Compton散射下超强激光等离子体通道的演化

应用多光子非线性Compton散射模型、空间动态补偿模型、非线性薛定谔方程和数值模拟方法,研究了Compton散射对超强飞秒激光等离子体中通道的影响,提出了将Compton散射光作为形成等离子体通道的新机制,给出了超强飞秒激光脉冲在等离子体中传播和电子密度随时间变化的非线性修正方程,并进行了数值模拟。并研究发现：散射使等离子体中电子密度峰值增大1个量级,半径增大1mm。激光最大功率密度被限制在1018W/m2以下,随传输距离增大缓慢衰减。传输初始阶段,单脉冲衰减能量较散射前增大2%,之后衰减较平缓。通过增加超强飞秒激光脉冲输入功率,能有效地增加电子密度峰值,有利于等离子体通道的形成。并对所的结论给出了初步物理解释。     

Compton散射下超强激光等离子体通道的演化

应用多光子非线性Compton散射模型、空间动态补偿模型、非线性薛定谔方程和数值模拟方法,研究了Compton散射对超强飞秒激光等离子体中通道的影响,提出了将Compton散射光作为形成等离子体通道的新机制,给出了超强飞秒激光脉冲在等离子体中传播和电子密度随时间变化的非线性修正方程,并进行了数值模拟.研究发现:散射使等离子体中电子密度峰值增大1个量级,半径增大1 mm.激光最大功率密度被限制在10~(18)W/m~2以下,随传输距离增大缓慢衰减.传输初始阶段,单脉冲衰减能量较散射前增大2%,之后衰减较平缓.通过增加超强飞秒激光脉冲输入功率,能有效地增加电子密度峰值,有利于等离子体通道的形成.并对所的结论给出了初步物理解释.     

真空中不同极化电磁波在微波等离子体喷流中的衰减特性实验研究

在真空环境中，利用空间反射电磁波测量装置，开展微波等离子体喷流对垂直和水平极化电磁波衰减的实验研究，分析不同极化电磁波在等离子体中衰减的影响因素.实验结果表明：以氩气为工质，真空室中微波等离子体喷流对垂直和水平极化电磁波具有显著的吸收效应.发生器流量、功率以及实验真空度对垂直极化电磁波在等离子体中的衰减影响明显.真空度和发生器功率对水平极化电磁波没有显著影响. 关键词： 等离子体中的电磁波 等离子体基本性质 电磁波     

两间隙毛细管等离子体射流发生器主放电数值模拟

 消融放电毛细管等离子体发生器产生的等离子体射流具有密度高和温度相对低的特性,在许多领域都具有潜在的应用前景。利用1维流体模型对两间隙毛细管等离子体射流发生器的主放电特性进行了模拟计算分析。模型考虑了焦耳热效应和管壁烧蚀对放电特性的影响。在管壁消融这种反馈稳定机制作用下,毛细管放电处于准稳态,其产生的等离子体温度在放电期间保持恒定。在放电能量为1 kJ的条件下,聚乙烯毛细管等离子体温度可达3 eV,电子密度可达1025 m-3量级,射流速度接近10 km/s。改变放电输入的焦耳热功率密度,等离子体温度和速度变化较小,但气压、质量密度以及等离子体电子密度等特性参数均可以获得较大幅度的改变。     

发射光谱法研究纳秒激光烧蚀硅等离子体特性

利用调Q Nd3+∶YAG激光器三倍频355 nm激光脉冲烧蚀空气环境的硅样品,观测不同脉冲激光能量下产生的等离子体在380～420 nm范围内的时间-空间分辨等离子体发射光谱,观测到在等离子体羽膨胀初期存在N+发射光谱。在局域热力学平衡近似条件下,根据时间-空间分辨等离子体发射光谱计算得到等离子羽体电子温度和电子密度随时间延时存在二次指数衰减变化,等离子体羽体电子温度和电子密度的空间分布近似呈Lorentz分布,发现在确定激光脉冲能量下电子密度空间分布最大值偏离光谱强度最大空间位置并对产生原因进行分析,探讨了等离子体羽参数与激光脉冲能量的关系。     

不同电离度下大气等离子体粒子行为的数值模拟

利用一个空间零维大气等离子体模型对其中的主要粒子在不同电离度情况下的变化规律进行了研究.得到放电后不同初始电子密度下的电子寿命,同时给出了主要带电粒子和中性粒子密度随时间的演化.结果表明,电子密度随时间快速衰减,电子寿命随电离度的增大而减小.对一些重要的中性粒子(如O,N,O₃和NO)随电离度增大的行为进行了分析. 关键词： 电离度 大气等离子体 数值模拟     

直流辉光放电等离子体轴向动力学过程的研究

采用磁流体动力学理论,考虑了电子与中性粒子的非弹性碰撞,应用有限差分法研究了直流辉光放电氩等离子体的轴向动力学过程,得到了氩等离子体密度、输运速度、温度以及电位的轴向分布,发现了气体压强和电极间距的变化对阴极区的电子密度有较大的影响,而对阴极区的离子密度的影响甚微。 关键词：     

等离子体天线表面电流分布与辐射特性研究

建立了表面波驱动等离子体天线装置,提出了一种等离子体天线表面电流指数分布模型,并利用该表面电流分布模型计算了天线的辐射方向图.研究结果表明,等离子体密度随轴向距离的增大呈指数衰减趋势.正常工作状态下表面波波矢虚部随等离子体密度的增大而下降,遵循与等离子体密度类似的指数衰减规律,但其实部则基本保持不变.等离子体天线的表面电流呈振幅指数衰减行波模式.利用该表面电流分布模型计算得到的辐射方向图呈现典型的8字形分布,与实验测量结果良好符合.当射频功率减小,等离子体天线辐射方向图宽化.     

激光诱导空气等离子体光谱时间演化特性的研究

利用能量为150mJ和500mJ的激光击穿空气获得空气等离子体,依据光谱信息,计算得到等离子体电子温度,密度,并探讨了其时间的演化特性,证实：在此过程中,复合相比电离居于主导地位。同时,结果表明：随着延迟时间的增加,谱线强度在300 ns内迅速减小,之后缓慢减小;电子密度和谱线强度的变化规律基本一致;电子温度的衰减近似呈现指数拟合线型,并且激光能量越高,电子温度的衰减越慢。     

两级喇曼压缩系统配偏振干涉仪诊断等离子体电子密度

 在星光Ⅱ铷玻璃激光装置上,采用两级喇曼压缩系统产生的波长为308 nm的紫外光作为探针束,配合Nomarski偏振干涉仪对金平面靶冕区激光等离子体进行诊断。308 nm光具有波长短、亮度高、脉冲时间短、相干性好的优点,作为探针束诊断冕区产生的等离子体电子密度,可以与高功率激光装置打靶激光同步,实现有效地脉冲压缩,同时避免等离子体中谐波分量的干扰。实验获得了308 nm紫外探针光偏振干涉条纹图,在研究Abel反演算法的基础上,利用自行研制的基于Windows操作系统的实验数据处理软件,对实验数据进行了处理和分析,得到了冕区等离子体电子密度的空间分布。结果表明：两级喇曼压缩系统配偏振干涉能有效抑制主束谐波影响,以更高时间分辨测量等离子体的更高密度区域。     

Attenuation properties of EM wave by magnetized nonuniform plasma slab coated on perfect conductor plane

The total amplitude reflection coefficient of EM wave in a nonuniform plasma slab coated on perfect conductor plane is newly derived by using the scattering matrix method (SMM), and the attenuation is calculated. Three types of plasma electron density profile, that is the hyperbolic, sinusoidal, and linear profiles, are used. The external magnetic field and plasma parameters such as the maximum electron density and collision frequencies are discussed to calculate the attenuation of EM wave. The calculation results show that the plasma electron density profile and maximum electron density exert a large effect to the attenuation of EM wave and the attenuation under the uniform external magnetic field is taken place by the electron cyclotron resonance absorption, the up hybrid resonance absorption and geometric resonances absorption.     

电磁波在大气层人造等离子体中的衰减特性

利用洛沦兹模型来研究大气层人造非均匀等离子体的电磁响应特性,讨论了电磁波频率、等离子体密度及电子碰撞频率对电磁波衰减特性的影响.结果表明,电磁波在长波长区域及等离子体密度大时,其能量衰减越快.当等离子体密度高时,电子温度越低,大气层高度越高,电磁波的能量衰减越快. 关键词： 电磁波 大气等离子体 能量衰减     

Attenuation characteristics of obliquely incident electromagnetic wave in weakly ionized dusty plasma based on modified Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook collision model

The attenuation characteristics of obliquely incident electromagnetic(EM) wave in L-Ka frequency band in weakly ionized dusty plasma are analyzed based on the modified Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook(BGK) collision model.According to the kinetic equation and the charging theory,the total complex dielectric constant of the weakly ionized dusty plasma is derived by considering that the minimum velocity of the electron accessible to the dust particle surface is non-zero and the second potential part of the collision cross-section contributes to the charging.The attenuation characteristics within the modified model are compared with those within the traditional model.The influence of the dusty plasma parameters and the incident angle of EM waves on the attenuation in weakly ionized dusty plasma is further analyzed.Finally,the influence of different reentry heights on the attenuation characteristics of the obliquely incident EM wave is discussed.The results show that the effect of the minimum electron velocity and the second term of the collision cross-section on the attenuation characteristics of EM waves cannot be ignored.When the dust density and dust radius are changed,the trends of the attenuation of obliquely incident EM waves are consistent,but the influence of dust density is weaker than that of dust radius due to the constraint of orbit-limited motion(OLM) theory.The plasma thickness,electron density,and incident angle are proportional to the attenuation amplitude of EM waves.The effect of different reentry heights on the attenuation obliquely incident EM waves is related to the electron density and plasma thickness.     

进气道内衬筒形等离子体隐身性能三维模拟

针对飞机进气道等离子体隐身问题,建立了三维筒形进气道模型,采用有限元求解波动方程,计算了腔体内壁覆盖均匀等离子体时的雷达散射截面。研究表明:腔体内覆盖等离子体时可以有效吸收入射电磁波能量;吸收随电磁波频率增加而减弱,但由于腔体结构作用,会存在几个吸收峰;吸收随电子数密度增加而增强,但电子数密度过高时,吸收效果会变差;最佳碰撞频率虽然与电磁波频率和电子数密度有关,但其值可约为9GHz;吸收随等离子体厚度增加而变大,但在较大电子数密度时,由于电磁波在等离子体与空气交界面处反射导致厚度增加,从而使得吸收变小;选取合适的入射角度和等离子体数密度可以在1~3GHz频段实现明显的隐身效果。     

Inverse Bremsstrahlung absorption coefficient in inhomogeneous plasma with nonextensive electron velocity distribution and Tsallis exponential electron density profile

Inverse bremsstrahlung (collisional) absorption of the laser beam is studied in plasma with a generalized (q-nonextensive) electron velocity distribution and some kind of generalized electron density profile. It is shown that for some values of parameters designating the q-nonextensive electron velocity distribution function and its generalized density profile, the calculated absorption coefficient reduces to the already known cases with Maxwellian velocity distribution with linear and exponential density profiles.     

Anomalous Diffusion in a Linear Plasma Generator

Plasma production and particle transport of the magnetized plasma in the linear device PSI‐2 are investigated by analyzing the radial density and electron temperature pro.les obtained from Langmuir probe measurements. Additional information on the atomic (H) and proton temperatures is obtained from high resolution Doppler spectroscopy. The density profiles are found to be hollow, but do extend radially far beyond the visible rim with an exponential decay length of 3 cm. They can be explained by parallel and perpendicular diffusion in combination with a cylindrical source extending along the magnetic field all over the device. A large perpendicular diffusion coefficient in the range of 5 m²/s is inferred from the experimental results. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Effects of relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearities on the interaction of high-power laser beam with an inhomogeneous warm plasma

The influence of relativistic-ponderomotive nonlinearities and the plasma inhomogeneity on the nonlinear interaction between a high-power laser beam and a warm underdense plasma are studied. It is clear that the relativistic ponderomotive force and the electron temperature modify the electron density distribution and consequently change the dielectric permittivity of the plasma. Therefore, by presenting the modified electron density and the nonlinear dielectric permittivity of the warm plasma, the electromagnetic wave equation for the propagation of intense laser beam through the plasma is derived. This nonlinear equation is numerically solved and the distributions of electromagnetic fields in the plasma, the variations of electron density, and plasma refractive index are investigated for two different background electron density profiles. The results show that the amplitude of the electric field and electron density oscillations gradually increase and decrease, during propagation in the inhomogeneous warm plasma with linear and exponential density profiles, respectively, and the distribution of electron density becomes extremely sharp in the presence of intense laser beam. It is also indicated that the electron temperature and initial electron density have an impact on the propagation of the laser beam in the plasma and change the plasma refractive index and the oscillations' amplitude and frequency. The obtained results indicate the importance of a proper choice of laser and plasma parameters on the electromagnetic field distributions, density steepening, and plasma refractive index variations in the interaction of an intense laser beam with an inhomogeneous warm plasma.     

Particle Simulation of Relativistic Laser Pulse Density Channeling

Two-dimensional particle simulation is carried out to study the interaction between a high-intensity finite-size spot laser beam and a plasma with linear density profile. The laser is allowed to propagate in underdense corona until it is cut off near the critical surface. The intense laser can drive various instabilities through particle collective motion and result in electron heating,while relativistic effect and ponderomotive force can bring strong energy absorption and electron heating in the overdense region. As the laser beam is nonuniform in the transverse direction,a density channel forms and hole boring effect occurs as a result of strong ponderomotive force pushing particle outwards. These processes can be investigated well by particle simulation.     

Particle Simulation of Relativistic Laser Pulse Density Channeling

1IntroducionThereiScurrentlymuhinterestintheinteractionofhighintensityultrashortlaserpulseswhhplasIna.ThisispartiyduetoaVallabilityoflaserscaPableofdeliveriflgintensihesaboVe1o"WcmzandtheadvntofthefastightorconePtinthecontextofinertialcoofnementfuAn.ThkeyconceptofthefastwttionistoheatthecomressedcorebythesuPrathermalelectronsandtheenergeticbogeneratedbyaveryintensepulse,afterthemainlaserpulsehascomPletedtheimPIosdri.Toachievethis,itisneededthatachannelingintenselaserpulsepenetratesasclose…     

霍尔推进器中磁化二次电子对鞘层特性的影响

为进一步研究霍尔推进器壁面二次电子发射对推进器性能的影响,采用流体模型数值模拟了二次电子磁化效应的等离子体鞘层特性.得到二次电子磁化鞘层的玻姆判据.讨论了不同的磁场强度和方向、二次电子发射系数以及不同种类等离子体推进器的鞘层结构.结果表明:随器壁二次电子发射系数的增大,鞘层中粒子密度增加,器壁电势升高,鞘层厚度减小;鞘层电势及粒子密度随着磁场强度和方位角的增加而增加;而对于不同种类的等离子体,壁面电势和鞘层厚度也不同.这为霍尔推进器的磁安特性实验提供了理论解释. 关键词： 霍尔推进器 磁鞘 二次电子