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1.
The molecular structure of 3-methylthiophene
has been determined by gas electron diffraction (GED) combined with microwave (MW) spectroscopic data. Ab initio calculations at the HF/3–21G* level were carried out and used as structural constraints in the data analysis. The torsional vibration of the methyl group was treated as a large-amplitude motion. The structural parameters were determined to be: rg(S---C2) = 1.719(2) Å, rg(C2=C3) = 1.370(3) Å, rg(C3---C6) = 1.497(6) Å, rg(C2---H) = 1.101(5) Å, CSC = 91.6(2)°, SC 2C 3 = 113.3(5)°, SC 5C 4 = 111.3(3)°, C 2C 3C 6 = 123.2(11)° and C 3C 6H = 112(2)°. The values of r(S---C 2) - r(S=C 5) and r(C 2=C 3)- r(C 4 =C 5) were fixed at the 3–21G* value of 0.002 Å. Parenthesized values are the estimated limits of error (3σ) referring to the last significant digit. 相似文献
2.
In order to complete the rs structure of chlorobenzene given in a preceding paper, a variety of isotopic species of this molecule were synthesized and their microwave spectra studied. This made twenty isotopic species available, enabling the determination of the geometrical parameters by a least squares method. Fitting only differences of moments of inertia either for monosubstituted species or to multiply substituted species gave the same result. They hardly differ from the ro values and agree with the rs values obtained by the Kraitchman equations. The resulting error limits were reduced, however. The following structural parameters were obtained, C1C2 = 1.399 Å, C2C3 = 1.386 Å, C3C4 = 1.3976 Å, C1Cl = 1.7248 Å, C2H2 = 1.080 Å, C3H3 = 1.081 Å, C4H4 = 1.081 Å, C6C1C2 = 120° 16, C1C2C3 = 119°78, C2C3C4 = 120°24, C3C4C5 = 119°80, C1C2H2 = 119°45, C2C3H3 = 119°76. The structure of the ring differs significantly from C6 symmetry. The deformation can be regarded as a compression of the position C1 while the angle of C2H2 bond is also changed. 相似文献
3.
Dichlorotetramethyldisiloxane is studied by gas-phase electron diffraction at room temperature. The least-squares values of the bond distances ( rg) and bond angles ( ) are: r(C---H)=1.084(5) Å, r(Si---O) = 1.624(2) Å, r(Si---C) = 1.852(2) Å, r(Si---Cl) = 2.067(2) Å, SiOSi = 154.0° (1.5), ClSiO = 110.2° (0.8), ClSiC = 109.6°(0.7), HCSi = 111.7°(1.5), OSiC = 110.0°(0.8), τ 1 (zero corresponds to the Si---Cl bond trans to the Si---O---Si linkage) = 78°(6) and τ 2 = 141°(19). A two-conformer model cannot be ruled out. 相似文献
4.
The molecular structure of trichloronitromethane has been studied in the gas phase using electron diffraction data. The molecules are found to undergo low barrier rotation about the CN bond with a planar CNO 2 moiety in agreement with HF/MP2/B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) calculations. The experimental data are consistent with a dynamic model using a potential function for the torsion of V = ( V6/2)(1 − cos 6 τ). The major geometrical parameters ( rg and ) for the eclipsed form, obtained from least squares analysis of the data are as follows: r(NO 3) = r(NO 4) = 1.213(2) Å, r(CN) = 1.592(6) Å, r(CCl) av = 1.749(1) Å, Cl 5CN/Cl 6CN = 109. 6°/106.3°(2), O 3NC/O 4NC = 117. 6°/114.1°(4), τCl 5C 1N 2O 3 = 0.0°, and V6 = 0.20(25) kcal/mol. 相似文献
5.
The molecular structure of gaseous epichlorohydrin has been investigated using electron diffraction data obtained at 67°C. The conformational composition at this temperature is such that the molecules exist predominantly in a gauche-2 conformer (where the C---Cl bond is 160° away from the C---O) bond). Refinements showed that 33% (σ = 4) of the molecule exist in the gauche-1 form. The important distances ( rg) and angle () with the associated uncertainties are r(C---H) = 1.095(5) Å, r(C---O) = 1.442(3) Å, r(C---C) = 1.475(8) Å, r(C---C M) = 1.523(7) Å, r(C---Cl) = 1.788(2) Å, CCO = 114° (1), CCC M = 119°(1), ClCC = 108.9° (7), and Tau(ClCCO) = −150°(10) ( gauche-2) and Tau(ClCCO) = 78° (10) ( gauche-1). 相似文献
6.
Organolanthanide chloride complexes [(CH 3OCH 2CH 2C 5H 4) 2Ln(μ-Cl)] 2 (Ln = La, Pr, Ho and Y) react with excess NaH in THF at 45°C to give the dimeric hydride complexes [(CH 3OCH 2CH 2C 5H 4) 2Ln(μ-H)] 2, which have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR, MS and XPS spectroscopy, elemental analyses and X-ray crystallography. [(CH 3OCH 2CH 2C 5H 4) 2Y(μ-H)] 2 crystallizes from THF/n-hexane at −30°C, in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 8.795(2) Å, b = 11.040(1) Å, c = 16.602(2) Å, = 93.73(1)°, β = 91.82(1)°, γ = 94.21(1)°, Dc = 1.393 gcm −3 for Z = 2 dimers. However, crystals of [(CH 3OCH 2CH 2C 5H 4) 2Ho(μ-OH)] 2 were obtained by recrystallization of holmium hydride in THF/n-hexane at −30°C, in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 11.217(2) Å, b = 15.865(7) Å, c = 17.608(4) Å, Dc = 1.816 gcm −3 for Z = 4 dimers. In the complexes of yttrium and holmium, each Ln atom of the dimers is coordinated by two substituted cyclopentadienyl ligands, one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms (for the Y atom) or two hydroxyl groups (for the Ho atom) to form a distorted trigonal bipyramid if the C(η 5)-bonded cyclopentadienyl is regarded as occupying a single polyhedral vertex. 相似文献
7.
The structure of cyclopentadienyl(duroquinone)cobalt dihydrate, (C 5H 5)Co-[(CH 3) 4C 6O 2]·2H 2O, has been determined by three-dimensional X-ray analysis. The crystal structure consists of discrete cyclopentadienyl(duroquinone)cobalt molecules linked together by a complex network of hydrogen bonds between water molecules and duroquinone oxygen atoms. Each (C 5H 5)Co[(CH 3) 4C 6O 2] molecule consists of a cobalt atom sandwiched between a cyclopentadienyl ring and a duroquinone ring. A detailed comparison of the molecular parameters of this complex with those of closely related complexes is given. Crystallographic evidence that the metal---duroquinone interaction in cyclopentadienyl(duroquinone)cobalt dihydrate is considerably stronger than that in the electronically-equivalent 1,5-cyclooctadiene(duroquinone)nickel complex is given not only by the metal---C(olefin) distances being 0.12 Å (av) shorter in the duroquinone---cobalt complex [ viz., 2.104(8) Å vs. 2.222(7) Å] but also by the much greater C2v-type distortion of the duroquinone ring from the planar D2h configuration in free duroquinone. The compound crystallizes with two formula species in a triclinic unit cell of symmetry P
and reduced cell dimensions á = 8.60 Å, b = 9.00 Å, c = 10.15 Å, = 87° 34′, β = 84° 10′, γ = 73° 44′. Least-squares refinement yielded final unweighted and weighted discrepancy factors of R1 = 10.8% and R2 = 12.0%, respectively, for 2481 independent diffraction maxima collected photographically. 相似文献
8.
A gas phase electron diffraction study of 3-bromo-2-methyl-1-propene shows that there is predominantly a gauche conformer present. Data recorded at 20 and 180°C show 4(8) and 5(4)% respectively of a second confomer with a planar heavy atom skeleton. The gauche structural results in terms of ra distances and angles at 20°C were found to be: r(C---C) = 1.331(9) Å, r(C---CH 2Br) = 1.484(6) Å, r(C---CH 3) — r(C---CH 2Br) = 0.017 Å, (assumed), r(C---Br) = 1.965(6) Å, C=C---CH 2Br = 121.5(0.7)°, C=C---CH 2Br — C=C---CH 3 = 0.7° (constraint from molecular mechanics calculation), C---C---Br = 112.2(0.5)°, torsional ANGLE = 112.5(2.2)°. Uncertainties are given as 2σ, where σ includes uncertainties due to correlation among observations, electron wavelength and other parameters used in the data reduction. The results obtained from the 180°C data agree very well with those given above. The molecular mechanics calculations yield information consistent with the experimental results. 相似文献
9.
The molecular structure of 1,1,2,2-tetrabromodisilane has been investigated using gas-phase electron diffraction data obtained at 110°C. At this temperature the molecules exist as a mixture of about equal parts ( X = 0.5 ±0.2) of the two conformers with the H---Si---Si---H torsion angle equal to 180° ( anti) or 60° ( gauche). Assuming that the two conformers differ in their geometries only in the torsion angle φ, some of the important distance ( ra) and angle ( ) parameters are: r(Si---Si) = 2.349(19) Å, r(Si---Br) = 2.205(5) Å, r(Si---H) = 1.485 Å (assumed), Br---Si---Br = 110.1(1.6)°, Si---Si---Br = 107.1(1.2)° Si---Si---H = 108.6° (assumed). The error limits are 2σ. The observed conformational composition ( Xanti = 0.5(0.2)) corresponds to an energy difference between the conformers of Δ E = E( gauche) — E( anti) = 0.5 ± 0.6 kcal mol −1, assuming Δ S = Rln2. 相似文献
10.
The crystal structures of pharmaceutical product mesalazine (marketed also under different proprietary names as Salofalk, Asacol, Asacolitin, and Claversal) and its hydrochloride are reported. In the crystal mesalazine is in zwitterion form as 5-ammoniosalicylate (1) whereas mesalazine hydrochloride crystallizes in an ionized form as 5-ammoniosalicylium chloride (2). Compound 1 (C 7H 7O 3N) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1/ n with a = 3.769(1) Å, b = 7.353(2) Å, c = 23.475(5) Å, β = 94.38(2)°, V = 648.7(8) Å 3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.568 g cm −3 and μ( MoK) = 1.2 cm −1. Compound 2 (C 7H 8O 3NCl) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P
with a = 4.4839(2) Å, b = 5.7936(2) Å, c = 15.6819(5) Å, = 81.329(3)°, β = 88.026(3)°, γ = 79.317(4)°, V = 395.74(3) Å 3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.591 g cm −3 and μ(CuK) = 40.8 cm −1. The crystal structures were solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.041 for 1 and 0.028 for 2, using 607 and 1374 observed reflections, respectively. The configuration of both molecules, with the ortho hydroxyl to a carboxyl group, favours the intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Very complex systems of intermolecular hydrogen bonds were observed in both crystal packings. They are discussed in terms of graph-set notation. The mesalazine crystal structure is characterized by two-dimensional network of hydrogen bonds in the ab plane. The crystal structure pattern of mesalazine hydrochloride is a three-dimensional network significantly supported by N +---HCl − interactions. 相似文献
11.
The crystal structures of propionaldehyde complex ( RS, SR)-(η 5-C 5H 5)Re(NO)(PPh 3)(η 2-O=CHCH 2CH 3)] + PF 6− (1b + PF 6s−; monoclinic, P2 1/ c (No. 14), a = 10.166 (1) Å, b = 18.316(1) Å, c = 14.872(2) Å, β = 100.51(1)°, Z = 4) and butyraldehyde complex ( RS, SR)-[(η 5-C 5H 5)Re(NO)(PPh 3)(η 2-O=CHCH 2CH 2CH 3)] + PF 6− (1c +PF 6−; monoclinic, P2 1/ a (No. 14), a = 14.851(1) Å, b = 18.623(3) Å, c = 10.026(2) Å, β = 102.95(1)°, Z = 4) have been determined at 22°C and −125°C, respectively. These exhibit C
O bond lengths (1.35(1), 1.338(5) Å) that are intermediate between those of propionaldehyde (1.209(4) Å) and 1-propanol (1.41 Å). Other geometric features are analyzed. Reaction of [(η 5-C 5H 5)Re(NO)(PPh 3)(ClCH 2Cl)] + BF 4− and pivalaldehyde gives [(η 5-C 5H 5)Re(NO)(PPh 3)(η 2-O=CHC(CH 3) 3)] +BF 4− (81%), the spectroscopic properties of which establish a π C
O binding mode. 相似文献
12.
The molecular structure of 4,4′-sulfanidyl-bis-thiophenol (C 12H 10S 3) has been determined by gas electron diffraction. Assuming identical geometry and D2h local symmetry for ---SC 6H 4S--- moieties, the following bond lengths ( rg) and bond angles were obtained: C---H = 1.101 ± 0.005, S---H = 1.388 ± 0.019, (C---C) mean = 1.400 ± 0.003, (S---C) mean = 1.778 ± 0.004 Å, C ar---S---C ar = 103.5 ± 1.3, C---C(S)---C = 120.4 ± 0.3, C(H)---C(H)---H = 119.1 ± 0.9 and C---S---H = 94.6 ± 3.1°. Two ratational forms were found to reproduce the experimental data, characterized by dihedral angles of the benzene rings with respect to the C arSC ar plane; 1 = 67.8 ± 2.0°, 2 = 4.5 ± 7.2°, and 1 = 69.4 ± 2.0δ, 2 = −26.6 ± 7.1°. Identical signs of 1 and 2 indicate that the two benzene rings are rotated in the same direction about the respective S central---C axes. 相似文献
13.
The XeOSeF 5+ cation has been synthesized for the first time and characterized in solution by 19F, 77Se and 129Xe NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by X-ray crystallography and Raman spectroscopy with AsF 6− as its counter anion. The X-ray crystal structures of the tellurium analogue and of the Xe(OChF 5) 2 derivatives have also been determined: [XeOChF 5][AsF 6] crystallize in tetragonal systems, P4/ n, a=6.1356(1) Å, c=13.8232(2) Å, V=520.383(14) Å 3, Z=2 and R1=0.0453 at −60°C (Te) and a=6.1195(7) Å, c=13.0315(2) Å, V=488.01(8) Å 3, Z=2 and R1=0.0730 at −113°C (Se); Xe(OTeF 5) 2 crystallizes in a monoclinic system, P2 1/ c, a=10.289(2) Å, b=9.605(2) Å, c=10.478(2) Å, β=106.599(4)°, V=992.3(3) Å 3, Z=4 and R1=0.0680 at −127°C; Xe(OSeF 5) 2 crystallizes in a triclinic system,
, a=8.3859(6) Å, c=12.0355(13) Å, V=732.98(11) Å 3, Z=3 and R1=0.0504 at −45°C. The energy minimized geometries and vibrational frequencies of the XeOChF 5+ cations and Xe(OChF 5) 2 were calculated using density functional theory, allowing for definitive assignments of their experimental vibrational spectra. 相似文献
14.
The molecular structure and conformational properties of O=C(N=S(O)F 2) 2 (carbonylbisimidosulfuryl fluoride) were determined by gas electron diffraction (GED) and quantumchemical calculations (HF/3-21G* and B3LYP/6-31G*). The analysis of the GED intensities resulted in a mixture of 76(12)% syn– syn and 24(12)% syn– anti conformer (Δ H0= H0( syn– anti)− H0( syn– syn)=1.11(32) kcal mol −1) which is in agreement with the interpretation of the IR spectra (68(5)% syn– syn and 32(5)% syn– anti, Δ H0=0.87(11) kcal mol −1). syn and anti describe the orientation of the S=N bonds relative to the C=O bond. In both conformers the S=O bonds of the two N=S(O)F 2 groups are trans to the C–N bonds. According to the theoretical calculations, structures with cis orientation of an S=O bond with respect to a C–N bond do not correspond to minima on the energy hyperface. The HF/3-21G* approximation predicts preference of the syn– anti structure (Δ E=−0.11 kcal mol −1) and the B3LYP/6-31G* method results in an energy difference (Δ E=1.85 kcal mol −1) which is slightly larger than the experimental values. The following geometric parameters for the O=C(N=S) 2 skeleton were derived ( ra values with 3 σ uncertainties): C=O 1.193 (9) Å, C–N 1.365 (9) Å, S=N 1.466 (5) Å, O=C–N 125.1 (6)° and C–N=S 125.3 (10)°. The geometric parameters are reproduced satisfactorily by the HF/3-21G* approximation, except for the C–N=S angle which is too large by ca. 6°. The B3LYP method predicts all bonds to be too long by 0.02–0.05 Å and the C–N=S angle to be too small by ca. 4°. 相似文献
15.
Gaseous 3-chloro-1-butene has been studied experimentally by electron diffraction (ED) at 20 and 180°C, and at these temperatures, 76(10)% and 62(10)%, respectively, of the most stable conformer i.e. the one having a hydrogen atom eclipsing the double bond, were found. The conformer with the chlorine atom eclipsing the C=C bond was also present. However, from the experimental data it was not possible to establish conclusive evidence for the conformer with an eclipsed CH 3 group. Molecular mechanics (MM) calculations and ab initio calculations using a 4-21 basis set were carried out with complete geometry optimization, and calculated parameters from each of the methods were used in combination with the ED data. Such calculations indicated the existence of all three conformers mentioned above. Least-squares analysis including constraints from the ab initio calculation gave as a result the following molecular structure ( ra distances and ??? angles) for the predominant conformer: r(C=C) = 1.337(6) Å, r(=C---C) = 1.503(4) Å, r(C---CH 3) = 1.522 Å, R(C---Cl) = 1.813(4) Å, < r(C---H)> = 1.089(18) Å, ???C=C---C = 122.9(2.1)°, ???C---C---C = 112.6(2.2)°, ???=C---C---Cl = 109.9(0.2)°, ???Cl---C---CH 3 = 109.3°. ?? C=C---H> = 121.9° and ?? C---C---H> = 110.0(1.3)°. The torsional angles were then τ(C=C---C---Cl> = −119.4° and τ(C=C---C---CH 3) = 120.3(2.1)°. Error limits are 2σ (σ includes estimates of systematic errors and correlations), parameters without quoted uncertainties are dependent or were constrained relative to another parameter. Combining the ED data with MM results yielded parameters consistent with those given above. 相似文献
16.
The gas phase molecular structure of methyl vinyl ether at room temperature has been studied by joint analysis of electron diffraction and microwave data. Constraints on geometrical and thermal parameters were derived from the geometry and force field of the s-cis form, obtained by ab-initio calculations (4–21 G basis set) after complete geometry relaxation. A range of models was investigated that fits all available data (infrared, microwave and electron diffraction). The following rg/ r-parameters were obtained: C=C: 1.337 Å, C( sp2)---O: 1.359 Å, C( sp3)---O: 1.427 Å, : 1.102 Å C=C---O : 127.3° and COC: 116.8°. Experimental rg---re (ab initio) corrections are given for C=C, C(sp2)---O and Csp3)---O.This investigation demonstrates that molecular orbital constrained electron diffraction is sufficiently reliable and in such a manner that it can be applied to more complicated problems. 相似文献
17.
A series of primary amido gallium alkyl complexes that includes a base free dimer, [ tBu 2Ga(μ-N(H) tBu)] 2 (1), Lewis base stabilized monomeric complexes, nBu 2Ga(N(H) tBu)(THF) (2) and nBu 2Ga[NH(2,6-Me 2C 6H 3)]py (3) and an anionic complex, nBu 2Ga[NH(2,6-Me 2C 6H 3)] 2[Li(Et 2O)] (4) is reported. Complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 ( a = 10.265(5) Å, B = 15.752(6) Å, C = 8.932(4) Å, = 90.32(3)°, β = 105.61(3)°, γ = 88.24(4)°) with two molecules, each residing on an inversion center, in the asymmetric unit. Structural analysis revealed a planar Ga 2N 2 core with both the bridging N and the Ga centers in distorted tetrahedral environments (Ga---C distances 2.052(3)-2.065(3) Å and Ga---N distances 2.060(3)-2.069(3) Å). The use of excess amido ligand allowed the isolation and crystallization of 4. Complex 4 crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/ n ( a = 8.666(2) Å, B = 22.305(3) Å, C = 15.570(3) Å, β = 103.47(2)) with Z = 4. The pseudotetrahedral gallium center has a coordination sphere composed of two amido ligands (Ga---N1 = 2.011(8) Å, Ga---N2 = 2.006(7) Å), and two nBu ligands (Ga---C17 = 2.002(9) Å Ga---C21 = 1.985(12) Å). A bridging interaction of the lithium cation with the lone pair of electrons on each of amido nitrogen atoms generates a molecular core which is made up of a planar Ga---N1---Li---N2 distorted square (N1---Gal---N2 94.4°, Gal---N2---Lil 86.2°, N1---Li1---N2 92.2°, Gal---N1---Li1 87.1°). 相似文献
18.
Two nickel (imidazole) complexes, Ni(im) 6Cl 2·4H 2O (1) and Ni(im) 6(NO 3) 2 (2) (im=imidazole) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, TG and single crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with a=8.800(6) Å, b=9.081(6) Å, c=10.565(7) Å, =75.058(9)°, β=83.143(8)°, γ=61.722(8)°, V=718.3(8) Å 3, Z=1 and R1 ( wR2)=0.0469 (0.1497). 2 crystallizes in the trigonal space group R-3 with a=12.370(6) Å, b=12.370(6) Å, c=14.782(14) Å, =90.00°, β=90.00°, γ=120.00°, V=1959(2) Å 3, Z=3 and R1 ( wR2)=0.0358 (0.0955). 1 and 2 exhibit different supramolecular network due to their different counter anions and different hydrogen bonding connection. In compound 1, [Ni(im) 6] 2+ cation and counter anions Cl − alternatively array in an ABAB fashion via N–HCl hydrogen bonding. In compound 2, the plane of each NO 32− is almost parallel and each NO 32− connect three different [Ni(im) 6] 2+ cations via N–HO hydrogen bonding. 相似文献
19.
The new host 1,4,11,14-tetramethoxy-dibenzo[b,n]tetraphenylene forms a 1:1 inclusion compound with pyridine, in which a pair of centrosymmetrically-related guest species are enclosed in the cage surrounded by six host molecules. C 36H 28O 4·C 5H 5N, FW=603.68, triclinic, space group P-1, a=11.796(2), b=16.075(3), c=9.004(2) Å; =98.39(3)°, β=90.01(3)°, γ=108.19(3)°, V=1602.8(5) Å 3, Z=2, F(000)=636, Dc=1.251 g/cm 3, μ=0.080 mm −1. The final R indices [ I>2σ( I)] R1=0.0759, wR2=0.1970 for 5623 MoK observed data. 相似文献
20.
A series of new 2D-layered structural rare-earth coordination polymers with the general formal [Ln(C 8H 4O 5)(H 2O) 5]·(H 2O)·(C 8H 4O 5) 1/2 (Ln=Eu for (1); Gd for (2); Tb for (3); Dy for (4); and Er for (5)) have been yielded by hydrothermal synthesis. The coordination polymers crystallize in monoclinic space group C/2c with a=19.838(16), b=10.529(8), c=17.752(14) Å, β=107.503(14)° for (1), with a=19.823(7), b=10.552(4), c=17.762(6) Å, β=107.443(6)° for (2), with a=19.770(4), b=10.519(2), c=17.698(4) Å, β=107.52(3)° for (3), with a=19.632(2), b=10.492(2), c=17.617(3) Å, β=107.470(12)° for (4), with a=19.648(7), b=10.480(3), c=17.598(6) Å, β=107.502(6)° for (5), respectively. And the metal ions (Ln 3+) are located in nine-member coordination environment. The carboxyl groups from 5-hydroxyisophthalate chelate the metal ions to form 1D helical cation chains. It is interesting that these helical cation chains are arranged to form 2D anion–cation layers by the uncoordinated ligands' anions as template. And the luminescence properties of the rare-earth ions are studied in the paper. 相似文献
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