Abelian groups as UA-modules over the ring ℤ

Let V be a module over a ring R. Themodule V is called a unique addition module (a UA-module) if there is no new addition on the set V without changing the action of R on V. In the paper, the UA-modules over the ring ? are found.     

ℤ/2ℤ Invariants of the free fermion algebra

By using quantum vertex operators we study the invariance of the rank n free-fermion vertex algebra under the action of the group ?∕2? and obtain its minimal generating set. When n = 1, it is well known that this subalgebra is isomorphic to the Virasoro vertex algebra with central charge 1∕2. In the n = 2 case we show that invariant subalgebra is isomorphic to a simple quotient of a certain W-algebra, which we explicitly construct. For n≥3, our approach leads to a rediscovery of the spinor representation of the a?ne vertex algebra associated to the Lie algebra 𝔰𝔬(n) of I. Frenkel.     

Group of automorphisms of the ring ℤA4

The structure of the group of automorphisms of the integer group ring of the group A₄ is studied in terms of a semidirect product. We show that the Zassenhaus conjecture on the structure of automorphisms of integer group rings of finite groups for the group Aut ?A₄ holds.     

Partitions of the phase space of a measure preserving ℤ d -action into towers

Alpern proved that the phase space of an aperiodic measure preserving automorphismT can be decomposed into Rokhlin-Halmos towers of given heightsh _i and weightsm _i whenever the numbersh _i are relatively prime. In this paper an extension of the Alpern theorem to the case of free ℤ ^d -actions is given. Namely, we investigate the decomposability of the action phase space into towers of rectangular, form and present conditions on the configuration (the set of tower forms) sufficient for the existence of such a decomposition. The proof of the main result uses the technique of tilings. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 65, No. 5, pp. 712–725, May, 1999.     

Homological determinacy of representations of a group of type P∞ over the ring of p-adic integers

It is proved that homologically equivalent p-adic representations of a group of type p are isomorphic to within imbedding, under which the factor module is homologically trivial.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 132, pp. 164–171, 1983.     

Counting the number of indecomposable representations and a q-analogue of the Weyl-Kac denominator identity of type _n

By using Frobenius maps and F-stable representations,we count the number of isomor- phism classes of indecomposable representations with the fixed dimension vector of a species of type _n over a finite field,first,and then,as an application,give a q-analogue of the Weyl-Kac denominator identity of type _n.     

Moments and Distribution of the Local Times of a Transient Random Walk on ℤ d

Consider an arbitrary transient random walk on ℤ ^d with d∈ℕ. Pick α∈[0,∞), and let L _n (α) be the spatial sum of the αth power of the n-step local times of the walk. Hence, L _n (0) is the range, L _n (1)=n+1, and for integers α, L _n (α) is the number of the α-fold self-intersections of the walk. We prove a strong law of large numbers for L _n (α) as n→∞. Furthermore, we identify the asymptotic law of the local time in a random site uniformly distributed over the range. These results complement and contrast analogous results for recurrent walks in two dimensions recently derived by Černy (Stoch. Proc. Appl. 117:262–270, 2007). Although these assertions are certainly known to experts, we could find no proof in the literature in this generality.      

The Colin de Verdière number and sphere representations of a graph

Colin de Vedière introduced an interesting linear algebraic invariant (G) of graphs. He proved that (G)2 if and only ifG is outerplanar, and (G)3 if and only ifG is planar. We prove that if the complement of a graphG onn nodes is outerplanar, then (G)n–4, and if it is planar, then (G)n–5. We give a full characterization of maximal planar graphs whose complementsG have (G)=n–5. In the opposite direction we show that ifG does not have twin nodes, then (G)n–3 implies that the complement ofG is outerplanar, and (G)n–4 implies that the complement ofG is planar.Our main tools are a geometric formulation of the invariant, and constructing representations of graphs by spheres, related to the classical result of Koebe about representing planar graphs by touching disks. In particular we show that such sphere representations characterize outerplanar and planar graphs.     

Gelfand-Kirillov dimensions of the ℤ-graded oscillator representations of 𝔬(n,ℂ) and 𝔰𝔭(2n,ℂ)

In this paper, we give a method to compute the Gelfand–Kirillov dimensions of some polynomial–type weight modules. These modules are infinite-dimensional irreducible 𝔬(n,?)-modules and 𝔰𝔭(2n,?)-modules that appeared in the ?-graded oscillator generalizations of the classical theorem on harmonic polynomials established by Luo and Xu. We also found that some of these modules have the secondly minimal GK-dimension, and some of them have the larger GK-dimension than the maximal GK-dimension apearing in unitary highest-weight modules.     

A basis for S k (Γ 0(4)) and representations of integers as sums of squares

In this paper, we find a basis for the space S _k (?? ₀(4)) of cusp forms of even weight k for the congruence subgroup ?? ₀(4) in terms of Eisenstein series. As an application, we obtain formulas for r _4s (n), the number of ways to represent a nonnegative integer n as a sum of 4s integral squares.     

Computation of the smallest positive eigenvalue of a quadratic λ-matrix

Summary The computation of the smallest positive eigenvalue ^* of a quadratic -matrix is used to determine the stability of structures. In addition to existence results we derive two efficient and reliable methods to calculate ^*. Both methods are based on shift techniques which are discussed thoroughly with respect to convergence.     

How to estimate the sum of a series?

<正>Now we’ll learn how to estimate the sum of a series?We have been able to use the integral test to show that a series ∞∑(n=1)a_n is convergent or divergent.But we also don’t know the best way to find the sum of the series.It is difficult to compute the sum of any series.Here is the best way to find an approximation to the sum of the series.You know     

Quotients of the unit ball of ℂn for a free action of ℤ

LetB _n be the unit ball of ℂⁿ and ℤ ≅ Γ ⊂ AutB _n be generated by a parabolic element of AutB _n. We show that the quotientB _n/Γ is biholomorphic to a holomorphically convex domain of ℂⁿ, whose automorphism group is explicity described. It follows thatB _n/ℤ is Stein for any free action of ℤ. Investigation partially supported by University of Bologna. Funds for selected research topics. The second author was supported by an Instituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica grant.     

The Piltz’s problem over a ring of matrices of second order with integer elements

The asymptotic formula for a summatory function of the number of representations of matrices from $ {M_2}\left( \mathbb{Z} \right) $ in the form C = A ₁ A ₂ A ₃ under the condition det C ≤ x is constructed. The second moment of the error term of this asymptotic formula is estimated.     

Existence of a Phase Transition for the Potts p-adic Model on the Set ℤ

We consider the Potts model on the set in the field Q _p of p-adic numbers. The range of the spin variables (n), , in this model is . We show that there are some values q=q(p) for which phase transitions occur.     

On the representation of large integers as sums of four almost equal squares of primes

In this paper, we are able to establish two localized results on the conjecture that each large integer congruent to 4 modulo 24 can be written as the sum of four squares of primes. The proof is based on the new estimates for exponential sums over primes in short intervals and a technique to get the asymptotic formula on the enlarged major arcs in the circle method. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10701048 and 10771127).