电动车测速报警装置的实验设计

为提高电动车的行驶安全系数,通过实验研究的方法设计了测速报警装置。借助霍尔效应的原理,对电动车车轮的转速进行测量得到其行驶速度,来实现预警和报警,从而提高其行驶安全系数。     

霍尔线位移传感器静态特性的研究

在不同环境温度下,互换霍尔位移传感器的输入/输出端,对其静态特性进行实验测试。结果表明：在霍尔元件顺、反接及不同的环境温度下,其静态特性差异明显,从理论上对实验现象进行了分析。     

Magnus Hall Effect in Two-Dimensional Materials

The Magnus Hall effect(MHE) is a new type of linear-response Hall effect, recently proposed to appear in two-dimensional(2D) nonmagnetic systems at zero magnetic field in the ballistic limit. The MHE arises from a self-rotating Bloch electron moving under a gradient-electrostatic potential, analogous to the Magnus effect in the macrocosm. Unfortunately, the MHE is usually accompanied by a trivial transverse signal, which hinders its experimental observation. We systematically investigate the material realization and experimental measurement of the MHE, based on symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations. It is found that both the out-ofplane mirror and in-plane two-fold symmetries can neutralize the trivial transverse signal to generate clean MHE signals. We choose two representative 2D materials, monolayer MoS_2, and bilayer WTe_2, to study the quantitative dependency of MHE signals on the direction of the electric field. The results are qualitatively consistent with the symmetry analysis, and suggest that an observable MHE signal requires giant Berry curvatures. Our results provide detailed guidance for the future experimental exploration of MHE.     

A Hall effect angle detector for solid-state NMR

We describe a new method for independent monitoring of the angle between the spinning axis and the magnetic field in solid-state NMR. A Hall effect magnetic flux sensor is fixed to the spinning housing, so that a change in the stator orientation leads to a change in the angle between the Hall plane and the static magnetic field. This leads to a change in the Hall voltage generated by the sensor when an electric current is passed through it. The Hall voltage may be measured externally by a precision voltmeter, allowing the spinning angle to be measured non-mechanically and independent of the NMR experiment. If the Hall sensor is mounted so that the magnetic field is approximately parallel to the Hall plane, the Hall voltage becomes highly sensitive to the stator orientation. The current angular accuracy is around 10 millidegrees. The precautions needed to achieve higher angular accuracy are described.     

霍尔传感器及其在物理实验中的应用

介绍了霍尔传感器的原理以及工程应用中的霍尔传感器种类 ,举例说明了开关型霍尔传感器在重力加速度测量实验中的应用 ,同时给出了具体的应用电路     

霍尔式传感器的不等位电势补偿探讨

不等位电势是霍尔式传感器产生零位误差的主要因素.在霍尔式传感器的直流激励特性实验中霍尔元件处于梯度磁场中,但是磁场强度未知,因此无法确定磁场强度为零的位置.当采用交流激励时,通过调节霍尔元件在磁场中的位置,使输出的最小电势便是不等位电势,此时便可通过补偿桥路进行补偿.     

Hall传感器的标定装置及相关标定实验研究

Hall传感器是加速器磁铁磁场测量必不可少的工具之一。为保证Hall传感器能够完成高精度的测量,在实际使用过程中,需要对其进行周期性标定。除此以外,当前加速器磁体的测试任务对Hall传感器的测量范围及工作温度提出了新的需求,因此建立一套标准的大跨度磁场及温度范围的Hall传感器标定系统具有非常重要的现实意义。基于此,搭建了一套完整的高精度Hall传感器标定系统并着重论述了其中的数据采集部分。目前基于该系统开展了一系列0～2.0 T磁场区(HHP-NP、HPCS、DTM151、HE244T等Hall传感器)下的标定尝试,标定曲线采用线性、多项式等不同方式拟合,结果表明拟合结果良好,线性偏离程度(测试结果线性偏离程度越小,精度越好)最优情况下好于0.01%。     

一种测量大型原木内部水分的微型NMR 传感器

木材中的水分对木材的性能有着决定性的影响,目前测量木材水分的方法多适用于小型木材的检测．然而,当树木被砍伐后,在加工前希望了解其内部水分状态,因此需要一种方法来检测大型原木的水分．该文设计了一种微型核磁共振(NMR)传感器,该传感器为圆柱型结构（直径为 28 mm,长度为 60 mm）,测量区域位于传感器外侧,形成与传感器同轴的圆环．测量前,需在被测部位凿一个与传感器直径相当的孔．测量时传感器沿着孔壁测量即可获得对应位置的 NMR 参数信息．初步实验结果表明,该传感器可以分辨被测木材中自由水和束缚水的分布以及各部位水分的相对含量．

     

基于线阵CCD的迈克耳孙干涉仪条纹计数器

通过CCD图像传感器对光干涉信号进行捕捉与采集,并将捕捉信号送至ARM微控制器,利用芯片内部的A/D转换单元将模拟信号转换成数字信号,然后对数字信号进行分析、变换、测量处理,将干涉图像、干涉环变换方向及计数结果显示在液晶屏上,该方法消除了人工记录干涉圆环数目时因疲劳而产生的计数误差,提高了测量精度.     

利用深度神经网络实现分布式相干瑞利光纤振动事件分类

该文利用分布式相干瑞利光纤传感系统,在西气东输一线无锡至苏州段开展现场测试,采集了光纤沿线车辆行走、机械挖掘、人工锄地、定向钻孔等8种振动作业产生的光纤信号,并提出了一种具有5层结构的全连接深度神经网络用于振动事件分类识别以实现不同振动作业的分级管理。振动作业产生的光纤信号能量集中在低频,该文利用梅尔对数频率的非均匀特性提取了25维单帧信号特征量,并将连续40帧信号特征量组合成高维向量作为网络输入特征向量,实现对不同振动作业时变特性的建模。分类识别结果表明,基于深度神经网络结构的振动信号分类识别器能够有效识别不同振动作业类型,实际线路实验验证了该文算法的有效性。     

Spin Hall effects for cold atoms in a light-induced gauge potential

We propose an experimental scheme to observe spin Hall effects with cold atoms in a light-induced gauge potential. Under an appropriate configuration, the cold atoms moving in a spatially varying laser field experience an effective spin-dependent gauge potential. Through numerical simulation, we demonstrate that such a gauge field leads to observable spin Hall currents under realistic conditions. We also discuss the quantum spin Hall state in an optical lattice.     

Micromagnetic simulations on detection of magnetic labelled biomolecules using MR sensors

In this work, we present a study of the interaction between the magnetic particles used in biological applications and the giant magnetoresistive effect (GMR) sensor. The fractional change in resistance, and hence the sensitivity, will be maximized by matching, as far as possible, the size of the sensor to the size of the beads and by carefully positioning the beads over the sensor. We found, by micromagnetic simulations, that the amount of the surface coverage with magnetic particles may affect the magnetization curve of the sensor and will change the field dependence of the GMR response.     

Hall effects on MHD Couette flow in a rotating system

The combined effect of rotation and Hall current on the MHD Couette flow have been studied. The heat transfer characteristic have also been discussed on taking the viscous and Joule dissipation into account. The primary and the secondary velocity components increase with increase in Hall parameter but the primary velocity decreases with increase in rotation parameter. It is seen that the rate of heat transfer at the stationary plate is independent of both the Hall parameter and the rotation parameter. The rate of heat transfer at the moving plate increases with increase in Hall parameter, while it decreases with increase in rotation parameter. The values of the critical Eckert number at which the direction of the heat flow changes increases with increase in Hall parameter.     

Optical feedback characteristics in a dual-frequency laser during laser cavity tuning

The optical feedback characteristics in a Zeeman-birefringence dual-frequency laser are studied during the laser cavity tuning in three different kinds of optical feedback conditions: (i) only // -light is fed back; (ii) only ⊥-light is fed back; (iii) both lights are fed back.A compact displacement sensor is designed using the experimental result that there is a nearly 90 degrees phase delay between the two lights' cosine optical feedback signals when both lights are fed back into the laser cavity.The priority order that the two lights' intensity curves appear can be used for direction discrimination. The resolution of the displacement sensor is at least 79 nm, and the sensor can discriminate the target's moving direction easily.     

高性能石墨烯霍尔传感器

本文回顾了石墨烯霍尔传感器的相关研究工作.通过改善石墨烯生长转移和霍尔元件的微加工工艺,石墨烯霍尔元件和霍尔集成电路都展示出超越传统霍尔传感器的优异性能.石墨烯霍尔元件的灵敏度、分辨率、线性度和温度稳定性等重要指标都优于传统商用霍尔元件.通过开发一套钝化工艺,霍尔元件的稳定性有了明显提升.结合石墨烯材料的特点,展示了石墨烯在柔性磁传感和多功能传感领域的新颖应用.此外,成功实现了石墨烯/硅互补型金属-氧化物-半导体(CMOS)混合霍尔集成电路,并进行了应用展示.通过发展一套低温加工工艺(不超过180℃),将石墨烯霍尔元件制备在硅基CMOS芯片的钝化层上,从而与硅基CMOS电路实现了单片集成.本文的研究结果表明石墨烯在霍尔磁探测方向拥有重大的性能优势,在产业化应用中有巨大发展潜力.     

金属丝杨氏模量测量装置的设计

基于迈克尔逊干涉原理设计了金属丝杨氏模量的测量装置。在金属丝上施加持续而又均匀增加的力,引起金属丝细微伸长,通过灵敏杠杆带动移动镜的移动,从而引起光屏上干涉圆环数目的变化;用一种光电传感器捕捉干涉圆环的光强信号,将光信号转换为电信号,再通过模数转换,精确算出干涉圆环的条数,就可以实现对金属丝微小伸长量的测量。采用Origin软件处理实验数据,避免了人为因素所造成的误差,智能化计算出金属丝的杨氏模量。     

霍尔效应在直流电压隔离传送中的应用

应用基于霍尔效应的磁平衡原理设计了直流电压高精度隔离传送传感器,并与光耦传感器进行了比较,结果表明:在温度变化的环境中,该传感器隔离传送直流电压的精度优于光耦传感器28倍.     

Planar Hall effect in biosensor with a tilted angle of the cross-junction

A typical planar Hall effect (PHE) sensor junction consists of two Hall bars that the bars appear normal to each other and the junction can have the required four terminals for current and voltage measurements. We are now introducing a tilted angle of the cross-junction and studying the role of the PHE therein. The results show that although there is a tilted angle of the cross-junction, the PHE voltage is remained constant. The result is interpreted by assuming the sensor material with the behavior of a basic single domain structure under the external magnetic field reversals. The calculations of the model are found to be in good concurrence with the experimental results.     

Topological Hall effect and Berry phase in magnetic nanostructures

We discuss the anomalous Hall effect in a two-dimensional electron gas subject to a spatially varying magnetization. This topological Hall effect does not require any spin-orbit coupling and arises solely from Berry phase acquired by an electron moving in a smoothly varying magnetization. We propose an experiment with a structure containing 2D electrons or holes of diluted magnetic semiconductor subject to the stray field of a lattice of magnetic nanocylinders. The striking behavior predicted for such a system (of which all relevant parameters are well known) allows one to observe unambiguously the topological Hall effect and to distinguish it from other mechanisms.     

霍尔位置传感器法测杨氏模量实验装置的改进

利用力敏传感器原理解决了霍尔位置传感器测杨氏模量在增加砝码时人为造成刻线晃动的问题。同时,在望远镜下设置导轨,大大增加刻线清晰度的调节。