell dimensions for [Hg(S2CO n Pr)2] n are:a=7.371(3),b=8.534(4),c=11.618(4) A andZ=2 for the orthorhombic space groupP21212. The structure was refined by a full-matrix least-squares procedure to finalR=0.047 andR w =0.044 for 899 reflections withI2.5(I). While the solid state nmr spectra provide information on molecular (and crystallographic) symmetry they do not provide sufficient detail to enable structure determination for the [Hg(S2COR)2] compounds.  相似文献   

12.
The effect of Co addition (substituting for Ce) on crystallization behavior of Ce70Al10Cu20 amorphous alloys has been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Co addition has an obvious effect on topological short-range ordering of Ce–Al–Cu–(Co) amorphous alloys. Moreover, the Co addition can slightly improve the thermal stability of Ce–Al–Cu based amorphous alloys. The 1 and 3 at.% Co additions do not obviously change the crystallization behavior of the Ce–Al–Cu–(Co) amorphous alloys, and the final crystallization products are FCC–CeAlCu(Co)O. However, the 5 at.% Co addition can alter the crystallization behavior of the Ce70Al10Cu20 amorphous alloys. Proper content of Co can effectively suppress the formation of oxide phases during annealing of the Ce–Al–Cu–(Co) amorphous alloys.  相似文献   

13.
The reaction of [Bi2W22O74(OH)2]12– with Cu2+ in hot aqueous solution in the presence of Na+ affords the polyoxometalate salt Na12[Cu3Bi2W18O66]32H2O. Single-crystal X-ray analysis [monoclinic, space-group C2/m, a = 33.082(6) Å, b = 19.615(5) Å, c = 14.885(2) Å, = 90.632(12)°, Z = 4; R(F) = 0.065 for 6029 data with I> (I), wR(F 2) = 0.135 for all 8793 independent reflections] shows that the anion [{Cu(H2O)}3{BiW9O33}2]12–, on a crystal mirror-plane, has noncrystallographic symmetry close to D3h. Two B--[BiIIIW9O33]9– units are linked by an equatorial belt of three Cu(H2O)2+ units. Three Na(H2O)2 + units are also attached in the equatorial plane. The bond geometry is square-pyramidal about each Cu atom and trigonal–prismatic about each Na.  相似文献   

14.

Abstract  

Two new metal complexes supported by {VO3}n n− chains, [M(dpa)V2O6] (1, M = Zn2+; 2·H2O, M = Cu2+; dpa = 2,2′-dipyridylamine), have been synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by elemental analysis, TG analysis, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: [Zn(dpa)V2O6] 1, Triclinic, P-1, a = 9.663(7) ?, b = 10.617(7) ?, c = 15.114(10) ?, α = 105.678(10)°, β = 104.772(9)°, γ = 94.021(10)°, Z = 2; [Cu(dpa)V2O6]·H2O 2·H2O, Monoclinic, C2, a = 20.543(3) ?, b = 7.2460(9) ?, c = 10.4853(13) ?, β = 111.318(2)°, Z = 4. Complex 1 is constructed from sinusoidal {VO3}n n− chains with {Zn(dpa)}2+ fragments spanning the adjacent troughs and crests into an 1D ribbon-like structure. Complex 2 is built up by linking {VO3}n n− chains via pairs of symmetrical {Cu(dpa)}2+ fragments into a 2D layered structure. The Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions exhibit tetrahedral and square pyramidal coordination environments, respectively. The formation of the two isomers is attributed to the flexibility of {VO3}n n− chains and the different coordination configurations of the two metal ions. There exist significant π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions in complexes 1 and 2.  相似文献   

15.
《Journal of Non》2006,352(28-29):3015-3026
The crystallization behavior of Zr65.0Al7.5Cu27.5 (at.%) metallic glass with 753 and 1053 K annealing treatment and its effect on oxidation resistance around the supercooled liquid region at 623 and 663 K was studied. The crystalline phase of bct-Zr2Cu precipitates for the specimen annealed at 753 K was observed, while duplex structures of bct-Zr2Cu and Zr2Al formed in the specimen annealed at 1053 K. The oxidation resistance of the specimen depended on the amount of crystalline precipitates. Regardless of the exposure temperature, the annealed specimens showed higher oxidation resistance than the melt-spun one, especially for the specimen annealed at 1053 K. The formation of numerous crystalline phases of bct-Zr2Cu and Zr2Al from the matrix was responsible for improving the oxidation resistance due to their higher oxidation resistance and promotion of the development of Al2O3 and oxides of copper. The oxide constituents of the amorphous alloy after long exposure depended on the temperature. The oxide was composed of a large amount of CuO, some tetragonal and monoclinic-ZrO2 and a minor amount of Cu2O as well as a slight amount of Al2O3 for the melt-spun specimen during exposure at 623 K. Under the 663 K exposure, however, the oxide state of Cu3+ in the scale was also detected.  相似文献   

16.
Single‐crystal six‐horned nanospheres of Cu2O with a diameter of 760 nm in average were prepared in aqueous solution of CuCl2and NaOH by using ascorbic acid as the reductant in the presence of sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) at room temperature. The horn grows along the <100> direction, which is consistent with the protuberant direction of an apex of octahedron. The formation process of six‐horned nanospheres included two steps: the formation of Cu2O nanospheres via Ostwald ripening process, and the appearance of horns on the surface of nanospheres under low concentration of SDBS. As increasing the concentration of SDBS, the six‐horned nanospheres could be transformed into octahedron‐like Cu2O. And at the same concentration of SDBS, keeping the volume ratio of water and ethanol in mixed solutions as 1:1, Cu2O octahedra were obtained. Moreover, gas‐sensing property showed that six‐horned nanospheres of Cu2O had higher sensitivity compared with Cu2O nanospheres and Cu2O octahedra to ethanol gas (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

17.
A growth stability diagram for the CuNO system has been determined in the temperature range 250-500 °C for a thermally activated CVD process, based on copper (II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate (Cu(hfac)2), NH3 and H2O. Without any addition of water only Cu3N was obtained. Addition of water introduces oxygen into the Cu3N structure to a maximum amount of 9 at% at a water/nitrogen molar ratio of 0.36 at 325 °C. Above this molar ratio Cu2O starts to deposit, in addition to an oxygen doped Cu3N phase. Only Cu2O is deposited at large excess of water.  相似文献   

18.
X-ray powder diffraction data were obtained for Cu3In5Se9 and Cu3Te9, which were found to crystallize in orthorhombic and tetragonal systems, respectively. The electrical resistivities and Hall mobilities of these compounds were investigated in the temperature range 35–475 K. Cu3In5Se9, was identified to be n-type with a room temperature resistivity of 3 × 103 Ω·cm which decreases with increasing temperature. For T < 65 K impurity activation energy of 0.03 eV and for T > 350 K onset of intrinsic conduction yielding a band gap energy of 0.99eV were detected. The neutral impurity scattering was found to dominate at low temperatures, while in the high temperature region thermally activated mobility was observed. Cu3In5Te9 exhibits p-type conduction with a room temperature resistivity of 8.5 × 10−3 Ω·cm decreasing sharply above 400 K and yielding an impurity ionization energy of 0.13 eV. The temperature dependence of mobility indicates the presence of lattice and ionized impuritiy scattering mechanisms above and below 160 K, respectively.  相似文献   

19.

Abstract  

A one-dimensional chain compound was formed by copper (II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate (hfac) and nitroxide radical 2-(4-pyridyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-oxide (NITpPy). The product was structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. [Cu2(hfac)4NITpPy] n crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group with a = 19.70(2), b = 16.834(19), c = 15.274(18) ?, β = 119.073, V = 4427(9) ?3, Z = 4, R = 0.0699 wR 2 (all data) = 0.1752. In the compound, two different Cu(hfac)2 units are bridged by NITpPy. The nitrogen atom of pyridine ring is coordinated with Cu(II) ion to afford a three-spin complex. Cu(II) ions of Cu(hfac)2 and the oxygen atoms of nitronyl nitroxide formed weak coordination bonds with the bond length 2.495(8) ?.  相似文献   

20.
Both compounds of CuBr⋅C6H4N3(OC3H5) (sp. gr. P1, a = 7.633(1) Å, b = 9.987(1) Å, c = 14.898(2) Å, α = 104.75(1), β = 94.76(1), γ = 106.90(1)) (I) and 2CuCl⋅C6H4N3(OC3H5) (sp. gr. Cc, a = 11.2483(4) Å, b = 16.7076(6) Å, c = 7.2948(3) Å, β = 118.612(2)) (II) composition were prepared by alternating-current electrochemical synthesis. In I due to a bridging function of organic moieties 16-membered cycles appear which are combined into ribbons {Cu2Br2[(C6H4N3(OC3H5)]2}n. Each of two crystallographically independent copper atom possesses a trigonal-pyramidal arrangement with different degree of tetrahedral distortion. Distinctive numbers of hydrogen bonds around Br1 and Br2 atoms cause rather appreciable distinctions in copper–olefinic bond interaction effectiveness for each metal atom. In II Cu2Cl2 rhombs are joined to infinite chains oriented along [010] direction. Each ligand molecule is also coordinated through the C=C—bond of the allylic group to copper atom of one inorganic chain and through the nitrogen atom to a metal atom belonging to another copper-halide chain. Cu1 atoms is tetrahedrally surrounded by three chlorine atoms and nitrogen one, whereas a trigonal-planar arrangement of Cu2 atom is formed by two halogen atoms and slightly disordered olefinic group.  相似文献   

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