Critical behavior of an Ising metamagnet in uniform and random fields

We use an effective field method to analyze the thermodynamic behavior of an Ising metamagnet in uniform and random magnetic fields. Depending on the strength of the random fields, we show that the phase diagram displays a tricritical point and reentrant second-order transition lines. This reentrance is due to the competition between uniform and random interactions.     

A simple statistical modeling of random phase reference in holographic memory

We present a simple modeling of random phase reference in holographic memory. The proposed model is analyzed by a statistical approach. Improvement on selectivity using random phase reference is shown in comparison with uniform phase plane wave reference and Gaussian beam reference. This simple and efficient model provides a physical insight and is verified by some experiments.     

随机相位误差对空间功率合成效率的影响

采用数理统计方法分析了任意分布的随机相位误差对多台不等功率辐射源组成的天线阵空间功率合成效率的影响,得到了由多台不等幅馈电的阵元组成的天线阵空间功率合成效率期望值的解析表达式。通过该解析式可利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)快速分析任意数目阵元组成的天线阵在目标点的期望合成效率,为空间功率合成系统的总体合成效率预估并合理分解各分系统随机相位抖动指标提供了一种高效的解析分析方法。作为算例,用得到的解析公式分析相位误差分布呈均匀分布、正态分布和三角形分布三种典型情况对合成效率的影响。     

对均匀的数学描述及其与混沌的关系

基于独占球的概念定义的瞬时混沌度和k步混沌强度是混沌轨道的稳定特征,应用独占球的概念定义了均匀度,它对均匀性的描述与人对均匀的理解非常符合.被含均匀度是一个过渡概念,它与均匀度非常相似,但有更好的数学性质,对于随机轨道,被含均匀度统计收敛于1/V_n（1）（V_n（1）是n维欧氏空间的单位球体积）,而当轨道上的点充分多时,均匀度与被含均匀度近似相等.只要适当选择包含动力系统吸引盆的多 关键词： 独占球 均匀度 混沌 瞬时混沌强度     

Quantum phase transitions of hard-core bosons in background potentials

We study the zero temperature phase diagram of hard-core bosons in two dimensions subjected to three types of background potentials: staggered, uniform, and random. In all three cases there is a quantum phase transition from a superfluid (at small potential) to a normal phase (at large potential), but with different universality classes. As expected, the staggered case belongs to the XY universality, while the uniform potential induces a mean field transition. The disorder driven transition is clearly different from both; in particular, we find z approximately 1.4, nu approximately 1, and beta approximately 0.6.     

Critical disorder and phase transitions in random diode arrays

Random diode arrays represent a new class of nonlinear disordered systems related to the physics of thin-film semiconductor structures and some others. When a disorder strength grows through a certain critical value, they undergo a phase transition from almost uniform to strongly nonuniform random electric potential. A piecewise continuous topography of random potential is predicted.     

Propagation of p-polarized electromagnetic waves obliquely incident on stratified random media: Random phase approximation

We consider the propagation of p-polarized electromagnetic waves obliquely incident on stratified random dielectric media. Using the invariant imbedding method generalized to random media and applying the random phase approximation, we derive a simple analytical expression of the localization length and calculate the disorder-averaged reflectance and transmittance and the fluctuations of the localization length and the reflectance as functions of the incident angle. We also calculate the disorder-averaged intensity profile of the magnetic field inside the random medium. We find that within the random phase approximation, the p wave can be delocalized and transmitted completely at a certain critical incident angle, which is bigger than the Brewster angle in the uniform case.     

高增益相对论速调管放大器相位特性的模拟与实验研究

为实现高功率微波的相干功率合成, 开展了S波段高增益相对论速调管放大器输出微波相位特性的粒子模拟和实验研究, 粒子模拟与实验结果均表明电子回流是影响输出微波相位特性的主要因素. 在有效控制电子回流的情况下, 实验实现输出微波相位抖动小于± 10°, 锁相时间达90 ns. 以此计算, 若相位抖动在± 10° 内满足均匀分布, 十台该高增益相对论速调管放大器的功率合成效率将大于99%.     

Random field effects in field-driven quantum critical points

We investigate the role of disorder for field-driven quantum phase transitions of metallic antiferromagnets. For systems with sufficiently low symmetry, the combination of a uniform external field and non-magnetic impurities leads effectively to a random magnetic field which strongly modifies the behavior close to the critical point. Using perturbative renormalization group, we investigate in which regime of the phase diagram the disorder affects critical properties. In heavy fermion systems where even weak disorder can lead to strong fluctuations of the local Kondo temperature, the random field effects are especially pronounced. We study possible manifestation of random field effects in experiments and discuss in this light neutron scattering results for the field driven quantum phase transition in CeCu_5.8Au_0.2.     

功率谱反演大气湍流随机相位屏采样方法的研究

从产生大气湍流随机相位屏的功率谱反演法原理出发,分析了均匀采样造成的随机相位屏大量低频信息泄漏的不足,提出利用非均匀采样方法对功率谱进行滤波产生随机相位屏.建立了非均匀采样模型,并分析比较了两种采样方法覆盖的采样频率范围和单边采样频率区域的湍流功率,理论证明了非均匀采样功率谱反演产生大气湍流随机相位屏的可行性和有效性.针对大气湍流的Kolmogorov谱,分别仿真计算了两种采样模型下功率谱反演生成的大气湍流随机相位屏.仿真结果表明,在不增加采样点和计算量条件下,非均匀采样方法生成的大气湍流随机相位屏具有丰富的低频和高频信息,有效改善了传统功率谱反演大气湍流随机相位屏时低频信息严重不足的缺陷.     

Phase-Measuring Algorithms to Suppress Spatially Nonuniform Phase Modulation in a Two-Beam Interferometer

Phase modulation of presently used phase-shifting interferometers is assumed to be spatially uniform across the observing aperture. However, calibration errors or the configuration of an interferometer can cause a spatial nonuniformity in the phase modulation. Spatial nonuniformity causes a significant error in the measured phase when the phase modulator has nonlinear sensitivity. An even-order nonlinearity in the phase modulation in particular contributes to the errors. Lowest-order errors can be suppressed by adding a new symmetry to the sampling functions of the phase-shifting algorithm, however the algorithm suffers from large random noise. The random noise is shown to be decreased substantially by applying one more sampled frame to the algorithm. We derive new seven-sample and eight-sample algorithms that can compensate for a nonuniform phase shift and has much less random noise than the previous algorithm we proposed.     

Displacement disorder and reconstruction of the (001) face of tungsten

The reconstruction of the (001) border of tungsten is examined taking into consideration random static displacements of surface atoms in the high-temperature (1 × 1) phase. A microscopic model is proposed, in which the creation of the c(2 × 2) phase is described as a transition of the Jahn-Teller type and an ordering of static displacements. It is shown that displacement disorder induces instability of (001) tungsten with respect to reconstruction. The effect of a uniform electric field on a disordered reconstructing surface is examined. A possible reason is given for pronounced differences in the results of investigations of the structural conversion of the (001) face in tungsten when different experimental methods are used.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 24–35, October, 1991.     

On the dynamics of a self-gravitating medium with random and non-random initial conditions

The dynamics of a 1D self-gravitating medium with initial density almost uniform is studied. Numerical experiments are performed with ordered and with Gaussian random initial conditions. The phase space portraits are shown to be qualitatively similar to shock waves, in particular with initial conditions of Brownian type. The PDF of the mass distribution is investigated.     

Asymptotic Structure of Constrained Exponential Random Graph Models

In this paper, we study exponential random graph models subject to certain constraints. We obtain some general results about the asymptotic structure of the model. We show that there exists non-trivial regions in the phase plane where the asymptotic structure is uniform and there also exists non-trivial regions in the phase plane where the asymptotic structure is non-uniform. We will get more refined results for the star model and in particular the two-star model for which a sharp transition from uniform to non-uniform structure, a stationary point and phase transitions will be obtained.     

Non-equilibrium relaxation study of the ±J Ising model with biquadratic exchange interaction

The spin-1 ±J Ising model with uniform biquadratic couplings on a simple cubic lattice is studied by the Monte Carlo simulation using the non-equilibrium relaxation method. The reentrant phase transition induced by competition between the bilinear and biquadratic couplings is eliminated gradually with increasing randomness of bilinear couplings and disappears entirely in the strong random system. The dynamic exponent of ferromagnetic transition shows non-universal behavior with changing randomness, while this behavior is not observed in the case of staggered quadrupolar transition.     

Dilute antiferromagnets: Imry-Ma argument,hierarchical model,and equivalence to random field Ising models

We discuss some aspects of the problem of the equivalence of dilute antiferromagnets and random field Ising models. We first investigate for dilute antiferromagnets the validity of the arguments of Imry and Ma. It turns out that they are applicable, but some care is required concerning the role played by the so-called internal Peierls contours. Next we consider a hierarchical version of a dilute antiferromagnetic Ising model in the presence of a uniform magnetic field and show that a renormalization group transformation maps it exactly into a hierarchical version of the random field Ising model, thus proving their equivalence as far as the critical behavior is concerned. In particular this implies that phase transition with spontaneous magnetization occurs only for dimensiond>2. Finally we show that in the absence of internal Peierls contours both models, in their hierarchical versions, exhibit phase transition already in dimensiond=2.     

A universal algorithm to generate pseudo-random numbers based on uniform mapping as homeomorphism

A specific uniform map is constructed as a homeomorphism mapping chaotic time series into [0,1] to obtain sequences of standard uniform distribution. With the uniform map, a chaotic orbit and a sequence orbit obtained are topologically equivalent to each other so the map can preserve the most dynamic properties of chaotic systems such as permutation entropy. Based on the uniform map, a universal algorithm to generate pseudo random numbers is proposed and the pseudo random series is tested to follow the standard 0-1 random distribution both theoretically and experimentally. The algorithm is not complex, which does not impose high requirement on computer hard ware and thus computation speed is fast. The method not only extends the parameter spaces but also avoids the drawback of small function space caused by constraints on chaotic maps used to generate pseudo random numbers. The algorithm can be applied to any chaotic system and can produce pseudo random sequence of high quality, thus can be a good universal pseudo random number generator.     

Magnetic supersusceptibility of atoms

Analytical expressions are obtained for supersusceptibility of atoms with filled shells in a uniform magnetic field harmonically depending on time. Dynamic and static supersusceptibilities are calculated for He, Be, and Ar in the Hartree-Fock approximation and in the random phase and exchange method (RPAE).Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 46–54, October, 1976.     

Analytical derivation of the stationarity and the ergodicity of a field scattered by a slightly rough random surface

In the framework of the small perturbation method, we present a new theoretical derivation of the statistical and spatial properties of a field scattered by a one-dimensional slightly rough random surface. The work concerns the intermediate field zone where the scattered field is reduced to the contribution of the progressive plane waves. The surface is assumed to be stationary, ergodic and Gaussian. First, from a statistical point of view, we demonstrate that under oblique incidence the scattered field is not stationary while it is strictly stationary under normal incidence. For an infinite surface, the scattered field modulus obeys to Hoyt law and the phase is not uniform. Second, from a spatial point of view, for a given altitude and under all incidences, we show that the scattered field is ergodic. Under oblique incidence, the phase is spatially uniform and the modulus is given by a Rayleigh law. Under normal incidence, the phase is not uniform and the modulus is given by a Hoyt law. Third, from a practical point of view, we show that the field measured by a directional antenna is ergodic and stationary if the angular transfer function of the antenna does not contain the specular direction.