共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Božidar Kante 《Acta Analytica》2005,20(4):53-63
The topic of this paper is the role played by context in art. In this regard I examine three theories linked to the names of J. Levinson, G. Currie and D. Davies. Levinson’s arguments undermine the structural theory. He finds it objectionable because it makes the individuation of artworks independent of their histories. Secondly, such a consequence is unacceptable because it fails to recognise that works are created rather than discovered. But, if certain general features of provenance are always work-constitutive, as it seems that Levinson is willing to claim, these features must always be essential properties of works. On the other hand, consideration of our modal practice suggests that whether a given general feature of provenance is essential or non-essential depends upon the particular work in question or is “work relative”. D. Davies builds his performance theory on the basis of the critical evaluation of Currie’s action-type hypotheses (ATH). Performances, says Davies, are not to be identified with “basic actions” to which their times belong essentially, but with “doings” that permit of the sorts of variation in modal properties required by the work-relativity of modality. He is also a fierce critic of the contextualist account. Contextualism is in his view unable to reflect the fact that aspects of provenance bear upon our modal judgements with variable force.In the second part of the paper I consider Davies’s “modality principle”. Davies is inclined to defend the claim that labels used for designation of works are rigid designators. Such a view offers a ground for discussion about the historicity of art. What has been meant when people claim that art is an historical concept? I argue that any historical theory implies a two-dimensional notion of “art”. At the end of the paper I suggest that Davies should embrace the theory of contingent identity and not the colocationist view about the relationship that exists between a particular artwork and its physical bearer. 相似文献
2.
Derek Matravers 《Acta Analytica》2005,20(4):32-40
This paper considers the view, recently put forward by David Davies in Art and Performance, that works of art should be identified with the generative performances that result in the object, rather than with the
object. It attempts to disarm two of Davies arguments by, first, providing a criterion by which the contextualist can accommodate
all and only the relevant generative properties as properties of the work, and, second, providing an alternative explanation
for his modal intuitions. Finally, it draws attention to Davies’ difficulties in providing a clear criterion for the identity
of the work of art. 相似文献
3.
Kathleen Stock 《Acta Analytica》2005,20(4):24-31
In Art as Performance, David Davies identifies certain properties relevant to artistic appreciation of artworks that, he suggests, are naturally
construed as belonging to the artist’s creative performance rather than to any product of that performance (the “work-product”).
He further argues, against an anticipated opponent, that such properties cannot be excluded as irrelevant to artistic appreciation
in any principled way. I argue that the cited properties can be intelligibly construed as properties of the associated work-product,
whether or not they are relevant to artistic appreciation; but that some are not relevant to artistic appreciation. In doing
so, I offer a principle determining when a property of an artwork is relevant to artistic appreciation. I conclude that, on
its own, Davies’s argument offers no good grounds to abandon our practice of thinking of the artwork as the product of an
artist’s activity, rather than the activity itself. 相似文献
4.
Elisabeth Schellekens 《Acta Analytica》2005,20(4):10-23
The principal concern of my paper is a distinction between two ways of appreciating works of art, characterised here in terms
of the phrases ‘seeing is believing’ and ‘believing is seeing’. I examine this distinction in the light of an epistemological
requirement at times at least grounded in what David Davies, in his Art as Performance, refers to as the ‘common sense theory of art appreciation’ in order to assess exactly what aspect of the philosophical approach
generally known as aesthetic empiricism his account commits him to reject. I argue that the ‘experiential requirement’, if
only conceived in a slightly broader way than is usual, might very well have an important role to play not only in the appropriate
appreciation of works that do not demonstrate the need for such a requirement (primarily works of late modern and conceptual
art), but also in the ontological account Davies himself favours. 相似文献
5.
In this article, I discuss Hawthorne’s contextualist solution to Benacerraf’s dilemma. He wants to find a satisfactory epistemology
to go with realist ontology, namely with causally inaccessible mathematical and modal entities. I claim that he is unsuccessful.
The contextualist theories of knowledge attributions were primarily developed as a response to the skeptical argument based
on the deductive closure principle. Hawthorne uses the same strategy in his attempt to solve the epistemologist puzzle facing
the proponents of mathematical and modal realism, but this problem is of a different nature than the skeptical one. The contextualist
theory of knowledge attributions cannot help us with the question about the nature of mathematical and modal reality and how
they can be known. I further argue that Hawthorne’s account does not say anything about a priori status of mathematical and modal knowledge. Later, Hawthorne adds to his account an implausible claim that in some contexts
a gettierized belief counts as knowledge. 相似文献
6.
Functionalism about truth is the view that truth is an explanatorily significant but multiply-realizable property. According
to this view the properties that realize truth vary from domain to domain, but the property of truth is a single, higher-order,
domain insensitive property. We argue that this view faces a challenge similar to the one that Jaegwon Kim laid out for the
multiple realization thesis. The challenge is that the higher-order property of truth is equivalent to an explanatorily idle
disjunction of its realization bases. This consequence undermines the alethic functionalists’ non-deflationary ambitions.
A plausible response to Kim’s argument fails to carry over to alethic functionalism on account of significant differences
between alethic functionalism and psychological functionalism. Lynch’s revised view in his book Truth as One and Many (2009) fails to answer our challenge. The upshot is that, while mental functionalism may survive Kim’s argument, it mortally wounds
functionalism about truth. 相似文献
7.
Javier Kalhat 《Acta Analytica》2011,26(2):115-133
Armstrong’s combinatorial theory of possibility faces the obvious difficulty that not all universals are compatible. In this
paper I develop three objections against Armstrong’s attempt to account for property incompatibilities. First, Armstrong’s account cannot handle incompatibilities holding among properties that are either simple, or that are complex but stand to one another in the relation of overlap rather than in the part/ whole relation. Secondly, at the heart of Armstrong’s account lies a notion of structural universals
which, building on an objection by David Lewis, is shown to be incoherent. I consider and reject two alternative ways of construing
the composition of structural universals in an attempt to meet Lewis’ objection. An important consequence of this is that
all putative structural properties are in fact simple. Finally, I argue that the quasi-mereological account presupposes modality in a way that undermines the reductionist aim
of the combinatorialist theory of which it is a central part. I conclude that Armstrong’ quasi-mereological account of property
incompatibility fails. Without that account, however, Armstrong’s combinatorial theory either fails to get off the ground,
or else must give up its goal of reducing the notion of possibility to something non-modal. 相似文献
8.
Constantine Sandis 《Acta Analytica》2006,21(2):30-40
This paper aims to explore the space of possible particularistic approaches to Philosophy of Science by examining the differences
and similarities between Jonathan Dancy’s moral particularism—as expressed in both his earlier writings (e.g., Moral Reasons, 1993), and, more explicitly defended in his book Ethics without Principles (2004)—and Nancy Cartwright’s particularism in the philosophy of science, as defended in her early collection of essays,
How the Laws of Physics Lie (1983), and her later book, The Dappled World: A Study of the Boundaries of Science (1999). I shall argue that Dancy’s particularism is more radical, but also more plausible, than Cartwright’s, concluding
that we have good reason to embrace a scientific particularism that is far closer to Dancy’s ethical particularism than any
view defended by Nancy Cartwright, or any other philosopher from the ‘Stanford school’ of scientific theory. 相似文献
9.
Intuitionistic propositional logicInt and its extensions, known as intermediate or superintuitionistic logics, in many respects can be regarded as just fragments
of classical modal logics containingS4. The main aim of this paper is to construct a similar correspondence between intermediate logics augmented with modal operators—we
call them intuitionistic modal logics—and classical polymodal logics We study the class of intuitionistic polymodal logics
in which modal operators satisfy only the congruence rules and so may be treated as various sorts of □ and ◇.
Supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
Translated fromAlgebra i Logika, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 121–155, March–April, 1997. 相似文献
10.
Takashi Yagisawa 《Acta Analytica》2012,27(1):77-79
In my book, Worlds and Individuals, Possible and Otherwise, I use the novel idea of modal tense to respond to a number of arguments against modal realism. Peter van Inwagen’s million-carat-diamond
objection is one of them. It targets the version of modal realism by David Lewis and exploits the fact that Lewis accepts
absolutely unrestricted quantification. The crux of my response is to use modal tense to neutralize absolutely unrestricted
quantification. Seahwa Kim says that even when equipped with modal tense, I am unsuccessful, given my view of reality and
the proper use of modal tense in speaking of reality. I counter her attempt at resurrecting van Inwagen’s objection and clarify
how we should use modal tense and how we should talk about reality. 相似文献
11.
The aim of the paper is to relate computational and arithmetic questions about Euler’s constant γ with properties of the values
of the q-logarithm function, with natural choice of~q. By these means, we generalize a classical formula for γ due to Ramanujan, together with Vacca’s and Gosper’s series for
γ, as well as deduce irrationality criteria and tests and new asymptotic formulas for computing Euler’s constant. The main
tools are Euler-type integrals and hypergeometric series.
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification Primary—11Y60; Secondary—11J72, 33C20, 33D15
The work of the second author is supported by an Alexander von Humboldt research fellowship
Dedication: To Leonhard Euler on his 300th birthday. 相似文献
12.
The paper is concerned with the ‘primal’ problem of maximizing a given quadratic pseudo-boolean function. Four equivalent
problems are discussed—the primal, the ‘complementation’, the ‘discrete Rhys LP’ and the ‘weighted stability problem of a
SAM graph’. Each of them has a relaxation—the ‘roof dual’, the ‘quadratic complementation,’ the ‘continuous Rhys LP’ and the
‘fractional weighted stability problem of a SAM graph’. The main result is that the four gaps associated with the four relaxations
are equal. Furthermore, a solution to any of these problems leads at once to solutions of the other three equivalent ones.
The four relaxations can be solved in polynomial time by transforming them to a bipartite maximum flow problem. The optimal
solutions of the ‘roof-dual’ define ‘best’ linear majorantsp(x) off, having the following persistency property: if theith coefficient inp is positive (negative) thenx
i=1 (0) in every optimum of the primal problem. Several characterizations are given for the case where these persistency results
cannot be used to fix any variable of the primal. On the other hand, a class of gap-free functions (properly including the
supermodular ones) is exhibited. 相似文献
13.
Jean-Pierre Aubin 《Journal of Evolution Equations》2006,6(3):419-432
The purpose of this paper is to characterize by means of viability tools the pseudo-lipschitzianity property of a set-valued
map F in a neighborhood of a point of its graph in terms of derivatives of this set-valued map F in a neighborhood of a point of its graph, instead of using the transposes of the derivatives. On the way, we relate these
properties to the calmness index of a set-valued map, an extensions of Clarke’s calmness of a function, as well as Doyen’s
Lipschitz kernel of a set-valued map, which is the largest Lipschitz submap. 相似文献
14.
R K Shyamasundar 《Proceedings Mathematical Sciences》1979,88(1):1-19
A necessary and sufficient set of conditions is obtained that relates any two context-free grammarsG
1 andG
2 with the property that wheneverG
2 left—or right—coversG
1, the syntax-directed translations (SDT’s) with underlying grammarG
1 is a subset of those with underlying grammarG
2. Also the case thatG
2 left—or right—coversG
1 but the SDT’s with underlying grammarG
1 is not a subset of the SDT’s with underlying grammarG
2 is considered; in this case an algorithm is described to obtain the syntax-directed translation schema (SDTS) with underlying
grammarG
2 to the given SDTS with underlying grammarG
1, if it exists. 相似文献
15.
This paper defendsintensional essentialism: a property (intensional entity) is not essential relative to an individual (extensional entity), but relative to other properties
(or intensional entities). Consequently, an individual can have a property only accidentally, but in virtue of having that
property the individual has of necessity other properties. Intensional essentialism is opposed to various aspects of the Kripkean
notion of metaphysical modality, eg, varying domains, existence as a property of individuals, and its category of properties
which are both empirical and essential with respect to particular individuals and natural kinds. The key notion of intensional
essentialism isrequisite. A requisite is explicated as a relation-in-extension between two intensions (functions from possible worlds and moments
of time)X, Y such that wherever and wheneverX is instantiatedY is also instantiated. We predict three readings of the sentence. “Every wooden table is necessarily wooden”, one involving
modalityde re and the other two modalityde dicto. The first reading claims that no individual which is a wooden table is necessarily wooden. The claim is backed up by bare
particular anti-essentialism. The two other interpretations claim that it is necessary that whatever is a wooden table is
wooden. However, as we try to show, one is logically far more perspicuous thanks to the concept of requisite and thus preferable
to more standardde dicto formalizations. 相似文献
16.
A. Georgakopoulos 《Abhandlungen aus dem Mathematischen Seminar der Universit?t Hamburg》2006,76(1):235-245
We construct infinite planar graphs of arbitrarily large connectivity and girth, and study their separation properties. These
graphs have no thick end but continuum many thin ones. Every finite cycle separates them, but they corroborate Diestel’s conjecture
that everyk-connected locally finite graph contains a possibly infinite cycle — see [3] — whose deletion leaves it (k — 3)-connected. 相似文献
17.
L. L. Maksimova 《Algebra and Logic》2009,48(6):426-448
Propositional modal and positive logics are considered as well as extensions of Johansson’s minimal logic. It is proved that
basic versions of the interpolation property and of the Beth definability property, and also the Hallden property, are decidable
on the class of tabular logics, i.e., logics given by finitely many finite algebras. Algorithms are described for constructing
counterexamples to each of the properties mentioned in handling cases where the logic under consideration does not possess
the required property. 相似文献
18.
T. Len Miller Vivien G. Miller Michael M. Neumann 《Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics》2009,6(2):149-168
This paper centers on local spectral conditions that are both necessary and sufficient for the equality of the essential spectra
of two bounded linear operators on complex Banach spaces that are intertwined by a pair of bounded linear mappings. In particular,
if the operators T and S are intertwined by a pair of injective operators, then S is Fredholm provided that T is Fredholm and S has property (δ) in a neighborhood of 0. In this case, ind(T) ≤ ind(S), and equality holds precisely when the eigenvalues of the adjoint T* do not cluster at 0. By duality, we obtain refinements of results due to Putinar, Takahashi, and Yang concerning operators
with Bishop’s property (β) intertwined by pairs of operators with dense range. Moreover, we establish an extension of a result due to Eschmeier that,
under appropriate assumptions regarding the single-valued extension property, leads to necessary and sufficient conditions
for quasi-similar operators to have equal essential spectra. In particular it turns out that the single-valued extension property
plays an essential role in the preservation of the index in this context.
相似文献
19.
Michael J. Collins 《Designs, Codes and Cryptography》2009,51(2):167-173
We derive new upper bounds on the size set families having the c-identifiable parent property (c-IPP) and the c-traceability property (c-TA) and compare these bounds to similar results on parent-identifying codes.
An earlier version of this paper appeared in [4]. Sandia National Laboratories—This is a multiprogram laboratory operated
by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration
under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. 相似文献
20.
We start from the geometrical-logical extension of Aristotle’s square in [6,15] and [14], and study them from both syntactic
and semantic points of view. Recall that Aristotle’s square under its modal form has the following four vertices: A is □α, E is , I is and O is , where α is a logical formula and □ is a modality which can be defined axiomatically within a particular logic known as S5 (classical or intuitionistic, depending on whether is involutive or not) modal logic.
[3] has proposed extensions which can be interpreted respectively within paraconsistent and paracomplete logical frameworks.
[15] has shown that these extensions are subfigures of a tetraicosahedron whose vertices are actually obtained by closure
of by the logical operations , under the assumption of classical S5 modal logic. We pursue these researches on the geometrical-logical extensions of Aristotle’s square: first we list all modal
squares of opposition. We show that if the vertices of that geometrical figure are logical formulae and if the sub-alternation
edges are interpreted as logical implication relations, then the underlying logic is none other than classical logic. Then
we consider a higher-order extension introduced by [14], and we show that the same tetraicosahedron plays a key role when
additional modal operators are introduced. Finally we discuss the relation between the logic underlying these extensions and
the resulting geometrical-logical figures.
相似文献